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Biomedical subjects

François Cornud

Publications and source records attributed to François Cornud.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Inflammatory disorders of the prostate and the distal genital tract.

Inflammatory disease of the prostate and distal genital tract is emerging as a major health problem because it is estimated that up to 15% of adult men may be affected at some point in their lives. Clinically, the diagnosis of "prostatitis" refers to multiple disorders that cause pelvic pain and discomfort, ranging from acute bacterial infection to complex conditions that may not necessarily be caused by prostatic inflammation. Because the traditional etiology-based classification system did not always correlate with symptoms and therapeutic efficacy, a new classification of prostatitis has been suggested by the National Institutes of Health. New imaging techniques such as high-resolution transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) and MR imaging provide exquisite anatomic detail and often play a crucial role in the evaluation of these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Management of a malignant urinary fistula by ureteral embolization with coils.

We report the case of a 42-year-old man with a synovial sarcoma of the prostate, metastatic at presentation, who after aggressive chemotherapy followed by extensive surgery developed a complex pelvic fistula involving the lower ureter, bladder, and enteral structures. The patient was a poor candidate for surgery because of his short life expectancy and poor health status. Conservative management with bilateral nephrostomy tubes did not allow sufficient fistulous output for symptomatic relief. Using the percutaneous access already in place, we performed bilateral ureteral embolization with coils. Complete ureteral occlusion was obtained with a minimally invasive procedure and allowed total symptomatic relief.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Place of contrast imaging in prostate cancer detection].

Contrast imaging of the prostate is based on rapid-sequence MRI after dynamic Gadolinium injection and contrast ultrasound after injection of microbubbles. MRI can be performed routinely on all available machines. Contrast ultrasound requires specific software not yet available on all machines. The two techniques are designed to improve the reliability of imaging, as a complement to MR spectroscopy, to localize prostate cancer MRI can detect suspicious enhancement in the peripheral zone, but especially in the transitional zone after one or a series of negative posterior biopsies to target a new series of biopsies. The sensitivity and specificity of the technique have yet to be determined. The objective of contrast ultrasound is to improve cancer detection on the first series of biopsies by multiplying sextant biopsies in sites where the contrast kinetics are suggestive of a primary lesion. However, this technique cannot yet be recommended in routine practice, as the modalities of injection of the latest generation of microbubbles (bolus or infusion) need to be evaluated.

Contrast Media↗
PubMed2004

[Biopsy technique and biopsy schemes for a first series of prostatic biopsies].

OBJECTIVE: To define the modalities of prostatic biopsies in patients with suspected prostate cancer, particularly concerning prevention of complications, the number of biopsies and the biopsy schemes ensuring an optimal cancer detection rate, and recording of prognostic elements, all with an acceptable morbidity, METHOD: Review of the literature. RESULTS: Information before biopsy: A preliminary visit with oral and written information is necessary before any biopsy procedure in order to: describe the modalities of the procedure to improve the patient's cooperation, detect contraindications, guide preparation, explain the risks and elements of surveillance, and describe the management in the case of complications (level of evidence: IV-3). PREPARATION BEFORE BIOPSY: A single dose of prophylactic antibiotic is necessary before the examination. Longer antibiotic prophylaxis is necessary in patients with risk factors for infection (level of evidence: II). A rectal enema is recommended (level of evidence: III). Routine urine bacteriology and blood coagulation tests are unnecessary (level of evidence: II). In patients taking anticoagulants, this treatment must be stopped before the examination (level of evidence: IV-2). BIOPSY TECHNIQUE: Local anaesthesia with 1% lidocaine by ultrasound-guided injection into the periprostatic spaces is recommended to improve tolerability, when the number of biopsies is > 6 (level of evidence: II-2). General anaesthesia may be necessary in a minority of cases, for local anatomical reasons or when preferred by the patient. Prostatic aspiration biopsies should be performed via a transrectal approach with ultrasound guidance, especially in the absence of a palpable lesion (level of evidence: IV-1). The examination must start with digital rectal examination and complete analysis of the echostructure of the prostate to identify suspicious zones that will also be aspirated. Biopsy scheme as a function of stage: In the case of palpable or visible lesion (stage T2 or T3), at least six transrectal ultrasound-guided lateral sextant biopsies including the peripheral glandular zone at the base, in the middle and at the apex of each lobe as well as a biopsy in a suspicious zone are necessary for cancer detection and staging. Each biopsy must be identified or embedded separately to facilitate identification by the pathologist (level of evidence: IV-1). In the absence of palpable or visible lesion (stage T1a, b, c), another 6 sextant midlobar biopsies are recommended (12 biopsy plan). In the case of prostate volume < 40-50 cm3, the two midlobar biopsies of the apex may be eliminated (10 biopsy plan) (level of evidence: III-2). In the case of prostate volume > 40-50 cm3, anterior biopsies (4 additional biopsies, 16 biopsy scheme) including the glandular zone of benign hyperplasia are not routinely recommended (level of evidence: III-2). In stage T4, a biopsy in each lobe is sufficient for histological confirmation of the diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Complementary studies are necessary to validate the 12 biopsy or 16 biopsy plans, especially as a function of prostatic volume, clinical stage and biopsy sequence (first or second series).

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed2004

[Prostatic cancer].

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Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed2003

[Imaging of cancer prostate].

Imaging of prostate cancer relies mainly on ultrasonography (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). It plays a diagnostic role in detecting and staging prostate carcinomas. Prostate biopsies are performed under endorectal US guidance at best with additional colour Doppler information. US also may provide useful information regarding the significance of an abnormal digital rectal examination sometimes related to some benign prostate alterations that can mimic a neoplastic nodule. In all cases imaging studies need to be interpreted in light of clinical and biological data including the results of biopsy especially in staging carcinoma with MR. Finally, CT and scintigraphy are helpful in screening for distant metastases.

Biopsy↗
PubMed2002

Extraprostatic spread of clinically localized prostate cancer: factors predictive of pT3 tumor and of positive endorectal MR imaging examination results.

PURPOSE: To identify the factor(s) most predictive of pT3 tumor and those most predictive of a positive endorectal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging result in patients with clinically localized prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: At multivariate analysis, five preoperative clinical parameters-prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, digital rectal examination (DRE) result, Gleason score and number of involved sextants at transrectal US-guided biopsy, and endorectal MR imaging result-were used to predict pT3 tumor in 336 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy. On the basis of results of the first four examinations, multivariate analysis was performed also to determine predictors of a positive MR imaging study. RESULTS: Significant predictors of pT3 tumor were positive MR imaging result (P < 2 x 10(-8)), more than one sextant involved at biopsy (P < 5 x 10(-5)), and PSA level greater than 10 ng/mL (P < 7 x 10(-3)). Significant predictors of a positive MR imaging result were three or more sextants involved at biopsy (P < 10(-5)), positive DRE result (P < 5 x 10(-3)), and PSA level greater than 10 ng/mL (P < 16 x 10(-3)). In the subgroup of 175 patients who had at least three positive biopsy specimens, the sensitivity of MR imaging was 50% for detection of occult pT3 tumor and 69% for detection of extensive pT3 tumor. The overall specificity of MR imaging was 95%. CONCLUSION: Endorectal MR imaging seems to be indicated in carefully selected patients-specifically, those with three or more positive biopsy specimens, a palpable tumor, and/or a PSA level greater than 10 ng/mL.

Biopsy↗