Strategies for nurse managers in the 21st century.
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Cultural Diversity↗
Biomedical subjects
G A Bechtel
Publications and source records attributed to G A Bechtel.
The role of nursing administrators in empowering scholarly productivity among clinicians.
The authors discuss strategies nursing administrators can use to promote scholarly productivity among their nursing staff. By incorporating mentoring, promoting collegial teams, involving nurses in the development of goals for scholarly activity, promoting professionalism, and modifying assignments to ensure time for research and writing, nurse executives can significantly enhance scholarly productivity in their professional nursing staff.
Efficiency, Organizational↗
Integrating cultural diversity in patient education.
Diversity among clients in the American health care system is increasing as the population of the United States changes in composition. Health providers, educators, and supervisors are in unique positions to enhance patient education among members of diverse cultures by incorporating cultural research and health beliefs into patient and staff education. Using a culturally defined framework, health providers can more holistically assess the client and subsequently plan culturally appropriate care.
Attitude to Health↗
Needle sharing and high-risk sexual behaviors among IV drug users in Southern Thailand.
This study sought to determine the prevalence of needle sharing and high HIV risk sexual behaviors and to identify characteristics associated with these practices in southern Thailand. Data were obtained using a structured questionnaire from 298 male intravenous drug users (IVDUs) seen in a methadone clinic during the previous year. The prevalence of HIV was 37%, and that of needle-sharing in the preceding months was 45%, although only 10% claimed to have had unsafe sex with a casual partner or prostitute in the same period. Determinants for needle sharing included shorter duration of drug injection, diminished knowledge of HIV prevention, a carefree attitude toward risk of HIV infection, and lower levels of income. Young single IVDUs with a low knowledge of HIV prevention were most likely not to use a condom. In conclusion, needle sharing among the study subjects was still a common practice, whereas high HIV risk sexual behavior was not. Attitudinal change may be necessary to reduce needle-sharing behavior and not just information on disease transmission.
Adult↗
Parasitic infections among migrant farm families.
The prevalence of parasitic infestation is an indicator of the health, social, and economic conditions within a community. A retrospective study of 422 migrant farmworkers and their families found a prevalence of parasitic infestation of 11.4%. The most significant predictors of infestation were mother's years of schooling (a low level of education was associated with infestation) and the prevalence of other parasitic infections within the family. No significant differences were found between infected and noninfected individuals in country of origin, time residing in the United States, father's years of schooling, sex, or age.
Adult↗
Patterns of mental health care among Mexican Americans.
1. Extending cultural care beyond language enhances the use of mental health services and fosters a mutually agreed-on plan of care. 2. Understanding cultural characteristics facilitates an understanding of behavior, family and social dynamics, and adaptation patterns to stress that can empower clients to work toward their goals and validate the impact of emotions and behaviors on others. 3. Culturally appropriate mental health care reflects a synthesis among communication, space, social organization, time, environmental control, and biological variables.
Communication Barriers↗
A patient classification system for the chronic psychiatric patient.
Classification of chronic psychiatric patients to determine staffing needs is an emerging issue confronting many psychiatric nurses. This paper follows the development of a patient classification system for chronic psychiatric patients in the United States. Few tools are available and those cited in the literature tend to report minimal validity and reliability and lack applicability to the setting or for the purpose desired. The tool demonstrated use and acceptance by nurses and was found to meet the comprehensive needs of patients it was designed to serve.
Activities of Daily Living↗
Multidisciplinary laboratory management in an integrated health-care system.
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Cost Control↗
Assessing the patient from a cultural perspective.
If effective and efficient care is to be provided, the licensed practical/vocational nurse must be aware of differing cultural health practices and beliefs among people. Nurses should identify sources of discrepancy between the client's health beliefs and practices and health providers' perceptions of health. However, nurses must also recognize that while there are differences between cultural groups, many differences also exist between people of the same culture. Thus, an individualized assessment must be conducted if culturally appropriate care is to be planned and delivered.
Clinical Competence↗
Ethical principles in the enhancement of patient care.
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Confidentiality↗
The effectiveness of guided design on ethical decision making and moral reasoning among community nursing students.
This study evaluated the effectiveness of guided design as an instructional method in ethical decision making and moral reasoning among 145 community health nursing students. Changes in the process of ethical decision making and moral reasoning were measured using Ketefian's judgment About Nursing Decisions (JAND) one week after the intervention. Results indicated a significant difference in ethical decision-making scores after instruction, but no difference in moral reasoning. The one specific component--Taking professional initiatives--increased on both subscales.
