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Biomedical subjects

G Adam

Publications and source records attributed to G Adam.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

N-substituted aminohydroxypyridines as potential non-opioid analgesic agents.

A series of new N-substituted aminohydroxypyridines have been synthesized, pharmacologically evaluated and compared with their N-substituted oxazolopyridone analogs. The compound with the maximal combination of safety and analgesic efficacy was 3-[2-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl]amino-2-hydroxypyridine (compound 10a), with ED50 values 0.4 mg kg-1 po (mouse: phenylquinone writhing test) and 0.5 mg kg-1 po (rat: acetic acid writhing test). Compound 10a possesses a potent non-opioid antinociceptive activity with moderate anti-inflammatory properties.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[The percutaneous CT-guided treatment of osteoid osteomas: a combined procedure with a biopsy drill and subsequent ethanol injection].

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was the clinical evaluation of a percutaneous treatment modality in patients with an osteoidosteoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 6 patients with an osteoidosteoma of the upper (n = 1) and lower (n = 5) extremity which were confirmed on plain film radiographs and computed tomography underwent CT controlled drill biopsy of the nidus with subsequent injection of 96% ethanol into the biopsy channel to sclerose probably remaining remnants of the nidus. The procedure was started under local anaesthesia, but drilling of the nidus was carried out under a short general anaesthesia using ketamine. RESULTS: The intervention was successful in all patients. No postinterventional infection occurred and no recurrence was observed in any of the patients in a follow-up time between 0.5 and 2 years. CONCLUSION: Although only 6 patients were treated until now, we conclude that this combined procedure using a bone biopsy system and the subsequent injection of alcohol is a safe and successful procedure for percutaneous treatment of osteoidosteoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[The computed tomographic morphology of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis].

PURPOSE: To assess the value of computed tomography for the diagnosis of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. METHOD: We analysed the CT examinations of 109 patients with 197 involved bowel locations. 81 patients suffered from Crohn's disease, 28 from ulcerative colitis. Diagnosis was based on the combination of clinical, endoscopic and histopathologic findings. Three radiologists evaluated the CT series concerning the presence of morphologic changes analogous to conventional radiographic findings. RESULTS: In Crohn's disease, we found irregular outer contours in 26% of cases. The bowel wall was thickened in 82%. In acute phases, the bowel wall was thickened in 100%. Abscess and fistula as complications of inflammatory disease were present in 26 and 14% respectively. In ulcerative colitis, a target sign of the bowel wall was present in 40%, whereas in Crohn's disease a homogeneous wall density was present in all but two cases. Reduced attenuation due to submucosal fat deposits was found in 16% and mucosal tunneling in 27% of cases with ulcerative colitis. Even if severe mucosal destructions were found, the outer contour of the gut was smooth and regular in 95% of the ulcerative colitis cases. CONCLUSION: CT can provide additional information on acuity, extent and complications in inflammatory bowel disease. In combination with conventional radiographic findings a three-step classification for Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (early changes, acute and chronic phase) can be proposed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[The MR tomography of avascular necrosis of bone: the primary findings and the follow-up observations after core decompression].

PURPOSE: To assess the signal changes of avascular bone necrosis after core decompression. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 17 patients with avascular epiphyseal necrosis were examined by MRI using T1-weighted spin echo sequences before and after gadopentetate dimeglumine application, T2-weighted spin echo sequences and in some patients with fat-saturated 2D gradient echo sequences up to 22 months after core decompression. RESULTS: All patients but one recovered from symptoms after core decompression. Although the signal morphology of the necrotic area remained unchanged in the majority of the cases, a decrease of the joint effusion was observed as well as an ongoing signal increase after gadopentetate dimeglumine application. The last examinations displayed similar signal characteristics as on the preoperative scans; however, a reduction of the necrotic zone became evident. CONCLUSIONS: The decrease of joint effusion indicates successful core decompression, while a persistent signal increase after gadopentetate dimeglumine application reflects the viability of the necrotic area as well as an ongoing healing process.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[The diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism: a comparison between spiral CT and DSA in an animal experiment].

