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Biomedical subjects

F W Smith

Publications and source records attributed to F W Smith.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

A preliminary investigation of 67Ga citrate distribution in hyperferraemic patients.

Scanning for malignant or inflammatory lesions with 67Ga citrate currently has a number of major limitations. In an effort to improve visualisation of the abdomen and pelvis, and to reduce the time between 67Ga citrate injection and the scan (usually 72 h) a series of patients was given an intramuscular injection of 100 mg iron-sorbitol citric acid complex (jectofer) two hours prior to receiving an intravenous injection of 67Ga citrate. Laboratory measurements on blood samples removed at different times showed that this pre-treatment altered radically both the amount of free transferrin and the level of 67Ga activity in the blood pool for the majority of patients. Follow up of 30 patients entered in this preliminary trial showed that when 24 h and 48 h scans were analysed together, accuracy in the diagnosis and localisation of pathological lesions was at least as good as by the standard method. We believe that by saturating the free transferrin with iron, uptake into normal soft tissues may be modified sufficiently to enhance significantly the tumour to background ratio, thereby making earlier scanning possible. Investigations are continuing.

Citrates↗
PubMed1980

Unsuspected costo-vertebral fractures demonstrated by bone scanning in the child abuse syndrome.

Many patterns of injury have been described in the child abuse syndrome. Until recently, all the bone manifestations of this syndrome have been diagnosed radiologically. Four cases of multiple costovertebral fracture diagnosed by bone scan are described and their etiology discussed. The use of bone scanning in identifying fractures which previously would have been missed is advocated.

Child Abuse↗
PubMed1980

"Stasis"--a test for vesico-ureteric orifice competence in children with reflux.

Intravenous radionuclide cystography (IVRNC) with one injection on 99m-Tc-DTPA measures renal function and detects vesico-renal reflux [1, 2, 3]. This paper describes a possible means of detecting incompetent ureteric orifices during IVRNC examinations. In some patients a hold-up of material in the renal areas (stasis) was observed which suddenly cleared at micturition. A prospective study of 58 patients who had IVRNC and cystoscopy within 28 days of each other revealed that 76.3% had anatomically abnormal ureteric orifices on the same side as the stasis. This contrasted with only 12.8% of abnormal uretic orifices found in patients not showing stasis (p less than 0.005). As incompetent ureteric orifices are recognised as the major aetiological factor in vesico-renal reflux [4, 5, 6] this additional information gained at IVRNC could be of clinical use and perhaps avoid some cystoscopies.

Child↗
PubMed1980

Scintigraphic appearances of osteoid osteoma.

A series of 42 osteoid osteomas is reviewed, and the scintigraphic appearances are described. In all cases, a marked, well-localized area of increased activity was demonstrated at the tumor site in both the blood-pool and standard two-hour images. The blood-pool images were performed after the injection of technetium-99m methylene diphosphate which showed a small hyperemic lesion in all cases of osteoid osteoma, thus distinguishing this tumor from other lesions which may show uptake of radionuclide activity after two hours.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Primary neuroblastoma uptake of 99mtechnetium methylene diphosphonate.

Forty patients, ages three days to 12 years, with neuroblastomas had bone scans with 99mtechnetium methylene diphosphonate (99mTc-MDP) as part of their pretreatment examination. Twenty-four (60%) had primary tumor uptake and 16 (40%) did not. No difference was seen between the two groups in the incidence of tumor calcification or necrosis. No relationship between the level of urinary vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) and the presence of primary tumor uptake of 99mTc-MDP was found. The possible causes for the localization of 99mTc-MDP are discussed.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1979

Renal osteopenia - an assessment of long-term therapy with vitamin D analogues.

