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Biomedical subjects

F Wood

Publications and source records attributed to F Wood.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

Management of full thickness burns to lactating breasts.

A 19-year-old female sustained 8 per cent full thickness petrol flame burns to the neck, chest, breasts, upper abdomen and portions of the right upper limb. The patient had been breast-feeding until the time of the injury. Following assessment of the risks of potential complications such as engorgement, hyperprolactinaemia, mastitis, milk fistulae, glandular loss, scarring and nipple distortion, surgical tangential excision was delayed until bromocriptine produced cessation of lactation and breast involution occurred. This case report demonstrates that consideration of the potential problems in burns to the lactating breasts and prophylactic management can lead to successful healing and probable restoration of function.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Vitamin A status in preterm neonates with and without chronic lung disease.

It has been proposed that there is an association between vitamin A (VA) deficiency and the development of chronic lung disease (CLD) in preterm infants. This study was designed to measure the VA status in preterm infants and to compare the results in the group of babies who developed CLD with the group who did not. Vitamin A status was assessed by measuring plasma VA, retinol binding protein (RBP) and the plasma VA:RBP molar ratio in 25 infants of less than 31 weeks gestation during the first 28 days of life. Eleven babies developed CLD and 14 did not. There was no significant difference in plasma VA levels between the CLD and non CLD groups during the first 28 days. The majority of infants had adequate VA status, with a subgroup being deficient.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1993

Strong inference, theory testing, and the neuroanatomy of schizophrenia.

Failure to address the putative etiologic and pathophysiologic heterogeneity of the schizophrenia syndrome and problems in definitive assessment of human brain function have impaired progress in schizophrenia research. New approaches to psychopathology and converging evidence from antemortem and postmortem study can now result in more decisive study of the neuroanatomy and neuropathology of schizophrenia.

Brain↗
PubMed1992

Cerebral brain metabolism in adult dyslexic subjects assessed with positron emission tomography during performance of an auditory task.

Ten dyslexic adults (aged 33.5 +/- 7.3 years, nine men, one woman) and 10 age-, sex- and handedness-matched control subjects (aged 33.6 +/- 5.8 years) performed an auditory syllable discrimination task during 18-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose uptake, and then underwent positron emission tomographic scans. A second normal control group performed an analogous visual discrimination task. Dyslexic subjects experienced greater difficulty and made significantly more errors in performing the auditory task. There were no differences in brain metabolic rates in lateral cortical areas (frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes). A significant difference emerged in the medial temporal lobe, with dyslexic subjects having significantly higher absolute and relative brain metabolism along an anterior-posterior gradient than normal adults. These data support the hypothesis of altered cerebral processing of auditory stimuli in patients with dyslexia.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Contractions to 5-hydroxytryptamine in human coronary artery and human saphenous vein.

Isometric contractions were obtained to 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor agonists in human saphenous vein and human coronary artery. Based on the interaction with the 5-HT2 receptor antagonist ketanserin, both 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptors are involved in contractions of human saphenous vein, but the predominant subtype involved in contractions of human coronary artery is the 5-HT1 receptor.

Coronary Vessels↗
PubMed1988

Glipizide pharmacokinetics in young and elderly volunteers.

The effects of aging on the pharmacokinetics of glipizide were studied. Ten healthy young men (24.9 +/- 1.9 years of age) and 10 healthy older men (74.4 +/- 7.9 years of age) each ingested a single 5-mg tablet of glipizide after an overnight fast. Blood samples were obtained immediately before drug ingestion and at 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 minutes and at 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 24 hours after drug ingestion. Serum samples were assayed for glipizide content by a modified high-pressure liquid chromatographic method. Clearance, volume of distribution at steady state, and half-life were estimated from the serum concentration-time curve data. Area under the concentration-time curve and area under the moments curve were calculated using the trapezoidal rule. The mean values for young and older subjects for time to peak concentration (2.1 versus 2.5 hours), peak concentrations (465 versus 399 micrograms/mL), elimination half-life (4.2 versus 4.0 hours), clearance (38.8 versus 38.1 mL/min), and distribution volume at steady state (12.5 versus 14.3 L) were not significant. However, two older individuals had a markedly prolonged time to peak concentration (six to eight hours). For 8 of the 20 subjects a more prolonged terminal half-life may have existed. Further study is required to determine whether significant pharmacokinetic differences between young and elderly subjects appear with multiple dosing of glipizide.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Focal and diffuse memory activation assessed by localized indicators of CNS metabolism: the semantic-episodic memory distinction.