Community Health Nursing↗
Factors associated with penile amputation in Thailand.
This report describes factors associated with the act of penile amputation by three female partners in southern Thailand. While gender-specific roles and paternalistic behaviors are normative in Thai society, specific precipitating factors for the three amputations included: (1) an immediate financial crisis that adversely affected one of the children in the family; (2) ingestion of drugs or alcohol by the husband immediately before the event; (3) public humiliation of the wife in the presence of a mia noi (secondary wife) or concubine within the week that preceded the incident. Understanding women's cultural preservation in Thailand may promote culturally sensitive and meaningful nursing care.
Adult↗
Guidelines for developing instruments to enhance case-finding among older adults.
This article discusses the necessity of developing reliable and valid instruments to enhance case finding efforts among older adults who may be at risk for alterations in their optimal level of functioning and health. Case studies are provided to demonstrate to nurses how misconceptions can occur when assessment tools are neither reliable nor valid in extracting critical information. While the use of reliable and valid case-finding instruments can detect high-risk circumstances and reduce the likelihood of premature death and disability, erroneous information can have adverse economic and health consequences for the individual, family, and community.
Aged↗
The efficacy of Bobath neurodevelopmental interventions at home for patients after postcerebrovascular accidents.
The traditional approach to rehabilitating patients after cerebrovascular accidents encourages the patient to use only the unaffected side for all activities. This article presents the Bobath approach, which focuses on patients using both sides to regain former capabilities. The rationale and implementation of this method are outlined so that the home care nurse can learn how to use this method, used so commonly by rehabilitative therapists.
Activities of Daily Living↗
Improving the accuracy of total quality management instruments.
Total quality management (TQM) instruments are essential tools in defining concepts identified in an Ishikawa or ¿cause-and-effect¿ diagram. Collecting meaningful and accurate data using TQM instruments is imperative if productivity and quality of care are to be enhanced. This article provides managers with techniques and guidelines that will enhance the reliability and validity of TQM instruments, thereby promoting organization efficiency and customer satisfaction.
Efficiency, Organizational↗
Developing a collaborative community partnership program in medical asepsis with tattoo studios.
The possibility of transmission of infectious agents during tattooing has become a legitimate issue of concern for health care providers. A collaborative educational program was developed by a county health department, College of Nursing, and tattoo artists to address issues of medical asepsis with the goal of producing a mechanism for certification of tattoo studios. The group's effort was enhanced by recognizing each other's value systems and by the mutual need for a successful program. A framework for developing, implementing, and evaluating community partnerships was addressed. This program demonstrated that community health nurses can play an instrumental role in collaborating with both health care providers and personal-service workers to minimize transmission of infectious agents during cosmetic procedures.
Asepsis↗
Family, culture, and health practices among migrant farmworkers.
Migrant farmworkers and their families have restricted access to health and human services because of their frequent relocation between states, language and cultural barriers, and limited economic and political resources. Living and working in substandard environments, these families are at greater risk for developing chronic and communicable disease. In an assessment of health patterns among 225 migrant workers and their families, using personal observations, unstructured interviews, and individual and state health records, children's immunizations were found to be current, but dental caries and head lice were epidemic. Among adults, almost one third tested positive for tuberculosis exposure. Urinary tract infections were the most common health problem among women. Primary and secondary prevention were almost nonexistent because funds for these services were not readily available. The patriarchal system contributes to these problems by limiting access to family-health and social service needs. Although providing comprehensive health care to migrant communities presents unique challenges, nurses can demonstrate their effectiveness in reducing morbidity through strategic interventions and alternative uses of health delivery systems.
Adult↗
Nonlicensed employee turnover in a long-term care facility.
The purpose of this study was to analyze nonlicensed employee turnover in a long-term care facility using Maslow's hierarchy of needs as a framework. During exit interviews, a convenience sample of 34 employees completed an attitudes and beliefs survey regarding their work environment. Findings were mixed; 39.6 percent of the employees stated positive personal relationships were a strength of the organization, although 24.3 percent resigned because of personal/staff conflicts. Financial concerns were not a major factor in their resignations. The study suggests that decreasing nonlicensed employee stress and increasing their personal satisfaction with patient care may decrease employee turnover.
Evaluation Studies as Topic↗