The validation study and factorial analysis of the Beck's hopelessness scale is presented. Two groups were compared including patients suffering from depression (n = 100) and a control group (n = 93). Age and sex were comparable in the two groups. The hopelessness scale is valid, and differentiates depressive patients from control subjects. The scale has a good reliability (test-retest, r = .81) and a good internal consistency (alpha = .97) for depressive subjects and alpha = .79 for control subjects). It also shows a good concurrent validity with other scales assessing depressive cognitions, the automatic thoughts questionnaire, the dysfunctional attitudes scale (form A) and a scale assessing the suicidal risk (ERSD). No concurrent validity is found with scales assessing the intensity of depression, the Beck depression inventory and the Hamilton scale. The factorial analysis elicits a general factor, accounting for 38.15% of the variance, and reflecting negative feelings about the future. The study of all the factorial analysis shows the stability of the factorial structure.

Adult↗

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[Multiple cranial neuritis and polyneuritis of the legs in Horton's disease].

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Aged↗

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[Attacks of acute headache (author's transl)].

Acute headaches are in most cases significant symptoms or premonitary signs of a neurological condition. From a semiological point of view, they may be: (i) isolated, (ii) associated with neurological symptoms (ophtalmoplegia, hemiplegia, hemianesthesia...). From an etiological point of view, the haemorragic conditions are predominant (30%): encephalic vascular malformation with or without subarachnoidal haemorragia (21%), subarachnoidal haemorragia without malformation (6%) and subdural haematoma (3%). Two types of conditions are also frequently observed: ischemic attacks (22,3%) and inflammatory meningeal syndromes (12%). Rare cases with hypophyseal adenomas, ischemic attacks under oestro-progestative treatment, accidents of mono-amine-oxydase inhibitors and multiple sclerosis are observed. 23,8% of the cases remained without any precise diagnosis. One of the interesting points in the acute headache issue is the possibility of discovering an encephalic vascular malformation without any important bleeding and, therefore, good conditions for surgery.

Acute Disease↗

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[Selective study of sulfate and glucuronide conjugates of urinary MHPG in nervous depression. Peripheral and central influences].

The determination of urinary MHPG (3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl glycol) has been extensively performed to confirm the noradrenergic hypothesis of some depressions. However, owing to the double origin, central and peripheral, of this norepinephrine metabolite, the validity of total MHPG assay as an index of central noradrenergic activity may be challenged. MHPG exists in human urine in two conjugated forms, at equal amounts: sulfate and glucuronide. A number of arguments suggest that MHPG sulfate and MHPG glucuronide respectively reflect central and peripheral norepinephrine metabolism. In this work, we have selectively estimated both MHPG conjugates in 24 h-urine samples of 36 severely depressed women in view to assess the extent and frequency of central or/and peripheral norepinephrine dysfunction. On the basis of MHPG sulfate and glucuronide values, we conclude that in the examined population (6 endogenous, 19 neurotic, 11 reactive depressions) about 80% of patients exhibited a central NE functional deficit, and many of them had also a diminished sympathetic activity. Clinical symptoms related to psychic factors (melancholia) or associated to sympathetic activity changes (anxiety, retardation) respectively alter sulfate or glucuronide MHPG excretion. These data altogether validate the concept of the independent origin of the two MHPG conjugated and show that their selective assay is able to provide a more satisfactory reflection of the psychobiological state in depressed patients than total MHPG determination.

Adult↗

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