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Biomedical subjects

G Aimard

Publications and source records attributed to G Aimard.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Giant thrombosed aneurysm of the left vertebral artery developing in the fourth ventricle].

A case of giant, thrombosed, non haemorrhagic aneurysm of the distal portion of the left vertebral artery is reported. The patient came to medical attention with an acute cervical pain after a minimal cervical traumatism and a diagnosis of torticollis from rheumatologic cause was made. In fact, a few weeks before, he had suffered three episodes of right homonymous hemianopsia. Subsequently, hiccup, vomiting, orthostatic dizziness with postural hypotension appeared, suggesting a medullary lesion. CT scan showed a round, heterogeneous high-density lesion near the fourth ventricle. Angiography was normal. MRI showed an oval mass in the fourth ventricle, between the medulla and the cerebellum. Surgery found an aneurysm of the end of the left vertebral artery.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Hydrocephalus and brainstem tumor of late manifestation].

We report two clinico-pathological cases with an initially hidden brainstem tumour presenting as chronic hydrocephalus of "idiopathic type". Diagnosis was established respectively one and two years after a successful shunting procedure, as repeated CT scan was performed because of gait deterioration. The first case was a bifocal glioblastoma invading the leptomeninges of the posterior fossa and spinal cord, and resulting in a communicating hydrocephalus. The second case was an ependymoma of the fourth ventricle leading to e non-communicating hydrocephalus. Rarity of such cases is emphasized.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Magnetic resonance imaging in familial paroxysmal ataxia.

A magnetic resonance imaging study was performed in three symptomatic members of two families with a diagnosis of acetazolamide-responsive familial paroxysmal ataxia. A selective atrophy of the cerebellar vermis, mostly of the anterior part, was demonstrated in the three cases. The first ample documentation of a neuroanatomical abnormality in this condition was achieved in this study.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[The Parsonage-Turner syndrome and similar diseases. 29 cases].

Twenty nine cases of acute inflammatory brachial neuropathy were collected from 1969 to 1985. Only five cases could be considered as definite Parsonage Turner's "shoulder girdle" syndrome. The twenty four other cases were atypical with respect to this entity and were classified as symptomatic, evolutive, biological and/or associated forms. Symptomatic variants were present in twenty cases, consisting in distal or global motor deficit, or in painlessness. Evolution was atypical in four cases, with no recovery of motor deficit or relapsing course. Thirteen cases had abnormal CSF, usually with increase of protein content. Association with cutaneous manifestations or systemic diseases was found in nine cases. Beyond their individual differences, these twenty nine cases shared a common general profile of clinical presentation and evolution. This led to recognize the nosological relationships of these atypical cases with Parsonage-Turner's syndrome and to emphasize the similarities with Guillain-Barré syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[HLA and narcolepsy. Apropos of 28 cases including 2 negative HLA-DR2].

Association between narcolepsy and HLA-DR2 antigen is the strongest so far described between an HLA antigen and a disease. Among 28 narcoleptic patients, we found two HLA-DR2 negative cases: a caucasoid woman also suffering from dystrophia myotonica and a negroid. All of our patients were HLA-DQW1 positive. An hypothetical narcolepsy susceptibility gene could be located in the HLA region, closer to the DQ than to the DR gene. It could be a pathologic allele of a sleep controlling gene in linkage disequilibrium with DQW1. Presence of DQW1 is a quasi-requisite for the expression of narcolepsy. It is not sufficient as it is observed in 70 p. 100 of controls.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Hypothalamic insufficiency following irradiation. Late, subacute and curable dementia].

A 31 year-old patient suffered from a subacute and major dementia, sixty months after whole brain irradiation with 54 grays for a pinealoma. Clinical features and biological investigations led to a diagnosis of hypothalamic insufficiency. A dramatic clinical recovery followed therapy with hydrocortisone and thyroxine. An hypothalamic radionecrosis and a vascular mechanism are presumed.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Dexamethasone suppression test in psychiatric pathology].

The dexamethasone suppression test (DST) has been used in psychiatric pathology for about 10 years. Carroll et al. consider this test to be specific of endogenous depression. According to these, and many other authors, approximately 55% of patients with endogenous depression show a positive response to the test, whereas a positive response is observed in only 4% of normal subjects or patients with psychiatric disorders other than major depressive disorders. The DST was performed in 162 psychiatric inpatients (5 with organic disease, 28 with schizophrenic disorders, 17 with major affective disorders, 5 with obsessive compulsive disorders, 103 with dysthymic disorders and 4 unclassified). Dexamethasone (1 mg) was administered orally at 11 p.m., and plasma cortisol concentration was measured the following day at 16 p.m. Response to the test was positive in 53% of patients with major affective disorders, 25% of those with schizophrenic disorders, 60% with obsessive compulsive disorders and 18% with dysthymic disorders. There was no statistical difference in the results according to age, sex ratio, family history of depression or duration of the disorders. Only two variables were close to the P less than 0.05 level of statistical significance: severity of the disorders and early morning awakening. DST sensitivity, therefore, would appear to be about 50% in major affective disorders, but this test is not specific as it may also be positive in other psychiatric disorders. A positive dexamethasone suppression test may be regarded as a sign of severity of psychiatric disorders.

