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Biomedical subjects

G A Magoha

Publications and source records attributed to G A Magoha.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Epidemiological and clinical aspects of carcinoma of penis at Kenyatta National Hospital.

Thirty one patients with carcinoma of penis were studied retrospectively at Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, over a 20-year period (1971-1990). The majority of patients presented late with symptomatology of over one year duration. 88% of patients with carcinoma were uncircumcised, while the three (12%) patients who were circumcised but developed carcinoma were all circumcised late in adolescence and adulthood, confirming that late circumcision may not protect one from developing penile carcinoma as reported in literature. These findings also indicate that carcinoma of penis may be rare in this locality but is still common among the uncircumcised African tribes.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Priapism: a historical and update review.

Early this century, the aetiology of priapism was solely attributed to "systemic disease and local irritation of lower genital tract and neurologic lesion". Corpora cavernosa incision described by Young was the only form of treatment. However, the aetiology, diagnosis and treatment options for the management of priapism and prolonged erections have evolved significantly in the past several years. Before the use of pharmacological agents for the production of erections, idiopathic priapism became the most common aetiology. Causes of priapism from newer psychotropic medications such as trazodone to intra-cavernosal injection therapy with pharmacological agents have increased the number of patients with priapism presenting to the urologist. The management of priapism has remained controversial and has perplexed and continued to frustrate many urologists. A recent and more thorough knowledge of the pathophysiological basis of priapism and the clear differentiation between the low flow veno- occlusive priapism and high flow arterial priapism have significantly improved the diagnostic protocol for patients with priapism. Colour doppler ultrasound evaluation and cavernosal blood gas determinations have become mandatory and greatly improved specific diagnosis. Priapism must be considered a urological emergency and early surgical intervention with corpus cavernosum aspiration and pharmacological lavage with normal saline alpha-adrenegic agonists should be instituted immediately. This will avoid the risk of erectile impotence with considerable medico-legal consequences. Precious time must not be wasted in the older unproven conservative methods including hot and cold water enemas, and vigorous prostatic massage.

Adrenergic alpha-Agonists↗
PubMed1995

Management of carcinoma of the penis: a review.

Partial penectomy is effective in the treatment of T1 and T2 penile carcinoma with 80% five-year survival rates in the absence of inguinal metastases, and the residual stump is serviceable for upright micturition and sexual function. The use of micrographic surgery first introduced by Mohs in 1941 for small distally located lesions of upto one centimetre diametre achieves results comparable to partial penectomy. Carbon dioxide and Neodymium-Yag lasers have also been used in the treatment of T1 and T2 tumours with 89% five year survival rates. Radiotherapy is also ideal for the treatment of T1 and T2 primary penile carcinoma because failure is corrected with salvage partial penectomy. In T3 disease with extensive local growth total penectomy and removal of scrotal contents followed by perineal reconstruction with scrotal flap is associated with 90% five year survival rates. In advanced T4 tumours with fixed inguinal nodes (N3), hemipelvectomy or hemicorporectomy with combination cytotoxic chemotherapy is considered in selected cases. Various cytotoxic agents like bleomycin, vincristine and methotrexate have been used in adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapy with mixed results. Pre operative radiotherapy is useful in the treatment of patients with metastatic groin lymph nodes of greater than or equal to 4 cm in size. Radiotherapy also provides effective palliation in patients with advanced regional and/or distant metastases. Groin block dissection is commonly performed to treat groin node metastasis and to stage nodal disease in patients with clinically negative groins. The procedure is however associated with significant morbidity resulting in complications such as wound infection and skin necrosis leading to wound breakdown and lymphoedema.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Chemotherapy, Adjuvant↗
PubMed1995

Testicular cancer in Nigerians.

This is a report of prospective study of eight patients with testicular tumours seen at the Urology Unit of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital over a five-year period (1979-1983). The mean age was 32.7 years. Four patients (50%) had germ cell tumours including embryonal carcinoma 25%, seminoma 12.5% and malignant teratoma undifferentiated (MTU) 12.5%. The seminoma in this group originated from a testis which was previously undescended but brought into the scrotum at six years of age. The other four patients (50%), had non germ cell tumours. Two of these patients (25%) had paratesticular tumours including rhabdomyosarcoma of paratesticular adnexae and liposarcoma. One (12.5%) had adenomatoid tumour of the epididymis while the last patient (12.5%) had malignant fibrous mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis. This study reaffirms the fact that testicular tumours are rare in blacks and that Nigeria has the lowest incidence reported at 0.1 per 100,000 per annum.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Epidemiological and clinical aspects of incidental carcinoma of the prostate in Africans: experience at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos and the Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi.

