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Biomedical subjects

F Willgeroth

Publications and source records attributed to F Willgeroth.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

[Image quality in film and xero mammography. Second paper. Reproduction of medium range contrast (author's transl)].

In our first paper we dealt with the reproduction of low contrast ranges during the radiological examination of the breast. In the present paper we are concerned with medium contrast ranges, using a semi-objective procedure. This again depended on visual evaluation of test films of grids with variable grid ratios. For mammography rotating molybdenum and tungsten tubes with various filters were available. The advantages of xere radiography in rendering detail were less marked in these medium contrast ranges. The disadvantage of scatter is again less marked, but the resolution of non screen film for small and medium-sized objects is considerably greater. However, xero-radiography, using a tungsten tube with 0.5 mm. Al. filtration represents a satisfactory compromise between image quality and radiation dose for the demonstration of small and medium contrast ranges.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1979

Early detection of ductal breast cancer: the diagnostic procedure for grouped microcalcifications.

Mammography and xeroradiography for grouped microcalcifications are considered the most effective diagnostic methods to detect occult breast carcinoma. Radiography must direct the surgeon to excise the nonpalpable area. The removal of the tissue with grouped microcalcifications must be confirmed by intraoperative radiological control. The histologic preparation must be guided by radiographic controls. Tissue with calcific deposits is examined by step sections. The diagnostic success depends upon the cooperation between the radiologist, the surgeon, and the pathologist. Our results from 1964 to 1977 have shown a frequency of 14.4% of occult carcinoma. Ductal or lobular carcinomata in situ have been diagnosed in 8.9%. In 9.9% of the patients, cystic disease with severe and atypical proliferations has been encountered.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1978

[A comparison of various mammographic techniques using freshly amputated breasts (author's transl)].

In order to compare the performance of various mammographic techniques, xeroradiograms were obtained of sixteen freshly amputated breasts using tungsten and molybdenum rotating anodes. A film without screens (Kodak Definix Medical) and a film-screen system (screens: MR50, film Mammoray RP 3 PE FW) were employed. Exposures during xeroradiography were varied in that, when using the tungsten tube, a 2.5 mm. aluminium filter was added to the 0.5 mm. aluminium filtration inherent in the tube; when using the molybdenum tube, there was a choice between 0.03 mm. Mo. and 0.5 mm. aluminium filtration. The xeroradiograms obtained with the molydenum tube and molybdenum filter were of good quality, as were those obtained with this type of tube and nonscreen film. In view of the carcinogenetic risk of mammography, it is open to discussion whether one should aim at optimal film quality, since improved quality is associated with a higher radiation dose to the breast, or whether one should be satisfied with "adequate" quality. In our series the quality produced by the film-screen combination was, in general, acceptable. Compared with all other procedures, this system produces the lowest radiation dose of any mammographic technique. For this reason further improvements in technique, such as automatic exosure devices, film-screen packs suitable for routine use and improved quality of image are of practical interest.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1978

[Xeromammography (author's transl)].

Film- and xeromammography are good diagnostic methods of breast diseases. Concerning praeclinical situations xeromammography is as well as film-mammography. Radiation hazard of xeromammography is on a lower range.

Breast Diseases↗
PubMed1978

[The fluoroscopic detection of micro-calcifications of the breast during the operation in the excisional biopsy material (author's transl)].

In 101 excisional biopsies of the breast the biopsy material was examined fluoroscopically in the operating room for micro-calcifications with a specially constructed X-ray machine. This method of operation and control has the advantage of shortening the operative time and avoiding additional radiation to the breast. The surgeon becomes independent of a radiologist for control. Very accurate excisional biopsies of clinical obscure lesions in the breast become possible.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[The value of pneumocystography in diagnosis of breast tumours (author's transl)].

Pneumocystography was performed regularly in mammographically benign tumours. During 1974 and 1975 16892 breast were investigated radiographically of which 1031 had palpable tumours. In 614 cases the results of palpation correlated with radiography and indicated a cyst. These tumours were punctured with the aim of demonstrating the cyst wall by air filling and subsequent pneumocystography. This procedure enabled 4 out of 10 women (430 out of 1031) to avoid operation despite clinically palpable tumours. In 184 cases biopsy was necessary. In 12 cases the pneumocystogram showed tumours needing excision in addition to unremarkable cysts, in 11 cases the cyst walls showed radiological changes, 161 tumours were apparently solid. Since December 1975 we have started to aspirate breasts with radiographically suspected cysts in the absence of palpable tumour and to perform a pneumocystogram. This attempt was successful in all 19 cases. Removal of unremarkable cysts should not be accepted any longer. Prior to removal of a palpable tumour of the breast radiological investigated is indicated.