Depressive Disorder↗
PubMed1987

[South-Eastern France, a high risk area for multiple sclerosis?].

A questionnaire-based prevalence study was conducted in the Chalon-sur-Saône and Avignon areas, in the Rhône-Saône valley, France, to determine the frequency of multiple sclerosis. These areas are 300 km apart and lie on the 47 degrees and 44 degrees North parallels respectively. Age-adjusted prevalence rates on March 20, 1984 were 58.5 and 48.6 per 100,000 inhabitants respectively. There was no significant difference between the two areas. These preliminary data suggest that south-eastern France, as represented by Avignon, may fall within the high risk area for multiple sclerosis.

France↗
PubMed1986

[Occurrence of tardive dyskinesia during neuroleptic treatment].

The incidence of tardive dyskinesia under neuroleptic treatment is diversely estimated. The effectiveness of anticholinergics in its prevention is under discussion. Among 52 patients treated with neuroleptics for more than 5 years (mean: 9 years) only 2 developed tardive dyskinesia, and the disorder was transient in each case. The low doses of neuroleptic drugs administered and their systematic association with anticholinergics seem to be partly responsible for this low incidence of tardive dyskinesia.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Ineffectiveness of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in multiple sclerosis. A randomized placebo-controlled double-blind study].

Seventeen patients with definite and progressive multiple sclerosis entered a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled therapeutic trial of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO). Exposure in monoplace chamber was 90 minutes long each time, 5 days a week, for 4 weeks. The treatment and placebo groups received 100% oxygen at 1.5 bar constant pressure or normal air at 0.1-0.2 bar, respectively. The clinical status of the patients in both groups were compared until one year after treatment. There was no benefit of HBO versus placebo according to the Kurtzke disability status scale. A lesser proportion of patients with deterioration of bowel/bladder function 12 months after therapy was the only benefit of HBO versus placebo according to Kurtzke functional systems scales. On the whole however, HBO is useless in the management of progressive forms of multiple sclerosis.

Double-Blind Method↗
PubMed1986

Plasma cells in cerebrospinal fluid and multiple sclerosis: diagnostic yield and clinicobiological correlations.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytocentrifugation was performed for plasma cells' demonstration in parallel with white cell count (WCC) and quantitative protein assays. Over a 5-year period, 154 consecutive multiple sclerosis (MS) patients were studied and compared to 28 other inflammatory neurological disease, 85 non-inflammatory neurological disease and 29 non-neurological disease cases. CSF cytology was easy to perform, gave definitive results within 2 h and was abnormal in 80 MS patients, 26 of whom had a normal WCC. Its sensitivity in MS was 0.57, i.e. higher than for WCC (0.45) but lower than for IgG index (0.70) and IgG synthesis rate (0.71). Its specificity was 0.86, not significantly different from specificity of WCC, IgG index and IgG synthesis rate. Plasma cells demonstration in MS CSF was neither a disease activity nor a prognosis marker. It was significantly correlated with pleiocytosis and intrathecal IgG synthesis. If these morphologically defined plasma cells are actual B cells, they could represent circulating individuals of the lymphocyte clones active in MS plaques and have a pathogenetic significance.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Oligoclonal "fingerprint" of CSF IgG in multiple sclerosis patients is not modified following intrathecal administration of natural beta-interferon.

The IgG pattern in CSF was studied in 11 patients with multiple sclerosis who exhibited an oligoclonal banding upon thin-layer polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing followed by silver stain of unconcentrated CSF. Each patient received beta-interferon intrathecally during a 2 month period. No modification was observed over a 6 month period. In addition, the oligoclonal pattern was remarkably unique for each individual representing a typical "fingerprint" which allowed the identification of any single CSF.

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel↗
PubMed1986

[Paralysis of downward gaze and chronic global amnesia as a result of a bilateral thalamo-subthalamic lesion].

A 47 year-old male was found in coma and upon awakening 36 hours later, he showed a selective paralysis of downward gaze and convergence associated to an intellectual impairment. He was euphoric, unconcerned, poorly attentive, and had a severe amnesia for both anterograde and retrograde material. CT scan and NMR demonstrated a bilateral lacunar lesion of thalamic and subthalamic paramedian region. Over the 5 years follow-up, behavioral, personality and amnestic changes remained. On the other hand, supranuclear gaze paralysis improved as documented by EOG recordings with persisting limitations in voluntary down movements amplitude and dramatic reduction of fast components velocity.

Amnesia↗