Biomedical subjects

François Rozet

Publications and source records attributed to François Rozet.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

[Place of laparoscopic nephroureterectomy in the treatment of upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma].

The current reference treatment for upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma is open nephroureterectomy via a lumbar incision and an iliac incision with resection of a large bladder cuff: Since the first laparoscopic nephroureterectomy performed in 1991, several teams have studied this approach for the treatment of urinary tract tumours. Laparoscopy has the advantage of decreased morbidity for the patient and allows early return to work. Recent published series do not demonstrate any difference in terms of cancer control between open and laparoscopic nephroureterectomy. However, the follow-up of laparoscopic nephroureterectomy is still limited and the safety of this technique has not been fully demonstrated. It therefore appears preferable to limit the indications for laparoscopic nephroureterectomy to small and/or low-grade tumours to avoid excessive manipulation of large transitional cell carcinomas in a gaseous atmosphere that can predispose to dissemination during dissection. Diagnostic ureteroscopy has therefore become a useful tool in the preoperative assessment. Biopsies can determine the tumour grade and guide the surgeon's choice of surgical approach.

Carcinoma, Transitional Cell↗

PubMed2005

[Laparoscopic treatment of urological malignancies].

This literature review highlights the laparoscopic prostatectomy, partial and total nephrectomy, nephroureterectomy, and total cystectomy. The indications, operative technique, complications and outcomes of each are discussed.

Cystectomy↗

PubMed2005

Laparoscopic assisted radical cystectomy: the montsouris experience after 84 cases.

PURPOSE: Radical cystectomy is the gold standard treatment for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, and the laparoscopic approach is currently being evaluated worldwide. We report our preliminary results of this laparoscopic surgical approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between May 2001 and February 2005, we have performed a total of 84 laparoscopic assisted prostatocystectomies or cystectomies for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder on 71 male and 13 female patients. The 2002 TNM staging for these tumors were: pTa-1: 13 cases; pT2: 59 cases; pT3: 11 cases; pT4: 1 case. Technical aspects are described and the initial results are reported. RESULTS: The median operating time was 280 min. The median blood loss was 550 cc with a transfusion rate of 5%. There has been no conversion to an open technique. COMPLICATIONS: No death, one pulmonary embolism, two urinary fistulas, three haematomas, one pyelonephritis. ONCOLOGICAL RESULTS: The pathology reports confirmed that all the surgical margins were free of tumor invasion. After 18 months of follow up no trocar seeding was observed. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic assisted cystectomy is a feasible technique which results in decreased bleeding and less postoperative pain. Long term follow-up is needed to confirm the oncologic outcomes.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Extraperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: a prospective evaluation of 600 cases.

PURPOSE: We report our experience with the extraperitoneal approach to laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. We describe the technique, clinical and oncological results, and functional outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From February 2002, to March 2004, 600 laparoscopic radical prostatectomies were performed by an extraperitoneal approach and evaluated prospectively. RESULTS: A total of 599 extraperitoneal procedures were performed successfully. Mean operative time was 173 minutes. Mean operative blood loss was 380 cc. The transfusion rate was 1.2%. The major and minor complications rate was 2.3% and 9.2%, respectively. The reoperation rate was 1.7%. Mean hospital stay was 6.3 days. Pathological stage was pT2 and pT3 in 72% and 28% of cases, respectively. Mean Gleason score was 7. The overall positive margin rate was 17.7% (14.6% and 25.6% of pT2 and pT3 tumors, respectively). Median followup was 12 months. Of the patients 95% had prostate specific antigen less than 0.2 ng/ml. Patients were evaluated by a self-questionnaire sent by mail before and after surgery (International Continence Society and International Index of Erectile Function-5). At a median followup of 12 months 84% of the patients were continent (no pad), 7% used 1 precautionary pad and 7% needed 1 pad routinely. At a median followup of 6 months in preoperatively potent patients (International Index of Erectile Function-5 greater than 20) the postoperative erection and intercourse rate was 64% and 43%, respectively, in those with bilateral nerve bundle preservation. CONCLUSIONS: The extraperitoneal technique is a reliable approach to laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.