PURPOSE: The value of helical computed tomography (CT) for diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism was assessed and compared with digital subtraction angiography (DSA) as a reference method. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 11 dogs, lobar, segmental, and subsegmental occlusions of the pulmonary arteries were produced. Subsequent to selective pulmonary angiography, the animals were examined with contrast-enhanced helical CT. RESULTS: In the main and lobar pulmonary arteries there was a complete correlation between CT and DSA in documentation of total and partial embolic occlusions. Identification of segmental and subsegmental pulmonary emboli by CT required a second run with optimized parameters in 7 of 11 cases. Nevertheless, 18% of the peripheral arteries could not be classified. CONCLUSION: Helical CT as less invasive modality is competitive with DSA in demonstration of central pulmonary emboli. However, CT imaging of peripheral pulmonary emboli requires optimal bolus timing.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

[The MRT of osteophytosis in experimental gonarthrosis].

PURPOSE: The value of MRI for the detection of knee osteophytosis was determined in an animal osteoarthritis model. METHODS: 10 dogs with experimentally induced unilateral osteoarthritis of the knee were investigated with MRI including 2-D-spin echo (SE) and 3-D-gradient echo (GE) imaging. The results were correlated with gross and histopathologic findings and with radiography. RESULTS: Osteophyte formation appeared early in the osteoarthritic process. Pathological analysis yielded 65 osteophytes. With 3-D-GE imaging, 91% of the osteophytes were detected, while 68% were visible on 2-D-SE images. With two-level radiography, 43% of the osteophytes were diagnosed. Additional use of tunnel view and conventional tomography increased the detection rate to 65%. Independent of the imaging technique, MRI revealed three different signal patterns of the osteophyte bone structure. Compared with the histologically evident fat marrow content and the grade of bone sclerosis, best agreement was achieved with 2-D-SE sequences. However, a discrepancy remained in 22%. A fibrocartilaginous layer at the osteophyte surface could be delineated especially on 3-D-GE images. CONCLUSIONS: MRI provides the highest standard in non-invasive diagnosis of osteophytes in the knee. 3-D-GE imaging in particular can demonstrate early and small osteophyte formation.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Prunus necrotic ringspot ilarvirus: nucleotide sequence of RNA3 and the relationship to other ilarviruses based on coat protein comparison.

The RNA3 of prunus necrotic ringspot ilarvirus (PNRSV) has been cloned and its entire sequence determined. The RNA3 consists of 1943 nucleotides (nt) and possesses two large open reading frames (ORFs) separated by an intergenic region of 74 nt. The 5' proximal ORF is 855 nt in length and codes for a protein of molecular mass 31.4 kDa which has homologies with the putative movement protein of other members of the Bromoviridae. The 3' proximal ORF of 675 nt is the cistron for the coat protein (CP) and has a predicted molecular mass of 24.9 kDa. The sequence of the 3' non-coding region (NCR) of PNRSV RNA3 showed a high degree of similarity with those of tobacco streak virus (TSV), prune dwarf virus (PDV), apple mosaic virus (ApMV) and also alfalfa mosaic virus (AIMV). In addition it contained potential stem-loop structures with interspersed AUGC motifs characteristic for ilar- and alfamoviruses. This conserved primary and secondary structure in all 3' NCRs may be responsible for the interaction with homologous and heterologous CPs and subsequent activation of genome replication. The CP gene of an ApMV isolate (ApMV-G) of 657 nt has also been cloned and sequenced. Although ApMV and PNRSV have a distant serological relationship, the deduced amino acid sequences of their CPs have an identity of only 51.8%. The N termini of PNRSV and ApMV CPs have in common a zinc-finger motif and the potential to form an amphipathic helix.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Non-traumatic rupture of the urinary tract during pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE: To review published cases of rupture of the urinary tract during pregnancy and illustrate the clinical manifestations of this serious complication of pregnancy. METHODS: Reported cases of urinary tract rupture were reviewed and a new case described. RESULTS: Spontaneous rupture of the urinary tract during pregnancy is rare; a review of the literature revealed only 24 cases, most commonly occurring in diseased kidneys. In the majority of cases the rupture was associated with underlying diseases of the kidney, the most common being renal tumours. Of the 25 cases examined, 12 had ruptures of the collecting system and 13 had ruptures of the renal parenchyma: 21 were diagnosed during pregnancy in the second and third trimester and four within the first 24 h postpartum. CONCLUSION: Pregnancy-induced changes in the urinary tract exaggerate any weakness of the parenchyma or collecting system. Pregnant patients with overdistension of the upper urinary tract should undergo routine ultrasonography and be observed carefully for infection or haematuria.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Artificial widening of the mediastinum to gain access for extrapleural biopsy: clinical results.