Methods for in-vivo measurement in humans of local brain activation are reviewed, to assess their potential contribution to the understanding of the brain organization of memory. Methodologically, it is argued that the instructive studies are those: (a) using fully normal subjects; (b) using sufficient sample sizes to account statistically for individual differences; and (c) using properly designed control tasks to isolate relevant independent variables that determine the brain response. The review of emerging data concentrates on the regional cerebral blood flow literature and proposes certain hypotheses for further test, based on extant findings. These include: (a) that hyperfrontality of cortical activation signals the type of processing that converts material from episodic to semantic memory; (b) that semantic remembering itself is likely to engage focal association areas relevant to the particular task (e.g. Wernicke's area in language tasks); but (c) that episodic remembering, even when task components such as language are controlled, will engender a less focal but more diffuse activation pattern than would a control semantic remembering task.

Brain↗
PubMed1984

Correlation of myocardial echo contrast disappearance rate ("washout") and severity of experimental coronary stenosis.

The relation between experimental coronary stenosis and myocardial contrast echo disappearance rate ("washout") was investigated in anesthetized closed chest dogs. Of 13 dogs, 8 had serial contrast echographic studies with two successive degrees of coronary stenosis (50 and 70%) produced by threading stenotic plugs into the proximal left circumflex coronary artery. Studies were repeated with complete coronary occlusion achieved by inflation of an intracoronary balloon immediately proximal to the plugs. Myocardial contrast echograms were recorded in short-axis cross sections of the left ventricle after intracoronary injection of 2 ml hand-agitated saline-Renografin solution through a catheter placed in the coronary artery. An echo contrast washout index (t 1/2) was measured by digital processing computer analysis of successive end-diastolic images obtained by two-dimensional echocardiography during myocardial contrast agent injection. The injection to injection correlation coefficient of these t 1/2 measurements was satisfactory (r = 0.87, standard error of estimate 4.8 seconds). Involved segment t 1/2 measurements were found to be significantly altered by intracoronary stenosis and occlusion, ranging from 23 +/- 6 seconds (mean +/- standard deviation) in the control state, 29 +/- 9 and 44 +/- 10 seconds for 50 and 70% stenosis, respectively, and 104 +/- 35 seconds for total occlusion. It was concluded that myocardial contrast two-dimensional echocardiographic measurement of t 1/2 appears to be a useful index of the degree of coronary stenosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Myocardial contrast two-dimensional echocardiography: comparison of contrast disappearance rates in normal and underperfused myocardium.

A computer algorithm was developed and applied to measure brightness decay rates of myocardial contrast opacification observed with two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE). An agitated mixture of diatrizoate meglumine and saline (Renografin-saline) was injected into the left main coronary artery of 17 closed-chest dogs during the control state as well as after placement of an intracoronary plug to induce 85% stenosis in the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) in five dogs. In 12 dogs, injections were also performed distally to complete intracoronary balloon occlusion of the LAD. For each injection, up to 35 electrocardiographic-gated, end-diastolic 2DE frames were digitized into an image-processing computer that determined mean pixel brightness of each of 12 myocardial segments per 2DE short-axis cross-section. Time-activity curves for each segment were generated, and contrast decay half-life (t 1/2) was calculated. Mean t 1/2 for control-state injections was found to be 24.1 +/- 7.7 sec, as opposed to 293.8 +/- 164.5 sec after complete coronary occlusion (p less than .001). In the five dogs in which 85% LAD stenosis was induced, prolongation of contrast t 1/2 from 18.3 +/- 8.9 sec during control to 44.3 +/- 21.0 sec (p less than .001) after plug insertion occurred in myocardial segments subserved by the stenosed vessel. No significant change occurred in segments that were not supplied by the stenosed vessel (21.9 +/- 9.1 sec during control vs 24.9 +/- 11.6 after plug insertion into the LAD). A reproducibility study of injection-to-injection t 1/2 in the control state indicated a correlation coefficient of r = .84 and a standard error of the estimate (SEE) equal to 5.86 sec, while interobserver t 1/2 reproducibility was r = .91 and SEE = 5.21 sec. The t 1/2 measurement derived by computer analysis of myocardial contrast 2DE may serve as an index for characterization of regional myocardial blood flow and may be applicable to evaluate interventions that alter perfusion.

Animals↗