Aged↗

PubMed2005

[Robotic surgery: toy or tool?].

Telemanipulation has been developed for industrial purposes since the 1970s. More recently, telemanipulated arms entered the operating room. This paper briefly describes the history of surgical robotics and discusses the advantages and disadvantages for both patients and surgeons. The authors advocate the development of robotic surgery, as it facilitates the training of young surgeons and can be useful during certain phases of an operation. Thus, robotic surgery is more a promising tool than a simple toy.

Humans↗

PubMed2004

Robotic radical prostatectomy: the European experience.

Radical prostatectomy is standard treatment for localized prostate cancer in young patients. The shortcomings of the laparoscopic approach have led to the use of robots to improve the precision and accuracy of anatomic dissection. The feasibility of using a remote-controlled robot to perform urologic procedures is established, especially for radical prostatectomy. This article reviews the European experience with robotic radical prostatectomy.

Europe↗

PubMed2004

Extraperitoneal standard laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.

PURPOSE: To describe our preliminary experience with the extraperitoneal approach for laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between February and December 2002, we performed 100 laparoscopic radical prostatectomies by an extraperitoneal approach. RESULTS: Of the procedures, 98 were completed as planned, while conversion to a transperitoneal approach was necessary in 2 patients with previous mesh hernia repair. The mean operative time was 163 minutes. The mean operative blood loss was 375 mL. The transfusion rate was 3%. No rectal, bowel, ureteral, or nervous injury was observed. There were no major complications. There were nine minor complications (four anastomotic leakages, one rectus muscle hematoma, four cases of acute urinary retention). The mean hospital stay was 6.1 days. Mean catheterization lasted 6 days. The pathologic stage was T2a, T2b, T2c, T3a, and T3b in 17%, 22%, 39%, 12%, and 10%, respectively. The mean Gleason score was 7. The margins were positive in 15% of the pT2 and in 35% of the pT3 tumors; 48% of the positive margins occurred in the first 25 cases. The median follow-up was 12 months; 93% of the patients had a serum prostate specific antigen concentration <0.2 ng/mL. No patient has presented with clinical port-site metastasis. All the patients were evaluated by questionnaire sent by mail before and after the surgery. With a median follow-up of 12 months, 86% of the patients were continent (no pads), 7% of the patients used 1 precaution pad, and 7% had need for 1 pad routinely. With a median follow-up of 6 months, among the preoperatively potent patients (IIEF5 >20), the postoperative erection and intercourse rate was 64% and 43% in patients with bilateral and unilateral nerve-bundle preservation, respectively. CONCLUSION: The extraperitoneal technique is a reliable approach for laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. The choice between a transperitoneal or an extraperitoneal approach depends on the surgeon's experience.

Erectile Dysfunction↗

PubMed2004

Transrectal focused ultrasound combined with transurethral resection of the prostate for the treatment of localized prostate cancer: feasibility study.

PURPOSE: We studied the feasibility of combined treatment with high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) and transurethral resection or incision of the prostate for localized prostate cancer to decrease the risk of posttreatment prolonged urinary retention. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Included in this feasibility study were 30 patients fulfilling certain criteria, namely localized prostate cancer indicated for HIFU, age 60 years or older, prostate volume 45 cc or less, no more than 4 positive samples at sextant biopsy, baseline prostate specific antigen (PSA) 10 ng/ml or less and no evidence of cancer extension. They received the combined treatment under general anesthesia using an Ablatherm HIFU device (EDAP SA, Lyon, France). RESULTS: The enrolled patients were a mean of 72 years old and presented with a median prostate volume of 30 cc. Median Gleason score was 6, median PSA was 7 ng/ml and pretreatment sextant biopsies provided a median of 2 positive samples. Mean operative time was 2 hours 48 minutes, including resection and HIFU. An average of 616 HIFU shots were delivered. The urinary catheter was removed at day 2 after treatment. Median hospital stay was 3 days. Only a few complications were observed. In regard to the oncological aspects at a mean of 20 months of followup 86% of the patients had negative biopsies after HIFU. Median PSA was 0.9 ng/ml. At 1 year of followup the mean International Prostate Symptom Score was 8. Regarding sexual function, 73% of previously potent patients reported preserved sexual activity. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of endoscopic resection or incision of the prostate with HIFU treatment decreases urinary catheterization time and improves posttreatment urinary status without additional morbidity.

