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Biomedical subjects

G A Fishman

Publications and source records attributed to G A Fishman.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Corneal wick electrode for recording bright flash electroretinograms and early receptor potentials.

We developed a corneal wick electrode that is free of photovoltaic artifact when used with a bright flash strobe and is convenient for routine clinical application. The corneal wick electrode is employed for bright flash electroretinogram (ERG) recordings and for research measurements of the early receptor potential. The wick electrode gives accurate, stable, reproducible recordings with an amplitude comparable to that obtained with standard contact lens electrodes.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1978

Calibration error in dark adaptometer.

We noted that the adjustable fixation device present on some models of the Goldmann-Weekers dark adaptometer has a calibration error that results in a consistent and predictable overestimation of retinal eccentricity. The error occurs because the eye being tested is not in the geometric center of the projection sphere. The true retinal locus may be computed by trigonometric analysis. A conversion table is available for reference.

Calibration↗
PubMed1978

Retinitis pigmentosa. Visual loss.

A total of 174 patients (347 eyes) with retinitis pigmentosa were categorized by genetic type and assessed as to the degree of central visual loss. The degree of central visual loss was mildest in cases of autosomal-dominant inheritance and most extensive in cases of X-linked recessive inheritance. Slightly more than one third (34%) of all eyes had acuity of 20/200 or less, while only 55% had vision of 20/60 or better. The data in this study provide general guidelines for counseling individual patients with retinitis pigmentosa as to the potential and extent of future central visual loss.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Refractive errors of retinitis pigmentosa patients.

A retinitis pigmentosa (RP) population (268 eyes) had predominantly myopic refractive errors. Whereas 12% of a normal population have myopic refractions, myopia was found in 75% of 268 eyes of RP patients and in 95% of 41 eyes of X-linked RP patients. The spherical errors describe a single-peaked, skewed distribution, with a mean of -1.86 dioptres that is significantly (P less than 0.001) more myopic, by -2.93 D, than that of a normal population. The X-linked genetic group has a spherical mean of -5.51 D that is significantly (P less than 0.01) more myopic than the non-X-linked RP population. This X-linked spherical error distribution may be composed of two separate subdistributions. Astigmatic refractive errors greater than 0.5 D are found in 47% of this RP population, considerably in excess of the 19% of a normal population with such astigmatic errors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Vitelliform lesions associated with retinal pigment epithelial detachment.

Two patients with bilateral vitelliform macular lesions had normal electro-oculogram findings. The fluorescein angiograms showed retinal pigment epithelial detachment. Detachment of the retinal pigment epithelium associated with lipid and/or protein accumulation within the subpigment epithelial space represents another mechanism by which a lesion ophthalmoscopically similar to that seen in classical Best's disease can be produced.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Pseudovitelliform macular degeneration.

Three patients with vitelliform-like macular lesions had normal electroooculogram (EOG) light-peak/dark-trough ratios, unlike typical cases of vitelliform dystrophy (Best macular dystrophy). Leakage of fluorescein dye from perifoveal cappillaries implicated an increased permeability of these vessels as the probable cause for the vitelliform-appearing lesions. All patients with vitelliform lesions demonstrating normal EOG ratios should have an evaluation by fluorescein angiography to rule out a diagnosis of what we prefer to call pseudovitelliform macular degeneration.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Macular lesions associated with retinitis pigmentosa.

Of 31 patients with retinitis pigmentosa, 18 (58%) had lesions of the retinal pigmentary epithelium within the maculae of both eyes. Six of the 31 patients (19%) showed macular cysts or holes (five bilateral, one unilateral) without angiographic evidence of leakage from perifoveal capillaries, while seven patients (23%) had macular cysts in both eyes associated with cystoid macular edema evident by fluorescein angiography. We believe that the macular cysts or holes were caused by changes at the vitreoretinal interface, eg, vitreous traction and preretinal membranes. Other pathologic sequences may also be responsible, such as an intrinsic increase in the permeability of retinal capillaries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Foveal lesions seen in retinitis pigmentosa.

