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Biomedical subjects

G Antony

Publications and source records attributed to G Antony.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Value of superficial cultures in diagnosing neonatal sepsis.

This study was conducted to determine the value of superficial cultures in the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis in our hospital. Sixty three babies, younger than 2 weeks who were admitted with suspected sepsis were investigated. A total of 369 cultures were obtained from these babies--252 (68.29%) superficial and 171 (31.70%) deep cultures. External ear canal swab, umbilical cord swab and throat swab culture accounted for the superficial cultures. Blood culture, cerebrospinal fluid culture and i.v. catheter culture accounted for deep cultures. Of the 369 cultures, 225 (60.97%) were positive for pathogens, which included Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella sp, Escherichia coli, Group B streptococcus and Enterococcus fecalis. The yield of pathogenic organisms was higher for superficial cultures (53.84%). All superficial cultures obtained during the study on each patient were simultaneously compared with the deep cultures by antimicrobial sensitivity method. The overall comparison showed that the practice of superficial cultures could be useful to predict the pathogenic organisms causing invasive disease.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1999

Synthesis of some new biologically active thiadiazolotriazinones--Part II.

4-Amino-6-phenyl/methyl-3-mercapto-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-ones (1) are condensed with an aromatic carboxylic acid, aryloxyacetic acid or anilinoacetic acid (2), to yield 7-substituted-3-phenyl/methyl-4H-1,3,4-thiadiazolo-[2,3-c]-1,2,4-+ ++triazin-4- ones (3). Phosphorus oxychloride is used as a cyclizing agent. All the synthesized compounds are screened for their antibacterial activities against S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa and G. bacillus.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed1998

Giardiasis in the adult population of Dakshina Kannada district of south India.

A 10-year study of Giardia intestinalis infections in adults was conducted in the Dakshina Kannada District of Karnataka State, South India. Coproparasitological investigations were made on 10,000 stool specimens collected from selected patients. The infection rate was 37.1% with a male disease rate of 91.4%. The highest incidence rate was recorded in the age group 15-26 years. A possible reason for this preponderance of giardiasis in these males, is discussed. The optimum time for transmission appeared to be during the warmer months of the year (May to October) which coincided with the greatest amount of rainfall. The most common symptoms were abdominal discomfort, flatulence, diarrhoea, weight loss and anorexia. The predominating symptoms in our series varied with socio-economic level. There appeared to be some correlation between the clinical manifestations and the immune status of the individual.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) and insulin antibodies in rabbits.

Using prepubertal male New Zealand White rabbits, continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII), delivered by either an external or an implantable infusion device, resulted in significantly higher insulin antibody (I-Ab) production than bolus injection (BII). We tested the influence during CSII of (1) the insulin species, (2) the insulin diluent, (3) the materials of which the infusion devices were made and (4) the incubation of insulin in a syringe on the backs of rabbits ('sham-infusion'), with the following results: (1) beef and sulphated beef insulins produced high levels of I-Abs, while porcine and human insulins produced moderate levels; (2) with all insulins used, 0.9% NaCl and 0.9% NaCl with 24-26 mmol NaHCO3 added, produced high levels of I-Ab. A buffer containing 0.7% NaCl, 0.136% sodium acetate trihydrate and 0.1% methyl-p-hydroxybenzoate and a buffer containing 16 mg/ml glycerol and 2 mg/ml phenol, produced highly significantly lower I-Abs (P less than 0.001); (3) insulin glass syringes produced much lower I-Ab levels than in standard polypropylene syringes and (4) polypropylene syringes in a 'sham-infusion' technique, resulted in intermediate levels of insulin antibodies [(P less than 0.02) vs CSII; (P less than 0.005) vs BII]. Our data suggest that insulin immunogenicity is influenced by all four factors tested. We suggest that benefits of CSII therapy may be attenuated unless a best possible control of these factors is achieved.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue (Buserelin) treatment for central precocious puberty: a multi-centre trial.