PURPOSE: To assess the utility of artificial widening of the extrapleural space to gain an extrapleural biopsy access route to the anterior and posterior mediastinum. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors retrospectively analyzed the findings in 20 patients who underwent biopsy of mediastinal masses after dilation of the extrapleural space with injection of approximately 20 mL of physiologic saline solution. The solution was injected to provide ventral (n = 6) or dorsal (n = 14) extrapleural access to the mediastinum. Biopsies were performed under computed tomographic guidance. RESULTS: Right-sided paravertebral extrapleural access to the mediastinum was achieved in 11 of the 14 patients in whom a dorsal approach was used. The paravertebral extrapleural soft tissue was dilated from a mean of 0.2 cm to a mean of 0.9 cm. Extrapleural biopsy was performed in nine patients. The pleura was traversed in four patients, causing pneumothoraces in two. A parasternal access route was created in all six patients in whom a ventral approach was used, and biopsies were performed without complications. The minimal width of the anterior mediastinum in these six patients increased from a mean of 2.8 cm to a mean of 4.6 cm with dilation. CONCLUSION: Artificial widening of the extrapleural space provides an access route to the anterior and posterior mediastinum for large-bore biopsy.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Spontaneous kidney rupture--symptom of renal tumors.

Spontaneous ruptures of the kidney frequently require an emergency surgical intervention and the underlying pathology often only becomes clear intraoperatively. On the basis of our own cases the clinical management of the symptom 'rupture of the kidney' is discussed particularly referring to renal tumors.

Adenoma, Oxyphilic↗
PubMed1995

Determination of prostate gland volume by transrectal ultrasound: correlation with radical prostatectomy specimens.

Estimation of the prostate gland volume employing transrectal ultrasound provides important additional information in patients with benign and malignant diseases of the prostate. Twenty-five patients underwent transrectal ultrasound of the prostate prior to radical prostatectomy for organ-confined cancer of the prostate. The prostate gland volume was calculated employing two different methods. The prostate specimen weights were compared with the results of each of the volume estimation method. The prolate ellipse formula, widely used as an alternative to planimetry, demonstrated a correlation coefficient of r2 = 0.831. However, a variation of the prolate ellipse formula expressed as (width x width x height) x pi/6, which is easier to perform as described by Terris and Stamey, exhibited a correlation coefficient of r2 = 0.829. It appears to be a reliable means of estimating prostate gland volume, especially in cases in whom the original formula is difficult to apply.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Computed tomography for detection and staging of transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract.

A total of 91 patients were treated for upper tract urothelial tumors between 1981 and 1991. Preoperative computed tomography (CT) scans and nephroureterectomy for treatment of transitional cell carcinoma were performed in 26 patients. At pathological examination, 28 tumors were diagnosed of which 19 were in the renal pelvis and 7 were in the ureter. Intravenous pyelogram, retrograde and antegrade pyelogram detected 26 of 28 tumors (93%). CT detected 24 of 28 tumors (86%). However, CT is still the best current method for staging of upper urinary tract urothelial tumors, although staging was correct in only 5 of 9 T3 and T4 tumors.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Diagnosis of an infected thrombus of the inferior vena cava with ultrasound and computerized tomography].

The incidence of central venous catheter-associated thrombosis is up to 66%; nevertheless, in most cases it is of little clinical importance. A rare, but serious complication is infection of a catheter-associated thrombosis, which occurs in 7-16%. We report the case of a 16-year-old male patient, who suffered from meningitis and Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome. After initial improvement in the intensive care unit, he developed septic temperatures, caused by an infected thrombus of a central venous catheter in the inferior vena cava. Color-coded ultrasound showed hyperechogenic signals and missing flow detection at the catheter tip. Computed tomography showed air bubbles in the thrombosed catheter tip and confirmed the diagnosis. Vascular surgery was done and an infected, 17-cm-long infected thrombus was removed. The recent literature on this topic is reviewed.

Adolescent↗