Air↗
PubMed1977

[Image quality in film and xero-mammography. I. Rendering of low contrast values (author's transl)].

The rendering of low contrast values by various mammographic imaging systems was investigated by a semi-objective procedure. Test exposures of a line raster with variable line widths were evaluated visually. Significantly better results were achieved by a xero-radiographic method. This was better than non-screen mammographic film in terms of object size, lower sensitivity to scatter and better resolution. The use of a tungsten rotating anode, with about 0.5 mm. Al filter, in xeromammography provided a satisfactory compromise between image quality and radiation dose in the rendering of low contrast studies.

Humans↗
PubMed1976

[Single-view mammography (author's transl)].

Single-view mammography was performed in 12123 women (22321 pictures) so that the entire breast tissue was visualised. In 223 patients the results were compared with histological findings obtained subsequently. The high percentage of agreement indicates that the single-view examination is highly reliable.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1976

Xeroradiography of the breast with an improved technique.

Xeromammograms taken by the technique described by Wolfe and Lutterbeck are time consuming as compared to filmmammography. As there is no automatic exposure setting, about 20% of our xeroradiographs had to be repeated on account of wrong exposures. That's why we developed a new attachment ensuring a good compression of the breast and equipped with an automatic exposure timing. We use this since October 1974. All xeromammograms are taken with the patients within a short time. Usually there is no need to repeat a xeromammogram because of wrong exposure.

Female↗
PubMed1976

[Microcalcifications on the mammaogram, surgical clarification and histologic findings. Concerning the problem of the diagnosis of occult carcinoma of the breast (author's transl)].

Microcalcifications on the mammogram could be an important indication for an occult carcinoma. Up until 31 December 1976, we intentionally removed such grouped microcalcifications 218 times in a group of 17,523 examined females (32,245 mammographs). The selection was confirmed radiologically. The acquired material was then examined histologically via an complicated technique. We found 35 carcinomas and 89 proliferating mastopathies of which 34 required at least strict supervision and sometimes additional treatment. - With strict indications, one-third of the previously clarified cases revealed disorders requiring treatment. In over one-half of the cases, the films indicated nothing of a serious nature. It must, however, be noted that an existing cancer is not always discovered in spite of the intentional excision of microcalcifications. This only serves as an indirect indication.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1976

[Pathologic discharge from the breast. Galactography and histologic clarification (author's transl)].

Up until 31 December 1975, 1646 galactograms were made in 1150 female patients. The intentional segment resection and then the histologic preparation via complicated technique adapted to the excision was conducted 371 times. - In 99 out of 100 cases, an anatomic substrate could be found for the discharge. We were unable to discover any pathological finding to explain the discharge in only 3 cases (0.8%). Included in the benign processes were 170 cases of duct papillomas (45.8%). In these cases segment resection is also adequate therapy. - Approximately 8% of the excisions revealed cancer. In additional 12%, serious proliferative processes in the breast were found which should, at least, be kept under careful clinical supervision. - Galactography used in combination with an adapted surgical and histologic technique to diagnose not only a carcinoma which has evaded other methods of detection but also possible preliminary stages is a valuable procedure.

Breast↗
PubMed1976

Radiation exposure of the breast in film- and xero-mammography.

In addition to other advantages, xeoradiography, compared with film-mammography, seems to result in a lower radiation dosage to the breast. In order to get some valid information concerning this point, depth dose measurements, were carried out in a plexiglas phantom for the different radiographic factors used in film- and xero-mammography. It could be shown that the exposure of the skin and the mean exposure of the breast are generally lower in xero-mammography than in film-mammography, and that this difference increased with increasing thickness of the breast. Therefore it can be concluded that xero-mammography should be preferred on account of its lower radiation exposure, whenever it is possible from the diagnostic point of view.

Breast Neoplasms↗