A multi-centre open trial of Buserelin, a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) analogue, was conducted in 13 children with central precocious puberty. Eleven children (eight girls and three boys), aged 3.4-10.2 years at commencement, completed the required 12 month period of treatment. Initially all patients received the drug by intranasal spray in a dose of 1200 micrograms/day, but by the end of the 12 month period two were having daily subcutaneous injections and three were receiving an increased dose intranasally. The first month of treatment was associated in one boy with increased aggression and masturbation, and in the girls with an increase in the prevalence of vaginal bleeding. Thereafter, however, both behavioural abnormalities and menstruation were suppressed. Median bone age increased significantly during the study, but without any significant change in the ratio of height age to bone age. The median predicted adult height for the group therefore did not alter significantly over the twelve months of the study. Buserelin treatment caused a reduction in the peak luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) responses to LHRH, mostly to prepubertal levels, and also suppressed basal FSH. In the first weeks of treatment, the girls' serum oestradiol levels rose significantly and then fell to prepubertal or early pubertal levels. A similar pattern was seen for serum testosterone levels. Serum somatomedin-C levels, however, showed little fluctuation over the course of the study. Buserelin treatment was safe and well accepted, and offers the promise of improved linear growth potential in precocious puberty.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1988

A comparison of the effects of plasma exchange and immunoadsorption on anti-insulin antibody synthesis in rabbits.

Plasma exchange (PE) and ex vivo immunoadsorption (IA) may be applicable to the removal of anti-insulin antibodies (AI-Ab) from diabetic patients. However, the removal of antibodies may prompt an increase in their rate of synthesis and an overshoot of antibody levels which may be deleterious to the patient. The effects of both PE and IA on AI-Ab synthesis were studied in a rabbit model. Rabbits were immunized with insulin and the resulting AI-Abs removed by both plasma exchange and specific immunoadsorption. Following AI-Ab removal by PE no increase in AI-Ab synthesis or antibody overshoot occurred. However a large increase in AI-Ab synthesis and overshoot occurred following specific AI-Ab removal by immunoadsorption. Despite similar reductions in AI-Ab levels by PE and IA, no increase in antibody synthesis occurred due solely to antibody removal. It is likely that antigen released from the immunoadsorbent stimulated the increase in antibody synthesis following immunoadsorption. These findings are relevant to the clinical application of both PE and IA.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

The effect of immediate polyethylene glycol precipitation on free insulin measurements in diabetic patients with insulin antibodies.

Free insulin (FI) measurements obtained by polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation within 3 min of drawing the blood sample (FI3) from four insulin-treated diabetic subjects with a wide range of insulin antibodies were compared with published methods of FI estimation. Comparison of FI values obtained by PEG precipitation in assays of replicate samples of the same specimens (N = 9) stored at 4 degrees C for 24 h (EFI) and FI3 were 4.76 +/- 1.5 microU/ml (mean +/- SEM) and 17.13 +/- 4.7 microU/ml, respectively (P less than 0.005). Comparison of FI values obtained in six groups of replicate samples (N = 12, 18 per group, a total of 91 specimens) from these four patients assayed immediately after thawing to 18 degrees C, and incubated at 37 degrees C for 30, 60, and 120 min, and FI3 showed a significant difference in at least one of these four comparisons (mean +/- SEM) in each of these six sample groups. In 18 of 24 comparisons there was a loss of FI when stored samples were used with or without incubation (12 of these were significant at the P less than 0.05-0.001 level), but in 6 of the 24 comparisons there was an increase in the FI against FI3 (3 of these 6 significant at the P less than 0.05-0.01 level). There was a trend toward a greater loss of FI in stored samples with higher FI3 content. Loss of FI during incubation occurred in all groups irrespective of the FI3 content.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Chemical Precipitation↗
PubMed1985

A new application of plasma exchange in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.

An insulin dependent diabetic patient was resistant to all but central venous insulin administration. For this reason plasma exchange was tried and it restored insulin responsiveness. An anti-insulin IgG antibody was identified in the patient's plasma. Plasma exchange reduced antibody levels and these correlated with daily insulin requirements. Kinetic analysis of anti-insulin antibodies, however caused us to doubt that they were the sole cause of the problem. Although the mechanism remains unclear, plasmapheresis proved to be an effective method of treating this patient's insulin resistance.

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1↗
PubMed1984

Continuous nasogastric phosphorus infusion in hypophosphatemic rickets of prematurity.

