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Biomedical subjects

G A Zarb

Publications and source records attributed to G A Zarb.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

A computer-assisted measurement technique to assess bone proximal to oral implants on intraoral radiographs.

A computer-assisted measurement technique for measuring bone levels proximal (mesial and distal) to oral implants imaged on standardized intraoral radiographs offers promise for accuracy and reliability. There were no differences between bone measurements made directly from bone proximal to implants placed in a dry mandible and those resulting from the computer-assisted measurement technique. In addition, there were no differences between measurements made of bone proximal to oral implants in vivo using the microscope and the computer techniques. The computer technique had a low intra- and inter-operator variability, and operators found fewer "unreadable" sites compared to the microscope technique. The computer-assisted measurement of bone levels proximal to oral implants on standardized intraoral radiographs offers accuracy and reliability.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1999

Longitudinal peri-implant clinical responses in anterior mandibles of female patients: a preliminary report.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: There is a need for specific documentation that successful osseointegration related to Brânemark implants can be maintained, despite an apparent clinically vulnerable peri-implant soft tissue status. PURPOSE: This study monitored longitudinal peri-implant clinical responses in the mandible and sought to question whether a relatively deep mucogingival pocket will give rise to a greater loss of peri-implant bone than a shallow pocket. METHODS AND MATERIAL: Subjects, 8 women patients (mean age 62 years), were treated with Brânemark mandibular osseointegrated implant-supported prostheses. Four of these subjects had limited (average <3.5 mm) and 4 had unlimited (average > or =3.5 mm) peri-implant pocket probing depths and constituted the control and test subgroups, respectively. Longitudinal changes in peri-implant PAL and radiographic bone support were assessed. RESULTS: Overall probing attachment levels (PALs) of the peri-implant mucogingival complex showed little change. The PAL loss was only minimally significant within the control subjects, and not significant for test subjects. The difference in these mucogingival responses between test and control subjects was significant (P = .04). There was no significant overall longitudinal change in peri-implant bone levels. The longitudinal change of peri-implant bone level was not significant within or between the control and test subjects.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Cardiovascular disease and treatment outcomes with osseointegration surgery.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: The frequency of prescription of implant-supported prostheses demands increased scrutiny of systemic health condition on treatment inclusion and exclusion criteria. The risks of an impaired healing response in patients with certain types of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) suggest a possible risk for implant failure in such patients. PURPOSE: This preliminary study surveyed implant treatment outcome of patients with cardiovascular diseases. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 246 consecutively treated patients was conducted. The patients comprised a CVD interest group of 39 patients, and control subgroups of 98 healthy and 109 patients with a history of other systemic disease. RESULTS: Differences in implant failure rates between the groups were not found to be significant. Though the sample size is small, these results suggest that CVD may not be a risk factor for successful osseointegration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

The notion of implant-supported overdentures.

This article presents a brief review of the methods and techniques to manage the maladaptive edentulous patient. A discussion of the inclusion and exclusion criteria and treatment outcome measures associated with published prospective osseointegrated implant studies are included and specific therapy options are suggested. It is concluded that there is a need for less invasive, less expensive, less complex, and equally effective treatment options such as the implant-supported overdenture for the maladaptive edentulous patient.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed1996

In vivo measurements of some functional aspects with mandibular fixed prostheses supported by implants.

Maximal occlusal force and oral tactile sensibility were recorded in 21 edentulous patients wearing maxillary complete dentures and mandibular fixed prostheses supported by Brånemark implants. Bite force was measured with a miniature force transducer between antagonistic molars and premolars, and the passive tactile sensibility of the fixtures was recorded in the horizontal and vertical directions with spring balances. The active tactile sensibility was tested using steel foils (100 to 10 microns). The range of maximal occlusal force recorded was from 35 to 330N with highest values observed on the second premolars (mean 143N). Significantly lower forces were found on molars and first premolars (p < 0.01). The detection threshold of minimal pressure was about 330 g in the horizontal, and 388 g in the vertical direction. This difference was not statistically significant. The average number of incorrect assessments when testing steel foils was 16.6 errors, out of 100 recordings. Similar results when using these 3 test modalities had been found on overdentures supported by two mandibular implants and occluding with maxillary complete dentures. The results of this study suggest that mandibular implants supporting fixed prostheses are not likely to improve oral tactile sensibility and maximal occlusal force in the presence of maxillary complete dentures.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

The edentulous predicament. I: A prospective study of the effectiveness of implant-supported fixed prostheses.

This prospective longitudinal study follows the treatment of 50 completely edentulous patients who could not successfully wear their complete dentures. After an initial phase of treatment in which the prostheses of all of the patients were optimized, the prosthodontists conducting the study prescribed osseointegrated implant-supported fixed prostheses for 45 patients and an implant-supported overdenture for one patient. Eventually, three of the remaining four patients were treated with implant-supported overdentures. This article details the results of treatment for all 50 patients over a period of 11 to 15.5 years.

Dental Implantation, Endosseous↗
PubMed1996

The edentulous predicament. II: The longitudinal effectiveness of implant-supported overdentures.

Fifty consecutive completely edentulous patients who were unable to wear their complete dentures took part in this prospective longitudinal study. After providing initial optimization treatment of patients' existing prostheses, prosthodontists conducting the study prescribed osseointegrated implant-supported removable overdentures for 45 of the 50 patients. The remaining five underwent ongoing attempts at optimizing their complete dentures. This article details the results of treatment for the 50 patients over a period of three to 13 years.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Implant prosthodontic treatment options for the edentulous patient.

Longitudinally documented benefits for edentulous patients of treatment outcomes of the osseointegration technique demonstrate compelling therapeutic results. Heterogeneous population groups, treated in different centres by various dental specialists, have provided impressive evidence of a minimal burden of illness associated with the procedure. A critical appraisal of the many components of any implemented treatment paradigm demands repeated analysis of the factors which enable patients' informed consent and dentists' optimal decision making. This paper reviews those salient aspects which impact upon decision making with implant-supported prostheses. It emphasizes the predominance of bone structure in selecting the most likely favourable treatment outcome.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗
PubMed1994

Osseointegration for elderly patients: the Toronto study.

Successful osseointegration promises a virtual panacea for the edentulous predicament. However, the impact of this technique on specific age groups is far from clear. In an attempt to determine the efficacy and effectiveness of implant-supported prostheses in geriatric patients, the treatment outcomes of elderly patients already included in ongoing clinical trials were assessed. The following preliminary observations were made: (1) being elderly is not a contraindication to long-term implant survival; (2) successful osseointegration can be maintained irrespective of a patient's oral hygiene performance; and (3) diverse prosthesis designs appear feasible.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Implant therapy alternatives for geriatric edentulous patients.

The predicament of being both elderly and edentulous undermines life quality for both patient and dentist. The former suffer because of morphological and functional compromises, the latter because of a dearth of safe and predictably successful clinical techniques. The introduction of the osseointegration technique suggested great promise for profoundly changing this predicament, but the specific merits of this approach have been mainly extrapolated ones. The purpose of this study was to examine the clinical success of treatment with osseointegration for patients who were 65 or older at the time of implant insertion. A second group of patients, who became 65 during the course of the study was also studied and the results recorded separately. Data regarding the longevity of implants and prosthodontic restorations and the numbers and types of problems encountered were recorded. The evidence suggests that the biological anchorage of tooth root analogues in elderly jaws is predictably successful and enhances the quality of life for geriatric patients who are edentulous.

Aged↗