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Biomedical subjects

G Allen

Publications and source records attributed to G Allen.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
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Avoiding the fraud and abuse pitfalls.

In the current medical environment, long-standing and appropriate referral patterns among medical care providers may be scrutinized for possible violation of a technical provision of Medicare, the "anti-fraud and abuse statute." The physician can avoid misunderstanding by preparing and implementing a compliance program.

Fraud↗
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Particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, and pulmonary function in never-smoking adults in Chongqing, China.

Chongquing is one of the most polluted cities in China. To study the respiratory health effects of air pollution for this city, the authors monitored the ambient levels of particulate matter (PM2.5) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) in urban and suburban areas and performed pulmonary function testing on 1,075 adults 35 to 60 years of age who had never smoked and did not use coal stoves for cooking or heating. The mean concentration of SO2 in the urban areas (213 micrograms/m3) was twice as high as that in suburban areas (103 micrograms/m3). Mean PM2.5 levels were high in both urban (143 micrograms/m3) and suburban (139 micrograms/m3) areas. A generalized additive model was used to estimate the differences between the two areas in FEV1, FVC, and FEV1/FVC%, with adjustment for potential confounding factors, including sex, age, height, education, passive smoking, and occupational exposures to dust, gas, or fumes. Estimated differences in FEV1 between the urban and suburban areas were 199 mL (SE = 50 mL) for men and 87 mL (SE = 30 mL) for women, both statistically significant. When the men and women were pooled, the estimated difference in FEV1 was 126 mL (SE = 27 mL). Similar trends were observed for FVC and FEV1/FVC%. After exclusion of 104 subjects with histories of occupational exposures to dust, gas, or fumes, the estimated difference was some-what smaller than that of the total samples. However, the effects on FEV1 and FEV1/FVC% remained significant for both men and women.

Adult↗
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A comparison of a computer and pencil and paper assignment.

Colleges are challenged to provide students with diverse teaching-learning experiences. Educators who introduce new teaching-learning experiences must evaluate the outcomes of these experiences. Three faculty members instituted a new multimedia computer-based assignment for undergraduate nursing students enrolled in a pediatric clinical course and then evaluated their knowledge and satisfaction. Students were asked to design a computer program about peripherally inserted central catheters, and to complete tests and summaries. During two semesters, 45 students participated in the assignment. As compared to another group of students who were asked to participate in a pencil and paper independent study assignment, these students were more satisfied with their computer assignment. Students in both groups, however, produced thought-provoking work and improved their knowledge base about central catheters. In many ways, the results support the use of a computer assignment.

Adult↗
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Transesophageal echocardiography in the surgical management of renal cell carcinoma with intracardiac extension.

Renal cell carcinomas may extend into the vena cava and the tumor thrombus occasionally involves the right atrium. The operative approach depends upon precise preoperative and intraoperative staging and thrombus localization. We report a case of renal cell carcinoma with complete inferior vena caval and hepatic vein occlusion with tumor extension into the right atrium. Preoperatively, transesophageal echocardiography provided superior images of the tumor and its extension, and intraoperatively allowed continuous monitoring of cardiac function and the removal of tumor from the atrium and inferior vena cava. Its use obviated the need for more costly and invasive preoperative and intraoperative procedures.

Carcinoma, Renal Cell↗
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Recovery of Salmonella from shell eggs.

A preenrichment procedure and a direct selective enrichment procedure were compared for recovery of Salmonella artificially inoculated into liquid whole egg, egg yolk, and egg albumen. For liquid whole egg and egg yolk, the 2 procedures were comparable. With egg albumen, however, preenrichment in lactose broth gave significantly higher recoveries than did direct selective enrichment in either selenite cystine or tetrathlonate broths. The lactose preenrichment procedure was used to determine the survival of S. enteritidis in egg yolk and egg albumen over a period of 7 days. As shown by most probably number determinations, counts of S. enteritidis inoculated into egg albumen decreased by 3 log units, whereas those in egg yolk did not change significantly. It is recommended, therefore, that only the egg yolk be examined for this pathogen. In a comparison of 5 different preenrichment media (lactose broth, brain heart infusion broth, trypticase soy broth, buffered peptone water, and nutrient broth), lactose broth was somewhat less productive than the other 4 media for the recovery of Salmonella from egg yolks. Trypticase soy broth gave the highest recovery.

Culture Media↗
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Microbiological survey of selected imported spices and associated fecal pellet specimens.

A microbiological survey was performed on 4 selected imported spices: black peppercorns, white peppercorns, coriander, and fennel seed. Aerobic plate count values ranged from 10(4) to 10(7) colony-forming units (CFU)/g for black and white peppercorns and from 10(3) to 10(5) CFU/g for coriander and fennel seed. Combined results of the 3-tube most probable number procedure and the API 20E kit indicated the presence of Escherichia coli in 4 test samples of black peppercorns, 1 test sample of white peppercorns, and 1 test sample of coriander. Two test samples of black peppercorns were positive for Salmonella contamination. Among the various Enterobacteriaceae isolated from the spices, Enterobacter cloacae and Klebsiella pneumoniae were found most frequently in all spice types. Of 18 mammalian and avian fecal pellets removed from the spices and analyzed microbiologically, E. coli was found in only 2 pellet specimens. There was no apparent relationship between the enteric microflora found in spices and those found in the fecal pellets.

Animals↗
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Comparative circulating serum levels of mepivacaine with levo-nordefrin and lidocaine with epinephrien.

Expected blood levels of common local anesthetics have been reported for numerous types of injections. Comparative levels of mepivacaine and lidocaine after dental injection have been only partially evaluated. A study was designed to compare the circulating serum level of 36 mgs. of mepivacaine with 1:20,000 levonordefrin (M) and 36 mgs. of lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine (L) in 1.8 cc dental cartridges after standardized's bilateral maxillary infiltrations. Each of five subjects received 1.8 cc of (L) to the left maxillary second bicuspid and 1.8 cc of (M) to the right maxillary second bicuspid at a rate of one cc per minute. The serum was sampled before the injections and at 5, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 240 minute intervals after the injections and analyzed by gas liquid chromatography. The results indicated that the serum level of (M) peaked at 30 minutes, 0.37 μg/ml of serum and (L) had peaks at 15 and 30 minutes, 0.22 μg/ml of serum. This difference was statistically significant, (p <.01) at all times sampled with (M) always resulting in a higher serum level. Serum levels persisted throughout the four hour test period.

Adult↗