Radiologic and biochemical abnormalities associated with nutritional hypophosphatemic rickets were discovered in a 945-g preterm infant despite daily supplementation with 800 to 1,600 IU of ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) and an elevated serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration. Vitamin D supplementation was stopped, and the rickets was corrected by phosphorus supplement alone with the use of a unique technique of long-term, continuous nasogastric phosphorus infusion. Normophosphatemia was rapidly achieved and effectively maintained. Hypocalcemia did not occur at rates of infusion of 100 mg of elemental phosphorus per day. The data are consistent with specific phosphorus deficiency as the cause of rickets in this infant, rather than insufficient vitamin D intake or disturbed vitamin D metabolism. We speculated that continuous phosphorus infusion prevents the intermittent hyperphosphatemia of bolus phosphorus supplement and that continuous phosphorus infusion may be useful in the treatment of other hypophosphatemic states of infancy.

Female↗
PubMed1969

Metabolism of D- and L-glyceraldehyde in adipose tissue: a stereochemical probe for glycerokinase activity.

Distributions of (14)C have been determined in free glycerol, in glycerol from triglycerides, in glucose from glycogen, and in lactate after incubation of d-glyceraldehyde-3-(14)C and l-glyceraldehyde-3-(14)C with rat adipose tissue. The distributions are interpreted in terms of presently accepted possible reactions for the initial metabolism of glyceraldehyde. Formation of glycerol-1-(14)C from d-glyceraldehyde-3-(14)C indicates that in adipose tissue glyceraldehyde is reduced to glycerol. Incorporation of (14)C from d-glyceraldehyde-3-(14)C into carbon 3 of the glycerol of triglyceride indicates that d-glyceraldehyde is either phosphorylated or oxidized to d-glyceric acid, or both, in its initial metabolism. Incorporation of (14)C from l-glyceraldehyde-3-(14)C into carbon 3 of glycerol indicates that l-glyceraldehyde is reduced to glycerol, which is phosphorylated and (or) converted to d-glyceric acid via l-glyceric acid. Some (14)C from l-glyceraldehyde-3-(14)C is incorporated into carbon 1 of glycerol of triglycerides and carbon 4 of glycogen; the explanation for this incorporation is uncertain.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Studies on arylfuran derivatives. Part VII. Synthesis and characterization of some Mannich bases carrying halophenylfuryl moieties as promising antibacterial agents.

A series of 4-[5-(halophenyl)-2-furfurylidene)] amino-3-mercapto-5-substituted-1,2,4-triazoles (3) were synthesized. Aminomethylation of 3 with formaldehyde and a secondary amine furnished Mannich bases, 4. Both Schiff bases and Mannich bases were characterized on the basis of IR, NMR, mass spectral data and elemental analysis. All the newly synthesized compounds were tested for their antibacterial activities. Some of them carrying morpholino and N-methylpiperazino residues were found to be promising antibacterial agents.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy for autoimmune diabetes mellitus.

OBJECTIVE: A variety of immune therapies have been used in an attempt to reduce the immune destruction of the insulin secreting beta cells which results in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). This study investigated the use of intravenous gammaglobulin therapy (IVIG) in children and adults with IDDM who participated in a two-year randomised controlled trial which also examined the effect of transfer factor in altering the natural course of IDDM. METHODS: Treatment was administered every two months for the duration of the study. IVIG was given in a dose of 2 g/ kg body weight in divided doses over two days. The other two groups received an intramuscular injection-the control group received normal saline and the transfer factor group received 1 i.u. of transfer factor. Remission rates, beta cell function and treatment side effects were assessed. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, IVIG therapy given every 2 months for 2 years, did not result in an increased number of complete remissions or differences in insulin dose, diabetes control or endogenous insulin secretion assessed as fasting and stimulated C-peptide responses to glucagon and a meal. IVIG therapy was associated with significant side effects. CONCLUSION: It is unlikely that IVIG therapy will be a viable option for immunotherapy in IDDM.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Studies on arylfuran derivatives- Part VIII. Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activities of some 1-aminomethyl-3-substituted-4-[5-(4-nitrophenyl-2-furfurylidene)] amino-1,2,4-triazole-5-thiones.

A series of 4-[5-(4-nitrophenyl-2-furfurylidene)]amino-5- mercapto-3-substituted-s-triazoles (3) and their Mannich bases (4) are synthesized. The structures of these compounds are established on the basis of elemental analysis, IR, NMR and mass spectral data. The newly synthesized compounds are screened for their antibacterial activities.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