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Biomedical subjects

G Adler

Publications and source records attributed to G Adler.

At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

[Quantitative investigations of the structure and function of the intestinal mucosa in endoscopically obtained biopsy material. Findings in patients with coeliac disease, patients with partially resected small intestine in Crohn's disease and in patients with small intestine resection for other reasons (author's transl)].

During an endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract, biopsy material of the small intestine was obtained and structure and function of the small intestinal mucosa was investigated. The data were then compared with published results, gained by normally performed blind biopsy techniques. For that the findings of three groups of patients (1. patients with coeliac disease [9], 2, patients with ileal resection due to ileitis terminalis Crohn [9], 3. patients with partially resection of the small intestine due to other reasons [4]) were compared with healthy controls (10). The results indicate that obtaining small intestinal biopsy material endoscopically enables a valid characterization of differentiated properties of the small bowel mucosa. The data of the patients with coeliac disease are in complete agreement with the criteria of this syndrome, published in the literature. On the other hand the results of the group with partial resection of the small intestine resection (without chronic inflammatory bowel disease) show all signs of adaptive mucosal hyperplasia of the remaining small intestine. However, patients with Crohn's disease did not show any adaptive response to small bowel resection.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1979

Course and spontaneous regression of acute pancreatitis in the rat.

Rat exocrine pancreatic function was studied structurally and biochemically after the in vivo production of actue interstitial pancreatitis by supramaximal stimulation with caerulein. Two major phases in the reaction of the gland were observed: During the first two days after cessation of the supramaximal stimulation a progressive infiltration of the interstitium and the pancreatic tissue with polymorphonuclear leucocytes, lymphocytes and macrophages occurred which led to further destruction of the gland and to decreased functional response. From two days after the cessation of the treatment, hypertrophy of centro-acinar cells and an increased rate of mitotic activity indicated regeneration of the pancreas. This was combined with an accelerated in vitro discharge of newly synthesized proteins over a period of four days. Between days three and six after the initial treatment mitotic activity was also observed in fully differentiated exocrine cells. Total structural and functional recovery of the pancreas was achieved nine to tweleve days after the cessation of the supramaximal stimulation.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

Experimental studies of apocrine secretion in the dorsal prostate epithelium of the rat.

Rat dorsal prostate epithelium was studied in intact adult animals, in animals castrated for three days and in rats after inhibition of prolactin secretion. Thin sections, electron-microscopic autoradiographs and freeze-fracture replicas were used to analyze the process of apocrine secretion in this gland. The rough endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus of the secretory cells are well developed, but secretory granules are absent. The only sign indicating release of secretory material is the appearance of blebs originating from the apical plasma membrane. Freeze-fracture replicas of the apical plasma membrane reveal that the blebs develop randomly from the bases of microvilli-like protrusions. In vitro pulse labeling of the proteins using 3H-leucine resulted in a labeling of the apical blebs. A post-castration period of three days was sufficient to reduce drastically the number and size of the apical blebs conhree weeks by application of lisuride, a synthetic ergot alkaloid, also induced regressive changes in the secretory cells. The apical blebs were still present, but they were shrunken and their content appeared condensed. These experimental conditions proved that the apical blebs are closely related to the functional activity of the cells and are interpreted as true apocrine secretion in the rat dorsal epithelium.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The psychotherapy of schizophrenia: Semrad's contributions to current psychoanalytic concepts.

Elvin Semrad's contributions to the understanding and psychotherapy of schizophrenia are described. The author defines the principles that guided Semrad in his theoretical understanding of schizophrenic patients, and elaborates the practical application of these principles. Semrad's contributions are related to recent work by Winnicott and Kohut on the holding environment and on the self-object and narcissistic transferences. The author's formulations about the relationship of schizophrenic regressions to borderline and narcissistic personalities, and the relevance of Semrad's work to these concepts, are reviewed.

Anger↗
PubMed1979

Effects of adrenergic beta-blockers and a membrane stabilizing agent on ouabain-induced cardiac arrhythmias in anaesthetized guinea pigs.

