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Biomedical subjects

F W Kemp

Publications and source records attributed to F W Kemp.

25 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Red cell sorbitol and diabetic control.

There is a disagreement about the value of red cell sorbitol as an indicator of diabetic control. We studied 7 insulin requiring diabetics, one for 10 days and 6 for 24 hours. In the 10-day study, blood samples were obtained every 4-6 hours. Sequential analysis of plasma glucose and red cell sorbitol levels showed that simultaneous levels had the best correlation r = 0.534, P less than .001. In the 24-hour studies, blood samples were obtained at 1 to 4-hour intervals. Three of the 6 patients showed the best correlation between simultaneous plasma glucose and red cell sorbitol, with r = 0.727 to 0.957 and P less than .001 to P less than .07. When plasma glucose values were compared to red cell sorbitol levels 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 h later, correlation coefficients were not as good as the simultaneous comparison. We conclude that the measurement of red cell sorbitol correlates well with simultaneous plasma glucose in some but not all diabetic subjects and provides no additional information to the clinician.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The metabolic fate of exogenous sorbitol in the rat.

Dietary sorbitol is rapidly converted to fructose and other carbohydrates in the liver, but its metabolic fate has not been studied rigorously. Twenty-four rats were given 20.4 muCi [14C]sorbitol with 100 mg of sorbitol, and groups of six were killed at 1, 3, 6, and 24 hours after sorbitol administration. Rats were also fed 6.9 muCi [14C]sorbitol for 7 or 14 days. Serum, liver, and lens were analyzed for 14C-labeled sorbitol, fructose, and glucose by using high-performance liquid chromatography. Negligible radioactivity (1.1%) was found in the gastrointestinal content at 24 hours indicating virtually complete absorption. Most of the radioactivity was recovered in the glucose fraction in serum, liver and lens. Glucose and fructose concentrations showed some decline by day 14 compared with day 7 in serum and liver. However, in the lens, sorbitol showed a peak value at the end of the 14th day (37.5 +/- 9.9 micrograms/pair). These findings suggest that: 1) after oral administration, sorbitol is completely absorbed, and 2) that there is a finite accumulation of sorbitol and fructose in the lens in 14 days. Although the radioactive label indicated the exogenous origin of these carbohydrates, it is not certain whether the sorbitol is converted to glucose before entering and accumulating in the lens.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1982

Balance and tissue distribution of vanadium after short-term ingestion of vanadate.

Forty-six female Sprague-Dawley rats (170-200 g) were randomly assigned to one of six treatment groups receiving 0.1, 5.0, or 25.0 ppm dietary vanadium with either normal (0.13 mEq/g) or high (1.82 mEq/g) dietary potassium. Supplemental vanadium was administered as sodium metavanadate. These diets were fed for 2 weeks, and all feces and urine collected. At the end of the treatment period, brain, liver, renal cortex and medulla, whole blood, and plasma were obtained and analyzed for vanadium by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, as were the urine and feces samples. Tissue vanadium concentration increased significantly (P less than 0.00001) with increasing food vanadium content, but were not affected by dietary potassium in spite of the polyuria induced in animals on the high potassium diets. The highest vanadium concentrations were found in the renal cortex and the lowest, in the brain. Although urinary vanadium excretion was higher in animals fed the high potassium diets, a relatively small percentage of ingested vanadium was excreted in the urine. Rats fed diets containing no supplemental sodium metavanadate (0.1 ppm vanadium) were in negative vanadium balance, but their growth was not inhibited. Animals receiving 5.0 and 25.0 ppm vanadium diets retained 39.7 +/- 18.5% of ingested vanadium and excreted 59.1 +/- 18.8% of ingested vanadium in the feces. These values indicate greater absorption and retention of ingested vanadium than found In previously reported investigations.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Effect of aurothioglucose on liver and kidney concentrations of copper, iron, manganese and zinc.

Sixty male Swiss-Webster mice were given intraperitoneal injections of the gold-containing drug aurothioglucose in saline at 3 dose levels: 50, 200, and 400 mg/kg. Controls received i.p. injections of saline. Ten injections were administered over a 3-week period. After sacrifice, kidney and liver concentrations of gold, copper, zinc, iron, and manganese were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and tissues were examined by light microscopy. Dose related increases in liver and kidney gold were found and kidney copper also increased significantly with increasing renal gold content. Kidney copper was 5.05 +/- 0.80 ppm in control animals, and 7.81 +/- 1.11 ppm, 13.01 +/- 2.49 ppm, and 17.11 +/- 4.02 ppm in mice receiving 50, 200, and 400 mg/kg aurothioglucose respectively. Renal zinc and liver zinc and copper were also significantly (P less than 0.01) increased in mice receiving the highest dose of aurothioglucose. There were no other statistically significant differences in tissue concentrations among the various groups of animals for the other liver and kidney metal concentrations determined. Tubular epithelial cells of aurothioglucose-dosed animals often had cytoplasmic vacuoles which contained granular brown-gold material; this effect was dose-related.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Composition of tobaccos from countries with high and low incidences of lung cancer. I. Selenium, polonium-210, Alternaria, tar, and nicotine.

Tobaccos from countries with high and low incidences of lung cancer were analyzed. Tobacco concentrations of polonium-210 were similar in cigarettes from high- and low-incidence countries, as were levels of cigarette smoke tar and nicotine. Tobaccos from low-incidence countries had significantly lower Alternaria spore counts. Mean selenium concentrations of tobaccos from the high-incidence countries (0.16 +/- 0.05 micrograms/g) were significantly lower than those of tobaccos from the low-incidence countries (0.49 +/- 0.22 micrograms/g).

Alternaria↗
PubMed1978

Plasma concentrations of calcium, chromium, copper, iron, magnesium, and zinc in maternal and cord blood and their relationship to low birth weight.

A study of the relationship between low birth weight and concentrations of six metals in maternal and cord plasma was conducted. Maternal and cord blood were collected at delivery. Cases and controls were matched for maternal age (+/- 3 yr), race, parity, socioeconomic status, and smoking habits and the sex of the neonate. Plasma concentrations of calcium, copper, magnesium, and zinc were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry; plasma chromium and iron concentrations were determined by flameless atomic absorption techniques. Mean maternal plasma concentrations were significantly lower in the low-birth-weight group than in the controls for iron (p = 0.012) and calcium (p = 0.007). Mean cord plasma concentrations were also significantly lower for calcium (p = 0.037). There were no statistically significant differences between the low- and normal-birth-weight groups for the maternal or cord chromium, copper, magnesium, and zinc concentrations or for the cord iron concentrations. It is probably true that many factors, acting additively or synergistically, can produce low birth weight, and that low birth weight acts only as a marker for a number of biologic insults. The results of this study suggest that nutrient metals may be one of these factors.

Calcium↗