Aged↗

PubMed2004

Impact of margin size on the incidence of local residual tumor after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.

PURPOSE: Since October 2001 we have performed intraoperative frozen section (IFS) on the posterolateral areas of the radical prostatectomy specimen with bilateral nerve sparing. In cases of positive surgical margin (SMs) the corresponding neurovascular bundle (NVB) was resected. We evaluated the impact of several biological and pathological parameters on the incidence of local residual tumor in the NVB. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 487 laparoscopic radical prostatectomies with bilateral nerve sparing and IFS were performed between October 2001 and December 2003. When IFS was positive, the whole NVB was removed and analyzed after fixation in serial sections. The size of the positive SM was measured in its largest dimension. The association of NVB residual tumor with positive SM size, preoperative prostate specific antigen, pathological stage and Gleason score was analyzed using the t and chi-square tests, and logistic regression. RESULTS: Of the 487 patients 84 had a positive SM on IFS. In 25 of the 84 additionally resected NVBs we found residual tumor. On univariate and multivariate analysis the only predictor of residual tumor was positive SM size (p<0.001). In all cases of a positive SM of 0.1 cm or less we found no residual tumor cells in the NVB. CONCLUSIONS: In case of a positive SM in the posterolateral area of the prostatectomy specimen margin size is predictive of the incidence of residual tumor in the corresponding NVB. This finding could help management and the decision about local adjuvant treatment.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

[Laparoscopic surgery for renal cancers].

327 patients with renal adenocarcinoma underwent laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (n=123), radical open nephrectomy (n=113), laparoscopic partialnephrectomy (n=47) or partial open nephrectomy (n=20) for stage T1 disease. Eighteen patients underwent open radical nephrectomy and six laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for stage T2 and T3 disease. Median tumor size was 9.6 cm after open surgery and 4.1 cm after laparoscopic surgery (p<0.01). Intraoperative blood loss was 254 ml during laparoscopy and 460 ml during open surgery (p<0.01). The hospital stay lasted 4.5 days after laparoscopic surgery and 10 days after open surgery (p<0.01). Complications were the same in the two groups, affecting 21.5 and 27.5% of patients, respectively (NS). Oncological results: stage for stage, the results were identical in the open and laparoscopic groups. The specific actuarial recurrence-free survival rate at 5 years among patients with stage PT1 disease was 97% after open radical nephrectomy and 96.8% after laparoscopic surgery; the corresponding rates were 100% after partial open surgery and 100% after laparoscopic partial surgery. Thus, laparoscopic surgery for renal adenocarcinoma offers identical oncological results to open surgery for patients with non metastatic tumors measuring less than 7 cm. Partial laparoscopic surgery offers the same results as partial open nephrectomy.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2004

[The surgical management of recurrent urological malignancies after primary ablative therapy].

This literature review highlights the surgical management of recurrent urological malignancies after primary ablative therapy. In particular, recurrent nonseminomatous germ cell tumours (NSGCT) post-chemotherapy, recurrent bladder cancer post-cystectomy, loco-regional recurrence of prostate cancer after radiotherapy, and loco-regional recurrence of renal cell carcinoma after radical nephrectomy. The indications, operative technique, complications and outcomes of each malignancy are discussed.

Female↗

PubMed2004

[Value of a visual analogue scale for evaluation of the severity of symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Pilot study in two urology centres].