The antiarrhythmic effects of dl'propranolol, d-propranolol, metoprolol and lidocaine against ouabain-induced cardiac arrhythmias were studied. It was found that contrary to earlier findings in the dog, the effects of the adrenergic beta-blockers against ouabain-arrhythmias in guinea pigs were due to beta-blocking activity and not the membrane-stabilizing activity of the compounds. The cardioselective beta-blocker, metoprolol, was more or equally effective as dl-propranolol against ouabain-induced arrhythmias in guinea pigs.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1979

Inhibition and facilitation of lacrimal flow by beta-adrenergic drugs.

The effects of adrenergic beta-stimulating and beta-blocking compounds on tear flow were studied in conscious rabbits with a modified Schirmer technique. The tear flow was significantly increased by the unselective beta-adrenergic agonist isoprenaline and by the selective beta1-agonist H 80/62 (racemic Prenalterol, Hässle, Sweden). The effects of the agonists were blocked by the unselective beta-adrenergic antagonist propranolol (Inderal) and by the selective beta1-antagonist metoprolol (Seloken, Lopressor). The experimental data favoured the hypothesis that the beta-receptors involved in the regulation of the tear flow were of the beta1-type. The anatomical location of these beta-receptors is at present unclear but in vitro experiments performed on the rabbit lacrimal glands indicated that the receptors were probably not located on cholinergic nerve-endings as the release of acetylcholine was not influenced by isoprenaline.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1979

The myth of the alliance with borderline patients.

The author questions the concept of a therapeutic alliance in the psychotherapy of patients with borderline and narcissistic personality disorders. The motivating elements in their treatment are the emerging, sustaining transferences, which also allow the patients to appreciate the real qualities of their therapist. As they internalize aspects of their interactions with the therapist, including the therapist's real characteristics that are lacking in themselves, the patients gradually develop the capacity to work collaboratively with him or her. When a solid therapeutic alliance is established, the patients have reached a neurotic level of functioning.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Polypoid gastric heterotopy of the small intestine in a patient with primary hyperparathyroidism and alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency belonging to a MEA-family. With particular reference to the ultrastructure of the epithelial cells.

A patient with a solitary polypoid gastric heterotopy in the jejunum and severe bleeding as a complication is described. Previous reports on this rare disorder and the conditions of its development are discussed. The patient belongs to a family with multiple endocrine adenomatosis (MEA), some members of which had an alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency. The association between the familial disease and the gastric heterotopy in this case might be another argument for the assumed congenital nature of the latter. The polyp was studied by means of light and electron microscopy. It was mostly lined by fundic mucosa and only partially by antral mucosa. Focal foveolar hyperplasia, cysts and lymphoplasmacellular infiltration of the mucosa are regarded as secondary tissue alteration. Parietal cells, chief and endocrine cells were identified. The parietal cells were in the nonsecreting state and appeared in two distinct forms which are described in detail.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Aloneness and borderline psychopathology: the possible relevance of child development issues.

The experience of intense painful aloneness is a common event in the lives of borderline patients, especially those closer to the psychotic spectrum. This experience is defined as an intrinsic aspect of the borderline personality defect and consists of a relative or total inability to remember positive images or fantasies of sustaining people in the patient's present or past life, or being overwhelmed by negative memories and images of these people. The development of borderline aloneness is related to a possible developmental failure, defined by Piaget, Fraiberg, and A.-M. Sandler. These workers describe the child's development of object permanence and evocative memory capacity (Piaget's sensori-motor stage VI). We postulate that a major borderline vulnerability is the tenuous achievement of the capacity for affective object permanence and its regressive loss to recognition memory or earlier when under specific stresses. We relate our hypotheses to possible empathic parental failures during the substages of separation-individuation, especially the rapprochement sub-phase. The treatment implications of our formulations are discussed, with an emphasis on the clarification of the need for the therapist's availability and the use of transitional objects during times of the patient's loss of his affective cognitive capacities. These regressive experiences often emerge as a core transference manifestation during psychoanalytic therapy with borderline patients, and often become the basis of significant therapeutic work.

