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Biomedical subjects

G Adler

Publications and source records attributed to G Adler.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Increases in plasma digitalis-like factor activity during insulin-induced hypoglycemia.

Digitalis-like factor (DLF) appears to be widely distributed throughout the body, and has been specifically localized to the mammalian hypothalamus. In this study we monitored the DLF response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in 11 normal males. Hypoglycemia was associated with a significant increase in serum DLF activity over basal values (40 +/- 5 pg digoxin Eq/ml, mean +/- SEM) at 60 min (83 +/- 8 pg digoxin Eq/ml) and 90 min (86 +/- 10 pg digoxin Eq/ml) following insulin administration (p less than 0.01). We measured the DLF response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in other men after infusion of hypertonic saline (n = 8) or after oral water-loading (n = 8). Saline infusion (0.06 ml 5% saline/kg BW/min for 120 min prior to insulin infusion) or water loading (20 ml/kg BW over 60 min completed 30 min before insulin infusion) alone significantly increased serum DLF (saline: 21 +/- 5 to 60 +/- 18 pg digoxin Eq/ml, p less than 0.05; water: 18 +/- 11 to 49 +/- 15 digoxin Eq/ml, p less than 0.05). DLF activity was further significantly increased within each group 60 and 90 min after administration of insulin. In the group infused with hypertonic saline, insulin caused increases of serum DLF from 60 +/- 18 at time 0 to 170 +/- 17 pg digoxin Eq/ml at peak (p less than 0.01). Similarly, in the oral water-loaded group serum DLF increased from 49 +/- 15 at time 0 to 127 +/- 24 pg digoxin Eq/ml at peak (p less than 0.01) after they received insulin.2=

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Influence of stimulus intensity on AEP components in the 80- to 200-millisecond latency range.

The influence of the intensity of passively perceived 1-kHz tones on the latencies and amplitudes of AEP components in the 80- to 200-ms latency range recorded from frontal, central and temporal electrode locations was investigated in healthy adult subjects. At stimulus intensities from 30 to 70 dB SL the latencies of the frontally and centrally recorded N100 and P175 waves decreased, their amplitudes increased. At stimulus intensities from 70 to 90 dB the latencies of N100 and P175 increased, N100 amplitude declined and P175 amplitude increased at a slower rate than between 30 and 70 dB. The latency of the N140 wave recorded at temporal electrode locations decreased markedly with increasing stimulus intensity.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Transitional phenomena, projective identification, and the essential ambiguity of the psychoanalytic situation.

Ambiguity, which is an intrinsic and essential aspect of the psychoanalytic situation, is related to the concepts of transitional phenomena and projective identification. The analyst's feelings of uncertainty that accompany this ambiguity are contrasted with a "pathological certainty." The consequences of the loss of ambiguity and the role of the analyst's countertransference in this process are described.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Multiple myeloma of the serosa coat.

We report on a 47-year-old male patient with IgA-kappa plasmacytoma, who 12 months subsequent to diagnosis developed marked ascites. On light and electron microscopy morphologically identical plasma cells with bizarre intracytoplasmatic material were found in the bone marrow, pleural exudate, and ascites fluid. This kind of extramedullary spread is extremely rare and usually resists therapy. The mean survival rate for the 9 patients with malignant plasmacellular ascites whose cases have been documented so far was 2 months. After progression under VCMP regimens our patient has been successfully treated over a period of more than 4 years with i.v. VP16 monotherapy with additional intermittent local administration of methotrexate and systemic poly-chemotherapy according to the VAD scheme.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Plasma CCK levels in patients with pancreatic insufficiency.

After stimulation with a Lundh test meal, plasma concentrations of cholecystokinin (CCK) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and output of pancreatic enzymes were measured in 33 patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and 26 healthy subjects. Patients with impairment of pancreatic function were subdivided into those with moderate and severe insufficiency. Plasma CCK and PP were measured by radioimmunoassay. Fasting plasma CCK in patients with pancreatic insufficiency (5.8 +/- 1.1 pmol/liter) did not differ significantly from controls (4.2 +/- 0.6 pmol/liter). After endogenous stimulation with a Lundh meal, plasma CCK increased in both groups without significant differences over 2 hr. Basal and stimulated plasma levels of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) were markedly decreased only in patients with severe pancreatic insufficiency. Our results demonstrate that basal and meal-stimulated CCK levels in patients with pancreatic insufficiency do not differ from controls. Furthermore the extent of functional impairment of the exocrine pancreas did not influence basal and postprandial CCK release.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Morphometric analysis of the endocrine pancreas in streptozotocin-diabetic rats kept on different dietary regimens.

The effects of different diets on the endocrine pancreas of streptozotocin-diabetic rats were investigated by morphometry. Three dietary regimens were used over a period of 43 weeks: standard diet (SD), low carbohydrate-high protein diet (LC-HP), and low carbohydrate-high fat diet (LC-HF). Nondiabetic controls received standard diet. Volume density of the total endocrine tissue was significantly reduced in streptozotocin-diabetic rats kept on standard diet as compared to control rats. This reduction of endocrine tissue was significantly less in rats kept on LC-HP diet, whereas diabetic rats kept on LC-HF did not differ from diabetic rats on standard diet. In streptozotocin-diabetic rats volume density of B cells was drastically reduced, whereas volume densities of A, D and PP cells did not differ from nondiabetic controls. This decrease of B cells was partially prevented by LC-HP diet, but not by LC-HF diet. In nondiabetic control rats as in diabetic rats on standard diet most of the islets of Langerhans sized 500-6000 microns2. In contrast, diabetic rats on LC-HP diet revealed more endocrine tissue sized from 50 to 560 microns2 consisting of two to four endocrine cells, single cells, and small islets. The results suggest that LC-HP diet may initiate reparation processes in the endocrine pancreas of streptozotocin-diabetic rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Identification of rat pancreatic secretory proteins after separation by high-performance liquid chromatography.