PURPOSE: One half of French patients over the age of 50 with BPH are not diagnosed. Real difficulties are also currently encountered in the use of the I-PSS in general practice. In this context, the objective of this pilot study was to evaluate the concordance between the I-PSS score and a visual analogue scale (VAS), proposed as a new, precise and easy to use aid to the diagnosis of BPH. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixty five patients (mean age: 66 +/- 9 years, mean I-PSS: 13.6 +/- 7.0) recruited by two urology departments quantified their urinary symptoms by answering the question "How much difficulty do you have problems to urinate?": 7 patients used a 10 cm and a 35 cm VAS, 30 patients used a 15 cm VAS and 28 patients used a 20 cm VAS. All patients also completed the self-administered I-PSS questionnaire. RESULTS: The VAS scores were independent the patient's age. The 4 classes of I-PSS severity were also represented in the VAS groups (p=0.999). The strongest correlation with the I-PSS score was observed with the 20 cm VAS (R=0.91, p<0.0001). This coefficient was 0.26, 0.67 and 0.72 for the 10 cm, 15 cm and 35 cm VAS, respectively. A very close correlation was observed between the evaluation on the 20 cm VAS and the classes of the I-PSS score. Finally, the relationship between the I-PSS subscores and the 20 cm VAS was statistically significant (p<0.0001) with high correlation coefficients (R=0.75 and R=0.87 for irritative and obstructive symptoms, respectively). This VAS did not appear to favour one type of symptoms over another. CONCLUSION: This pilot study on a small number of patients showed that a 20 cm VAS can constitute a simple and precise aid to the detection of BPH. These results must now be validated by a large-scale study, under real general practice conditions.

Aged↗

PubMed2003

Initial results of salvage laparoscopic radical prostatectomy after radiation failure.

PURPOSE: We evaluated the feasibility of laparoscopic radical prostatectomy for recurrence after irradiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Since 2000, 7 patients with biological failure after irradiation (5 external beam radiation and 2 brachytherapy), and no metastasis on computerized tomography and bone scan underwent a transperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy according to the Montsouris technique. The left index finger was placed in the rectum to control the prostatorectal dissection. We call this procedure "finger assisted laparoscopy." RESULTS: Average operating time was 190 minutes (range 170 to 210), average blood loss was 387 cc (range 50 to 1,100) and no patient was transfused. Bladder catheter was removed after an average of 13 days because of the slower tissue healing after irradiation. No death or intraoperative complication occurred. There was no conversion to open surgery. Average postoperative stay was 6.4 days. Average followup was 11.2 months. Of the 7 patients 5 are continent (no pad day or night) and 2 have stress incontinence. All patients are impotent. No patient had urethral stenosis or lymphocele. Prostate specific antigen is lower than 0.1 ng/ml in 5 patients and higher in 2. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic salvage radical prostatectomy after irradiation is feasible with no more morbidity than an open procedure. A longer followup is mandatory to evaluate its usefulness.

Aged↗

PubMed2003

Intraoperative frozen section analysis during nerve sparing laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: feasibility study.

PURPOSE: Nerve sparing radical prostatectomy may allow preservation of potency but it can increase positive surgical margins. We used intraoperative frozen section (IFS) analysis to monitor the nerve sparing procedure in laparoscopic prostatectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 100 patients with localized prostatic carcinoma underwent bilateral intrafascial nerve sparing laparoscopic prostatectomy with IFS. A wedge of tissue was cut from base to apex in the region of the neurovascular bundles (NVBs) and analyzed on frozen section. If carcinoma was detected at the inked margin, the corresponding NVB was resected. Definitive margin status was evaluated after permanent section analysis of IFS prostatectomy specimens and eventually NVB specimens. RESULTS: IFS analysis was positive in 24 patients, as confirmed in all by permanent section of the wedges. Three of these patients had positive margins in the prostate specimen at another site. Of the 76 tumors with negative IFSs 1 had positive margins on permanent sections of the wedges and 8 had positive margins on the prostate specimen at another site. IFS led to a decrease in the overall positive margin status from 33% to 12% and from 26.1% to 7.9% in pT2 tumors. Tumor was found on NVB resection in 8 cases (33%). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that IFS analysis is a reliable method by which to monitor nerve sparing during laparoscopic prostatectomy. IFS could allow the surgeon to offer a nerve sparing procedure more frequently without compromising cancer control.

Erectile Dysfunction↗

PubMed2003

[Use of a previously transplanted kidney for second transplantation].

