Biomedical subjects

F Wirth

Publications and source records attributed to F Wirth.

13 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1991

Mechanism of gastric emptying of a nondisintegrating radiotelemetry capsule in man.

We studied the mechanism of gastric emptying of a pH-sensitive radiotelemetry capsule with respect to phases of the interdigestive migrating motor complex (IMMC) in fasting normal volunteers and the effect of the Heidelberg capsule (HC) on the duration or timing of the IMMC phases. A manometric catheter with eight mounted solid-state strain gauges was passed transnasally and positioned fluoroscopically in the duodenum and jejunum in four normal, fasted male volunteers, in their right lateral position. The HC was administered orally following the establishment of one complete IMMC cycle (defined by the recording time between the end of two subsequent phase III activity fronts) and during the beginning of Phase I of the next cycle. The gastric residence time (GRT) of the HC was measured as the time of a gastric pH rise of greater than or equal to 3.0 units. In three subjects, GRT of the HC lasted to within 5 min of the onset of the next duodenal phase III of the IMMC, while in the fourth subject, the HC passed during the second phase III activity front. There were no significant differences in the duration of each phase of duodenal IMMC in the presence or absence of the HC (Phase I, 54 +/- 9.3 vs 31.6 +/- 10.1; Phase II, 22 +/- 8.1 vs 58.9 +/- 32; Phase III, 5.3 +/- 0.7 vs 4.2 +/- 0.7 min; mean +/- SE; P greater than 0.1 in all phases). In addition, the HC had no effect on motility index or patterns of contractions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1987

A controlled study of the nephrotoxicity of mezlocillin and amikacin in the neonate.

The nephrotoxicity of the aminoglycoside amikacin sulfate was evaluated in an open, controlled study of newborns with presumed neonatal sepsis. One hundred twelve neonates were randomly allocated to receive either amikacin-ampicillin or mezlocillin, a semisynthetic penicillin. Neonates receiving amikacin, in contrast to those receiving mezlocillin, showed significant nephrotoxicity as evidenced by a delayed postnatal fall in mean serum creatinine level (82 to 80 mumol/L [0.93 to 0.90 mg/dL] vs 84 to 72 mumol/L [0.95 to 0.82 mg/dL]) and a delayed postnatal rise in mean creatinine clearance per kilogram of body weight (12% vs 38%). Furthermore, 40% of neonates receiving amikacin-ampicillin compared with 19% of neonates receiving mezlocillin had a decline in creatinine clearance (greater than 25%). There was no relationship between amikacin nephrotoxicity and either peak or trough amikacin levels. In summary, in a controlled study of the use of amikacin and mezlocillin in neonates, the combination of amikacin and ampicillin proved more nephrotoxic to the newborn kidney.

Amikacin↗

PubMed1987

A controlled study of the nephrotoxicity of mezlocillin and gentamicin plus ampicillin in the neonate.

The nephrotoxicity of the aminoglycoside gentamicin was evaluated in an open, controlled study of newborn infants randomly allocated to receive either combination drug therapy with gentamicin and ampicillin or single drug therapy with mezlocillin for treatment of presumed neonatal sepsis. There were no significant differences in initial clinical characteristics between the groups. Neonates receiving gentamicin, in contrast to those receiving mezlocillin, had significant nephrotoxicity manifested by a smaller postnatal fall in mean serum creatinine concentration (-9%, P NS vs -21%, P less than 0.005, respectively) and a diminished postnatal rise in mean creatinine clearance (+ 21%, P NS vs + 51%, P less than 0.01, respectively). In neonates with a fall in creatinine clearance, the mean decline was significantly greater in those receiving gentamicin (44% vs 20%, P less than 0.01). There was no relationship between the incidence of gentamicin nephrotoxicity and either peak or trough gentamicin levels. For treatment of presumed neonatal sepsis, gentamicin proved more nephrotoxic than mezlocillin.

Ampicillin↗

PubMed1985

Kinetic nephelometric determination of transthyretin and retinol-binding protein in neonatal serum.

We have developed a kinetic immunonephelometric method for the determination of retinol-binding protein and modified the method of Jacob et al (Clin Chem 1983; 29: 564) for the determination of transthyretin (prealbumin) in neonatal serum specimens from small, premature infants. The methodologies allow detection of 17.5 mg/l transthyretin and 1.7 mg/l retinol-binding protein in 25 microliter of serum. Between-run precision studies using pooled neonatal serum gave CV values of 3% and 5-6% for transthyretin and retinol-binding protein, respectively. Results obtained for neonatal specimens using this method agreed well with those obtained for the same specimens using radial immunodiffusion. Mean (SD) serum concentrations for 39 neonatal specimens were 100.4 (46.6) and 26.3 (10.8) mg/l for transthyretin and retinol-binding protein, respectively.

Humans↗

PubMed1985