Child Development↗
PubMed1978

Amino acid transport in the rat exocrine pancreas. III. Effect of maximal and supramaximal hormonal stimulation in vivo.

Amino acid transport and incorporation have been studied in vitro in rat pancreatic lobules after maximal and supramaximal hormonal stimulation with caerulein. Incorporation into proteins was increased already after 30 and 120 min of maximal stimulation, but was decreased after the infusion of a supramaximal dose. Uptake of neutral amino acids was monitored using labeled leucine and alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB). In the case of leucine the free pool was consistently reduced after maximal stimulation, while supramaximal doses led to an increase which could be potentiated by the addition of 2mM tetracaine. Using AIB, a significant increase in the intracellular pool was observed after maximal stimulation, conversely a decrease after supramaximal stimulation. Release of labeled leucine and AIB from preloaded lobules during incubation in the cold was significantly reduced after maximal secretory stimulation, but was found enhanced by 200 to 300 percent after supramaximal stimulation. No fine structural alterations at junctional complexes or at both the lateral and luminal plasma membranes were observed after maximal stimulation except an increased number of exocytotic figures at the luminal face. However, supramaximal stimulation led to progressive rarefaction of the tight junctional network and disintegration of the gap junctions. Concomitantly, an equal distribution of membrane particles on both faces of the plasma membrane together with a random occurrence of exocytotic figures were observed.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1978

Studies on secretory glycoproteins in the rat exocrine pancreas. III. Intracellular transport of fucose-labeled proteins as studied by cell fractionation.

The transcellular movement of fucosylated glycoproteins has been studied in vitro using rat pancreatic lobules and cell fractionation procedures, and has been compared with the well established pathway of secretory proteins. Using tritiated leucine as pulse label for the latter, their translocation from the rough endoplasmatic reticulum into the Golgi complex and finally into zymogen granules could be followed. In the case of glycoproteins, 14C-fucose was incorporated mainly into the smooth microsomal fraction (representative of the Golgi complex) and only one third of this specific activity was transported into the zymogen granule fraction. A detailed analysis of this fraction after separation of the content of zymogen granules from their membranes revealed a predominant labeling of membrane glycoproteins by 14C-fucose. In comparison, leucine-labeled bulk proteins were found almost exclusively in the zymogen granule content fraction, with little radioactivity in the membrane fraction. The data indicate a concomitant synthesis of fucosylated glycoproteins destined in part for the zymogen granule membrane and to a greater amount associated with the smooth microsomal fraction. The results are discussed in the light of recent findings indicating that about 40% of the proteins in the zymogen granule membrane are made up of one major glycoprotein which could be involved in the mechanism of exocytosis.

Amylases↗
PubMed1977

Effect of glucagon on the secretory process in the rat exocrine pancreas.

Glucagon was infused into conscious rats in doses of 10 to 80 microgram/h for periods up to 24 h. The effect on the secretory process of the exocrine pancreas was studied in vitro using isolated pancreatic lobules. A pronounced inhibition of the rate of protein synthesis and discharge of stored and newly synthesized proteins combined with increased enzyme content in the pancreas were observed after 30 min infusion. This effect was absent after longer infusion periods of up to six hours. After 12 to 24 h infusions a marked degranulation and decrease in enzyme content was observed. While the rate of protein synthesis was not significantly enhanced, both the basal and stimulated discharge of enzymes from the pancreas were increased. The results suggest a biphasic response of the pancreas to prolonged glucagon infusion.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Learning child psychiatry skills on the adult inpatient service.

Integration of child psychiatry training into general psychiatric residency programs is often unsuccessful. The authors describe an innovative model of training in child psychiatry that involves the children of adult inpatients. This model offers several advantages: splitting of child-adult psychiatric training is avoided, child diagnostic and evaluative skills tend to be learned rapidly, preventive orientations develop, and family process is both learned and used. Preliminary experience with this model on two inpatient services suggests that it is both didactically effective and economical in child psychiatry staff hours.

Adolescent↗