Twenty patients in Lagos and 24 patients in Nairobi with incidental carcinoma of the prostate in resected glands for benign hyperplasia were studied at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (1978-1982) and at Kenyatta National Hospital (1988-1992), respectively. The age range for the Lagos group was 45-78 years with a mean age of 61 years and a peak incidence in the seventh decade (60-69 year age group) compared to the Nairobi group with age range of 50-89 years with a mean age of 66 years and a peak incidence in the eighth decade (70-79 year age group). Both groups had predominantly well differentiated low grade stage TIA (AI) incidental carcinoma of the prostate, being 80% in the Lagos group and 79.2% in the Nairobi group. High grade undifferentiated stage TIB (A2) incidental carcinoma of the prostate was present in 20% of the Lagos group and 20.8% of the Nairobi group. In both groups, the majority of patients (80%) in the Lagos group and (79.2%) in the Nairobi group presented late with similar symptoms of prostatic obstruction.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed1994

The role of varicocelectomy in the management of infertile males with varicoceles.

Inguinal varicocelectomy was performed on 27 selected infertile males with Grade III varicoceles. Follow up was effected for eighteen months. 18 (66%) patients recorded improvement in sperm count to above (20 X 10(6)/ML). 17 (63%) patients recorded improvement in active sperm mortility to above 40%. 15 (55%) patients showed diminution in the level of abnormal sperms to less than 30% abnormal forms. A pregnancy rate of 33.3% was recorded. These findings indicate that varicocelectomy is effective in the management of carefully selected infertile males with varicoceles in conformity with the findings of previous other studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Urolithiasis.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

Testicular torsion salvage rate in Nigerians in Lagos.

Eighty-one Nigerian patients with testicular torsion presented at the Urology Unit of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital between May 1983 and May 1985. The majority (62%) were young adults of 21 years and above with a mean of 21.3 +/- 5.2 years. Fifty-four testes found to be clinically non viable at exploration were excised and microscopically confirmed as haemorrhagic infarction due to the torsion. Twenty-six clinically viable testes at exploration were salvaged giving a low salvage rate of 32%. This appears to be due to delayed or mistaken diagnosis by the first doctor to see the patient as a result of low index of suspicion. The clinical importance of high index of suspicion for testicular torsion in all patients with testicular pain of recent onset irrespective of age is emphasized in this locality.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Subcapsular orchidectomy in the management of prostatic carcinoma in Nigerians.

Thirty patients with advanced prostatic carcinoma were treated by subcapsular orchidectomy at the urology unit of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital. Post orchidectomy plasma testosterone levels measured at 3 and 6 months were low in all patients with a mean of 44 ng/100 mls +/- S.D. 21 compared to levels in the control group of 10 untreated prostatic cancer patients with a mean of 526 ng/100 mls +/- S.D. 109; the difference being highly significant (P greater than 0.001). Subcapsular orchidectomy was effective in the treatment of 28(93.3%) of the 30 prostatic cancer patients as assessed by diminution in the size of primary tumours per rectum, improvement of urinary symptoms and reduction of skeletal metastases radiologically. None of the patients showed the undesirable side effects of prolonged oestrogen therapy and psychological trauma of total orchidectomy. These results indicate that subcapsular orchidectomy is effective in the treatment of advanced prostatic cancer in this locality.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Measurement of serum C-reactive protein concentration after renal transplantation.

A prospective study of serial serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations was made on 21 patients who had received renal allografts. CRP was raised during 27 of 32 rejection episodes and in all of five episodes of rejection associated with infection. CRP values were persistently elevated in three irreversible rejection episodes. Significantly raised CRP concentrations were documented in 14 of 20 episodes of infection. In some cases CRP was a predictive indicator of rejection or infection. In all cases of infection or rejection associated with a rise in CRP, CRP values fell following successful treatment with appropriate agents. Serial CRP measurement used in conjunction with other clinical and biochemical parameters appears to be valuable clinically following renal transplantation.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Testicular torsion rate in Nigerians.

In a prospective study, from July 1980 to December 1983, 122 patients--i.e. 35 per year--were treated for testicular torsion at a Lagos Hospital. Of these, torsion had previously occurred in the opposite testis in 17 (14%) patients. Patients' ages ranged from 3 weeks to 40 years with a mean of 23.3 +/- 6.2 (SD). About 58 per cent of the patients were adult men. There was a significant delay from initial presentation to definite diagnosis in all except 5 patients. On average only 27% of the torted testes were saved and missed or delayed diagnosis contributed to this very low salvage rate. Seven men (6%) were adjudged sterilised from testicular torsion. Testicular torsion is not uncommon in blacks and should be considered as initial diagnosis in all men with testicular pain. Treatment should be prompt in order to save the testis and avert sterility.

Adolescent↗