In the present study an improved method of reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for separation of rat pancreatic juice proteins is introduced. Aliquots of pancreatic juice were saved from conscious rats during basal secretion. The secretory proteins were separated on a wide-pore silica column by use of a multistep acetonitrile/water gradient. Up to 14 individual peaks could be separated by one run. Molecular weight analysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-gels allowed identification of peaks representing amylase, lipase, procarboxypeptidases, proelastase, chymotrypsinogen, and trypsinogen. Injection of pure rat amylase increased one specific peak which was assumed to represent amylase in the juice profile. Small amounts of residual enzymatic activities were measured for amylase, trypsin, and chymotrypsin in material of certain peaks. Activities of lipase, ribonuclease, and carboxypeptidases were not found, which reflected degradation of these enzymes by the separation procedure. High activities of phospholipase A2 were detected in one specific, early-eluting peak. Reversed-phase HPLC offers precise, reproducible, and rapid separation of the major proteins of rat pancreatic juice.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Increased CCK-response to proteinase inhibitor feeding after induction of pancreatic hypertrophy in rats.

Repeated intragastric instillation of a trypsin inhibitor (camostate) to rats resulted in pancreatic growth. This was ascribed to the trophic effect of endogenously released cholecystokinin (CCK). We evaluated the CCK-releasing potency of different doses of camostate (50-400 mg/kg body weight administered perorally) during the course of experimentally induced pancreatic growth. Significant increments of pancreatic weight and protein and trypsin content of the pancreata were observed after 5 days of camostate treatment; changes were further pronounced after 10 days. Juice flow and protein and trypsin output from the hypertrophied pancreata were enhanced after 5 days. These effects were diminished after 10 days of camostate treatment. The direct increase in plasma CCK in response to camostate after pretreatments by daily oral doses of 200 mg/kg camostate over 5 or 10 days was more pronounced in rats with pancreatic hypertrophy compared with untreated controls. These findings mirror possible adaptation of CCK-releasing cells to "desensitisation" of acinar cells after pancreatic hypertrophy.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Stimulation of pancreatic secretion in man by a protease inhibitor (camostate).

Pancreatic secretion and plasma cholecystokinin (CCK) and secretin levels were measured in 10 healthy volunteers after application of a serine protease inhibitor (camostate) to study the mechanism of feedback regulation. Camostate produced a strong inhibition of trypsin and chymotrypsin activity in duodenal juice for 1 h. This was accompanied by an increase in duodenal aspirate volume and pancreatic enzyme secretion under both basal and secretin-stimulated conditions. Due to inhibition of tryptic activity, survival of lipase activity in duodenal juice was prolonged. In control experiments we ruled out that the volume and the pH of the solution were responsible for stimulation of pancreatic secretion. The protease inhibitor did not alter pancreatic secretion, which was stimulated by a test meal. Plasma levels of CCK and secretin were not changed after duodenal perfusion of camostate. These observations suggest that trypsin and chymotrypsin are involved in feedback regulation of pancreatic secretion in man which is, however, not mediated by CCK or secretin.

Cholecystokinin↗
PubMed1988

Changes in pattern of enzyme secretion by rat pancreas during repeated trypsin inhibitor treatment.

In conscious rats with cannulated pancreatic ducts, the synthetic trypsin inhibitor camostat (400 mg/kg) was instilled into the stomach once daily on 5 consecutive days. Each camostat administration stimulated the secretion of juice, bicarbonate, and protein. From day 2 to day 5, basal protein secretion measured before the daily instillation of camostat was increased, whereas basal secretion of volume and bicarbonate remained unchanged. The secretory responses to camostat increased up to day 3 of treatment without further change on days 4 and 5. In response to acute camostat instillation, parallel secretion of enzymes was found. Within 1 day, however, a change in the composition of secreted enzymes was observed. After 3 days, the percentage of amylase in pancreatic juice decreased by approximately 50%, whereas the relative amount of proteinases and the specific activity of phospholipase A2 doubled. The alteration of protein patterns in pancreatic juice parallels the effect on enzymes stored in the gland. The results demonstrate that adaptation of enzyme secretion in the exocrine pancreas occurs after a short period of treatment with camostat. Because this compound stimulated protein, volume, and bicarbonate secretion, it is suggested that other factors in addition to cholecystokinin may be involved in this adaptation process.

Amylases↗
PubMed1988

Age-dependent changes of short-latency somatosensory evoked potentials in healthy adults.

Age-dependent changes of short-latency somatosensory evoked potentials following median nerve stimulation in humans were investigated in two groups of healthy adults aged 20-30 and 50-60 years. Normative values for both age groups are given. Compared to the younger group, in the older one P27 latency and N20-P27 interpeak latency were about 2 ms longer, and P27-N35 and P27-P45 interpeak latencies were significantly decreased. These findings suggest that N20 and P27 are generated by different structures and that the subsequent components do not depend on P27.

Adult↗