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Biomedical subjects

G Albert

Publications and source records attributed to G Albert.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

[Experiences with follow-up investigations of oral vaccination campaigns against rabies in foxes in Saxony with special emphasis on a standardised serology].

An 8-year experience with organisation and standardisation of follow-up investigations within oral vaccination campaigns against rabies in foxes (OVF) in Saxony is summarised. With respect to OVF, the number of diagnostic tests performed during the years 1992-2000 on foxes amounts to a total of 52,226 Fluorescence antibody-(FAT), 7,551 marker-(TC) and 11,645 serological tests. The mean bait-uptake and the mean immunisation rate in foxes ranged between 78-86% and 60-89%, respectively. Based on the seroconversion rates of the years 1997-2000 observed in vaccination areas and in areas where vaccination was already finished, experience with a standardised serology under routine conditions is presented and discussed. Furthermore, recommendations concerning organisation and logistics of sampling are given.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2001

Recombinant human superoxide dismutase enhances the effect of inhaled nitric oxide in persistent pulmonary hypertension.

We investigated the pulmonary vascular effects of superoxide dismutase (SOD) alone and in combination with inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) in newborn lambs with persistent pulmonary hypertension (PPHN) following prenatal ligation of the ductus arteriosus. In in vitro experiments, pretreatment with SOD significantly enhanced vascular relaxation in response to the NO donor S-nitrosyl-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) in fifth-generation pulmonary arteries isolated from lambs with PPHN. In vivo treatment of fully instrumented newborn lambs with a single intratracheal dose of recombinant human CuZn SOD (rhSOD; 5 mg/kg) produced selective dilation of the pulmonary circulation. Further studies, of the combination of rhSOD and iNO, showed enhancement of the pulmonary vascular effects of iNO after brief periods of inhalation of 5 ppm and 80 ppm NO. We conclude that rhSOD reduces pulmonary vascular resistance and facilitates the action of iNO in a lamb model of PPHN. This suggests that rhSOD may prove to be an effective adjunctive treatment for newborns with PPHN.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed2001

Characterization of virus-induced interferon-gamma responses in mice previously infected with murine cytomegalovirus.

These studies demonstrate that in vitro stimulation of spleen cells from murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) immune mice with MCMV-infected fibroblasts induces production of interferon (IFN)-gamma. This response is specific to MCMV, is not generalized to heterologous viruses, and also is not H-2 restricted. Both early and late CMV antigens induce IFN-gamma. In in vitro cell depletion and direct cell selection experiments, T lymphocytes were responsible for IFN-gamma production. Although both CD4 and CD8 cells appear to be required to induce the response, the cell subset that releases the IFN-gamma is not yet undefined. In vivo, this IFN-gamma response appears early after acute infection and persists > or =1 year. The response is not seen in T cell-deficient mice. Thus, previous MCMV infection results in a virus-specific IFN-gamma response in spleen cells exposed to MCMV antigens. The pathophysiologic significance of these observations is now under study.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1998

Training in community psychiatry: new opportunities.

The authors describe the impact on training that accompanied an assignment of senior (PGY-4) residents to work one-half day each week for a six month period at a community-based agency concerned with the care of persons with severe and persistent mental illness who were formerly homeless. As the goals and methods of psychiatric training are rethought and adapt to programmatic shifts and economic pressures, new opportunities open up to move treatment and training to the "front lines" in the community where an innovative therapeutic armamentarium for persons with severe and chronic mental illness is developing.

Community Mental Health Services↗
PubMed1998

Cell wall active antifungal compounds produced by the marine fungus Hypoxylon oceanicum LL-15G256. III. Biological properties of 15G256 gamma.

15G256 gamma is a cyclic lipopeptide antifungal agent discovered in a mechanism of action screen for cell wall acting antifungal agents. The compound shows moderate activity in both greenhouse tests against plant disease caused by pathogenic fungi and in in vitro tests against human fungal pathogens. Microscopic examination of treated fungi suggests that the compound acts by the inhibition of cell wall biosynthesis. However, in vitro inhibition of Neurospora crassa glucan and chitin synthase were only observed at high drug concentrations suggesting that 15G256 gamma may act on a novel cell wall target.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed1996

High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of tazobactam and piperacillin in human plasma and urine.

A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method with ultraviolet (UV) absorbance was developed for the analysis of piperacillin-tazobactam (tazocillin), in plasma and urine. The detection was performed at 218 nm for tazobactam and 222 nm for piperacillin. The procedure for assay of these two compounds in plasma and of piperacillin in urine involves the addition of an internal standard (ceftazidime for tazobactam and benzylpenicillin for piperacillin) followed by a treatment of the samples with acetonitrile and chloroform. To quantify tazobactam in urine, diluted samples were analysed using a column-switching technique without internal standard. The HPLC column, LiChrosorb RP-select B, was equilibrated with an eluent mixture composed of acetonitrile-ammonium acetate (pH 5). The proposed technique is reproducible, selective, and reliable. The method has been validated, and stability tests under various conditions have been performed. Linear detector responses were observed for the calibration curve standards in the ranges 5-60 micrograms/ml for tazobactam, and 1-100 micrograms/ml for piperacillin and spans what is currently though to be the clinically relevant range for tazocillin concentrations in body fluids. The limit of quantification was 3 micrograms/ml for tazobactam and 0.5 microgram/ml for piperacillin in plasma and urine. Extraction recoveries from plasma proved to be more than 85%. Precision, expressed as C.V., was in the range 0.4-18%.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1990

[Use of pit and fissure sealants in private practice: the Quebec situation].