The constant shortage of renal transplants has led to the selection of unusual donors. We report a case of renal transplantation using a renal transplant that had already been transplanted 29 months previously. To our knowledge, this constitutes the first case of retransplantation of the same organ after long-term implantation in a first recipient.

Cadaver↗

PubMed2002

Non-invasive molecular detection of bladder cancer recurrence.

Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is the most common bladder tumor and approximately 90% of bladder TCC are superficial at initial diagnosis. High recurrence rate and possible progression to muscle invasive disease that is eventually indicated for radical cystectomy are established features of these tumors. Therefore, reliable predictors of tumor recurrence are of critical importance for management of superficial bladder TCC. Successful molecular diagnosis of bladder cancer by detecting genetic lesions: loss of heterozygosity (LOH) or microsatellite instability (MSI) in cells exfoliated in urine has been reported by several groups including ours. The aim of our study was to evaluate the predictive potential of microsatellite analysis of cells exfoliated in urine in the detection of superficial bladder TCC recurrence. We studied 47 Caucasian patients with confirmed superficial bladder TCC (37 pTa, 10 pT1) at initial diagnosis. Blood samples were obtained once from every patient whereas urine samples were collected before each cystoscopy (initial and follow-up). Matched DNAs from blood and urine were subjected to microsatellite analysis in a blinded fashion. The follow-up period ranged 12-48 months after tumor resection. Microsatellite analysis correctly identified 94% (44/47) of primary tumors and 92% (12/13) of tumor recurrences. Interestingly enough, 75% (9/12) of tumor recurrences were molecularly detected 1-9 months before cystoscopic evidence of recurrent disease. This study demonstrated clearly that not only urine microsatellite analysis reliably detected superficial bladder tumors, but also was a reliable test for detecting and predicting tumor recurrence in Caucasian patients. These results warrant multicenter randomized trials.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Hand-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy.

Hand-assisted surgery enjoys the benefits of open surgery while maintaining the post-operative advantages of laparoscopy. Logical indications for its application largely include those cases that require removal of a large amount of tissue intact. Hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery may find application in complex procedures such as radical, partial and difficult nephrectomies.

Female↗

PubMed2002

Perioperative complications of laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: the Montsouris 3-year experience.

PURPOSE: We prospectively evaluated the morbidity, and minor and major complications of laparoscopic radical prostatectomy performed by a single surgical team. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 28, 1998 and February 28, 2001, 567 patients 42 to 77 years old (mean age plus or minus standard deviation 63.5 +/- 6) with clinically localized prostate cancer underwent laparoscopic radical prostatectomy, including 458 (80.6%), without lymphadenectomy. Mean body mass index was 25.3 +/- 2.9 (range 17.3 to 37.5). American Society of Anesthesiologists score was 1 to 3 in 65%, 27% and 8% of cases, respectively. A total of 12 patients (2.1%) had undergone intra-abdominal surgery below the mesocolon and 40 had undergone urological surgery. Intraoperative and postoperative data were recorded as well as all complications and their severity score within the initial 30 days postoperatively. RESULTS: A total of 105 complications were observed in 97 patients (17.1%), including 21 major (3.7%) and 83 minor (14.6%) complications. Of the patients 21 (3.7%) underwent reoperation for a postoperative complication, including 10 (1.76%) who required an intensive care unit stay. Seven cases (1.2%) were converted to conventional retropubic radical prostatectomy. Mean blood loss was 380 +/- 195 ml. and the overall transfusion rate was 4.9%. In 2 patients (0.3%) deep vein thrombosis was associated with another surgical complication but not with pulmonary embolism. Urological, bowel and hemorrhagic complications represented 66.6%, 16.2% and 7.6% (total 89.4%) of all complications, and 20%, 33.3% and 33.3% of all repeat interventions, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy was performed according to the defined protocol with no complications in 82.9% of patients. The morbidity of this approach compares favorably with that of retropubic surgery. Growing experience and knowledge sharing concerning the prevention and early management of these complications would make possible a further decrease in the morbidity of laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.

Adult↗