A total of 110 patients with retinitis pigmentosa were prospectively and consecutively evaluated for the presence of foveal lesions. Of these 69 (63 percent) patients showed one of two types of separate and distinct bilateral foveal lesions. Forty-seven (43 percent) patients had atrophic-appearing lesions of the retinal pigment epithelium within the fovea of both eyes, and an additional 22 (20 percent) patients showed bitalteral foveal cysts or partial-thickness holes. Of the 22 patients in this last group, 16 showed cystoid macular edema evident on fluorescein angiography.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Histopathology of Goldmann-Favre syndrome obtained by full-thickness eye-wall biopsy.

The first histopathologic specimen form the eye of a patient with Goldmann-Favre syndrome was obtained by full-thickness eye-wall biopsy. Diagnosis was established by an early history of night blindness, characteristic clinical features including atypical pigmentary retinopathy, peripheral retinoschisis, opaque "sclerotic-appearing" peripheral retinal vessels, vitreous changes including liquefaction and condensed vitreous bands and a non-detectable electroretinogram (ERG). Histopathologic changes from a 4 mm peripheral area included diffuse degenerative changes involving predominantly the sensory retinal layers with a relatively normal pigment epithelium and choroid. Vascular changes included thickened retinal vessel basement membranes and areas of vascular occlusion. These findings are compatible with a primary photoreceptor involvement in addition to a vascular component. A thick preretinal membrane of glial tissue was an additional finding.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Spinal fluid pleocytosis in acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy.

Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE) is a disorder of the fundus frequently characterized by sudden onset of bilateral, marked visual loss associated with yellowish-white, ill-defined placoid lesions of the retina. Most cases show a rapid resolution with restoration of vision to normal or near-normal levels. We evaluated an 11-year-old boy with presumed APMPPE who showed a mononuclear cell pleocytosis on spinal fluid examination.

Cerebrospinal Fluid↗
PubMed1976

The electro-oculogram in diffuse (familial) drusen.

Twelve patients with diffuse drusen of Bruch membrane had their condition evaluated by electro-oculography (EOG). All had normal EOG light-peak/dark-trough ratios, which suggests that the disease does not involve a diffuse functional abnormality of the retinal pigment epithelium. This finding is in contrast to the abnormal EOG ratios reported in patients with fundus flavimaculatus. Categorizing these two diseases along with fundus albipunctatus as flecked retina syndrome should be continued on the basis of the somewhat similar morphologic appearance of the lesions, rather than because of similar results on functional testing.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Fundus flavimaculatus. A clinical classification.

Various stages of fundus flavimaculatus seen ophthalmoscopically were correlated with findings on electrophysiologic and psychophysical tests. A new classification of fundus flavimaculatus into stages recognizes the nuances in genetic expression and their correlation with findings on retinal function testing.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Diagnostic features of the Favre-Goldmann syndrome.

Extensive retinal vascular disease was noted in three patients from two families with Favre-Goldmann syndrome. In addition to classical features they had pronounced leakage from some retinal vessels. Vessels were either opaque ('sclerotic') or non-perfused. Cystoid macular oedema was a contributing cause of decreased vision. Two of the three patients showed a discrepancy on electroretinography between single-flash photopic amplitudes and flicker fusion frequency. This may be characteristic of Favre-Goldmann syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Vitreochorioretinal degeneration associated with trichomegaly.

A 15-year-old white boy had bilateral vitreochorioretinal degeneration associated with trichomegaly. Findings on electroretinography and fluorescein angiography provided additional information on the retinal changes not noted in 3 previously reported cases having these associated features. Although similar on ophthalmoscopy, fluourescein angiography, and by electroretinography, the retinal disease in our patient differed from cases of gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina in having normal plasma ornithine levels.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1975

Biopsy of human scleral-chorioretinal tissue.

The usefulness of a technique for scleral-chorioretinal biopsies was evaluated on a human eye destined for enucleation due to a malignant melanoma of the choroid. The operative procedure was without complication. The biopsy specimen was removed and carefully evaluated both by light and electron microscopy. The underlying choroid and retinal tissues were successfully preserved by this technique.

Aged↗