Renal bone disease was assessed for an average of 5.5 years in 9 patients on maintenance haemodialysis. The investigative methods included serial biochemical estimations, radiographic skeletal surveys and quantitative bone histology. Repeated bone mineral analyses and neutron activation analyses of a hand were also performed in order to monitor changes in skeletal calcium content. Before treatment, progressive osteodystrophy was demonstrated by all techniques. Following therapy with the vitamin D analogues, all patients noted symptomatic improvement; serum alkaline phosphatase reverted to normal and serum parathyroid hormone concentrations decreased. Radiographically, subperiosteal erosions healed while the histological features of osteomalacia and osteitis fibrosa were abolished. Both bone mineral and neutron activation analyses indicated that progressive skeletal demineralisation had been halted. However, a sustained increase in the overall mineral content of bone was not demonstrated. Thus, vitamin D therapy although improving the biochemical, radiological, and histological features of renal osteodystrophy may not restore bone mass to osteopenic bone.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Flexible sigmoidoscopy as a screening procedure for neoplasia of the colon.

Two hundred asymptomatic United States veterans older than 40 years of age were evaluated with a flexible sigmoidoscope plus Hemoccult stool tests. Mean distance and time for the former were 56.4 centimeters and 7.4 minutes, respectively. There were no complications. Polyps greater than or equal to 0.5 centimeter in diameter were found in 11.9 per cent of those older than 50 years. No polyps of this size were found in patients younger than 50 year of age. Results of Hemoccult tests were negative in 83.3 per cent of those with polyps. A flexible sigmoidoscope is a safe, rapid and effective means of identifying that portion of the asymptomatic adult population having colonic polyps. For this purpose, it is vastly more sensitive than Hemoccult stool testing. Because of the relationship between colonic polyps and carcinoma, this technique may prove invaluable in the identification of those patients with an increased potential for the development of carcinoma of the colon.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

A technique for restoring abutments for removable partial dentures.

A technique was presented to restore a removable partial denture abutment so that the removable denture can continue to be used. The technique uses cold-curing acrylic resin in a rubber base impression form. The technique can be adapted to both direct and indirect procedures.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1978

The radiological assessment of gastric acid output in chronic renal failure.

The presence of hypertrophied gastric and duodenal mucosa as seen in the barium meal examination has been widely accepted as indicating an increase in gastric acid content. The present study of 31 uraemic patients undergoing maintenance haemodialysis suggests that in the uraemic patient this is not the case. Nineteen showed hypertrophy of the gastric mucosa radiologically but only eight had an abnormal pattern of gastric secretion. Of the 12 patients with a normal gastric and duodenal mucosal pattern, four showed an increase in the acid output of the stomach. It is concluded that the radiologist should beware of equating hypertrophy of the gastric and duodenal mucosa with a high gastric acid output in the chronically uraemic patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Xeroradiography of the hand in patients with renal osteodystrophy.

The hands of 40 patients with chronic renal failure and varying degrees of renal osteodystrophy were studied. The xerograph and radiograph of each patient were compared, assessing the degree of subperiosteal erosion, and of vascular, capsular and ectopic calcification. While the changes of osteodystrophy were clearly demonstrated on the xeroradiographs, they were also seen on the radiographs, even when only minor changes were present. The authors prefer the xeroradiograph for the measurement of the metacarpal cortical thickness, because of the sharp medial border of the cortex afforded by the "edge enhancement" of this technique.

Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder↗
PubMed1977

Fiberoptic pansigmoidoscopy. An evaluation and comparison with rigid sigmoidoscopy.

A flexible 60-cm fiberoptic sigmoidoscope was evaluated in 139 patients. In 120 patients flexible sigmoidoscopy was compared with routine rigid sigmoidoscopy with respect to patient tolerance, distance of inspection, procedure time, and diagnostic yield. All patients were prepared with a single cleansing enema, and given no analgesia. Despite the fact that the flexible instrument was inserted nearly 3 times as far into the colon (55 cm versus 20 cm), more patients preferred the flexible examination. Significant pathological lesions were discovered by the flexible examination in 39% of patients, whereas rigid sigmoidoscopy discovered lesions in only 13%. Fluoroscopy performed during flexible sigmoidoscopy in 19 additional patients revealed that the instrument tip had reached the descending colon or beyond in 84% of patients. There were no complications. The flexible fiberoptic pansigmoidoscope offers promise as a practical diagnostic tool for a rapid and complete examination in patients with suspected colorectal diseases.

Adolescent↗