This paper presents data collected in March of 1989 from a sample of dentists practicing in the province of Quebec. A survey was mailed to dentists in order to determine to what degree sealants are used and the various characteristics relative to the dentists in question. Other questions related to how dentists obtained information about sealants, the difficulties encountered with their application and the problems relative to their use by the dental profession. The results indicate that nearly three quarters of Quebec dentists use sealants at least sometimes. This level of usage is comparable to American findings. A dentist is more likely to use sealants, if he is a recent graduate, a female dentist, and in a child-oriented group practice. A high proportion of dentists (2/3) use sealants selectively (in less than 25% of their patients). According to the dentists surveyed, the main obstacle to using sealants is the lack of coverage by the government dental program and the public's ignorance of the benefits of sealants. Most dentists who admitted never trying sealants, reported that they simply preferred to place an amalgam filling. In general, dentists knew the indications for sealants and had a positive attitude relative to their use.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1989

[In vivo retention of KOH soluble and firmly bound fluoride in demineralized dental enamel].

Cylindrical enamel blocks with initial carious lesions were treated for one hour with Duraphat or Fluor-Protector. After removal of the fluoride varnishes the enamel blocks were kept in the mouths of 3 probands for 5 days. Plaque was allowed to accumulate on half of the enamel cylinders, while the other half was kept clean. Part of the enamel cylinders were retained as fluoridated controls. Compared with Duraphat the application of Fluor-Protector resulted in a significantly higher uptake of KOH soluble and firmly bound fluoride. During the 5 days of the experiment the amount of KOH soluble fluorides decreased in both groups. In the presence of plaque the fluoride loss was higher. The amount of firmly bound fluoride increased both in the plaque covered and in the clean enamel. The durable cariostatic effect of fluoridated varnishes seems to be due to the slow dissolution of Ca F2-like precipitates on the enamel surface and the concomitant fluoride uptake in the underlying demineralized enamel.

Dental Caries↗
PubMed1986

The immunohistochemical distribution of collagens type IV, V, VI and of laminin in the human oral mucosa.

The distribution of collagens type V (form AB2) and VI was investigated on cryostat sections of normal human oral mucosa by indirect immunofluorescence. For comparison, antibodies to fragments of type IV collagen and laminin were also used to delineate basement membrane containing structures. All antibodies used were raised against human proteins. Type V collagen appeared as a microfibrillar structure throughout the interstitium, apparently touching but not being present within epithelial or vascular basement membranes. Microfibrils in blood vessel walls were limited to the intimal layer. Pericellular areas were not specifically stained. Type VI collagen appeared as an almost amorphous stromal structure becoming more prominent and more fibrillar in the upper connective tissue papillae. Intense staining was observed in the media of blood vessels and around smooth muscle cells. A possible role of type VI collagen in tissue stabilization may be expected from this ubiquitous and abundant distribution. The findings identify types V and VI collagen as important structures in the oral mucosa and serve as a basis for understanding morbid changes.

Antibody Specificity↗
PubMed1985

Oral and dental development in X chromosome aneuploidy.

Though frequently noted, orofacial anomalies in poly X syndromes have been seldom reviewed. In a study of patients with an X chromosome aneuploidy (XXXXX, XXXX, XXXXY, XXXY) the following facial and dental defects were found to be characteristic features of these syndromes: mainly bifid uvula and macroglossia, enamel defects, dental taurodontism and abnormal roots. These observations are discussed in the light of the possible role of X-linked genes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Sonography of the thyroid gland. Volume determination and morphologic correlation of echo and tissue structures].

The volume of 15 autopsied thyroid glands was determined by fluid displacement and compared with their sonographically obtained stereometric volumes. Maximum variation was 8.6%. Thyroid volumes were measured by ultrasound in 100 volunteers between ages 15 and 36. Total mean value was 19.8 ml. with a mean value of 22.1 ml. in the male group and 17.8 ml. in the female group. 20 volunteers had an additional scintigraphic examination. The thyroid volumes estimated by scintiscanning differed up to 85% with the volume measurements from sonography. Sonography scans were obtained from 6 autopsied thyroid glands and compared with the corresponding tissue slices. Tissue structures were reproduced with great accuracy by ultrasound.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Role of the genes in odontogenesis].

The authors suggest a genetic model of dental development. This model is based on chromosomal mapping of genes involved in odontogenesis. The role of X and Y chromosomes is updated.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1983

[Endocarditis caused by Candida parapsilosis (para-krusei)].

This paper describes a case of Candida Parapsilosis endocarditis in a patient with a mitral valve prosthesis implanted two years previously. This history started with a cerebrovascular accident associated with pyrexia. A complex medico-surgical therapeutic approach controlled the infection. This consisted of systemic and local (immersion of the prosthesis) antifungal therapy, bathing the left heart chambers in 5 p. 100 iodine solution and two valve replacements at 8 months intervals. The second surgery was not related to recurrence of the candida infection but to a perivalvular leak attributed to the insertion of the prosthesis into tissues inflamed by recent infection. Despite the improvement in the prognosis of fungal infection due to an early surgical approach, it is still essential to try and prevent the disease, the mortality rate still being over 80 p. 100. It is essential to be very careful when using intravenous catheters and aerosols; the indications of antibiotherapy must also be respected.

Candidiasis↗