Biomedical subjects

F W Edens

Publications and source records attributed to F W Edens.

96 records · Page 6Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Tracheal cilia response to exogenous niacin in drinking water of turkey poults infected with Bordetella avium.

Niacin was added daily to the drinking water of control and Bordetella avium-infected turkey poults at a dosage of 0, 70, and 280 mg/liter over a 2-week experimental period. Fourteen days postinoculation, tracheal sections were examined by histological and morphometrical analysis of cilia, as well as agar plate isolation for bacteria. Infected poults exhibited a 96-97% loss of cilia along the tracheal epithelial border, compared with only a 4-5% loss in controls. Infected poults receiving niacin in the drinking water exhibited only a 61.0% and 76.0% loss of cilia at doses of 70 mg/liter and 280 mg/liter, respectively. The results indicate that niacin treatment may influence the pathogenicity of B. avium infection.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of fasting on plasma thyroid and adrenal hormone levels in turkey poults infected with Bordetella avium.

Plasma triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and corticosterone (CS) were measured in fasted and nonfasted control and Bordetella avium-infected poults. The stress of B. avium infection increased plasma CS, and fasting for 24 hours caused a further significant increase in CS levels. Plasma T3 was not affected by the infection, but fasting caused a significant reduction in both control and infected poults. Plasma T4 of fasted poults was increased in both control and infected groups, but infection attenuated the plasma T4 response. Total iodothyronines were increased in the control-fasted poults more than in infected-fasted poults, indicating a reduced responsiveness to stress by the thyroids of infected poults. Changes in plasma thyroid hormones and CS partially explain the decreased body weight gain and decreased body temperature after exposure to B. avium.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Brain monoamine concentrations in turkey poults infected with Bordetella avium.

Six hours post-hatch, large white turkey poults were inoculated intranasally with 5 X 10(7) organisms of the "W" isolate of Bordetella avium. Three hours after inoculation and subsequently on days 7, 10, 14, 21, and 28 postinoculation, 30 infected and 30 uninfected control poults were injected intramuscularly with alpha methylparatyrosine (AMPT, 250 mg/kg), and an additional 30 of each group received a saline vehicle. Three hours after AMPT injection, whole brains from treated and untreated poults from both infected and control groups were removed, weighed, and frozen until assayed for norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), and serotonin (5-HT). B. avium-infected poults had a significant reduction in steady-state NE and Da and a greater depletion of NE and DA after AMPT treatment compared with control poults. Infected poults had significantly reduced whole brain 5-HT concentrations, which persisted through 21 days postinoculation. Altered brain NE, DA, and 5-HT concentrations suggest that the B. avium-infected poults may be less able to cope with additional stressors.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of Bordetella avium on lymphoid tissue monoamine concentrations in turkey poults.

Six hours post-hatch, large white turkey poults were inoculated intranasally with 5 x 10(7) cells of the W isolate of Bordetella avium. Three hours after inoculation and subsequently on days 7, 10, 14, 21, and 28 postinoculation, poults from infected and control groups were killed by cervical dislocation. Thymus, spleen, and bursa of Fabricius were removed, weighed, and frozen until assayed for norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), and serotonin (5HT). B. avium infection caused a reduced concentration of NE, DA, and 5HT in the spleen, thymus, and bursa of Fabricius. The reduced concentrations of these monoamines in lymphoid tissues of diseased poults may be a normal response during the course of a disease or during the mounting of an immune response.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Alcaligenes faecalis infection in turkeys: effects on serum corticosterone and serum chemistry.

The serum levels of corticosterone, total calcium, inorganic phosphorus, protein, sodium, and potassium were determined for turkey poults from 1 to 42 days of age. Corticosterone levels were higher at days 10, 14, 21, and 28 in Alcaligenes faecalis-infected turkeys than in uninfected poults. The corticosterone responses in this study indicate that A. faecalis infection stimulates adrenal cortical function even in the very young poult, which ordinarily does not show adrenal cortical responsiveness to various environmental and physical stressors. No differences were observed between infected and uninfected turkey poults in other serum chemistries.

Alcaligenes↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Alterations in the lymphocytic and mononuclear phagocytic systems of turkey poults associated with exposure to poult enteritis and mortality syndrome.

In vivo and in vitro mononuclear phagocytic system functions, expression of lymphocyte subset cell surface markers in the thymus and bursa of Fabricius, and lymphocyte subset dynamics during the course of poult enteritis and mortality syndrome (PEMS) were examined. PEMS is an acute, transmissible, infectious intestinal disease accompanied by high mortality and morbidity. The etiology of this multifactorial disease remains to be elucidated; however, turkey coronavirus was initially assumed to be one of the primary agents involved. Further investigation demonstrated that turkey coronavirus was not always detectable in poults exhibiting PEMS symptoms, and, thus, PEMS poults began to be identified as positive or negative for turkey coronavirus. In each trial, uninfected hatchmate controls were compared with turkey poults that were contact exposed to PEMS poults at 7 days of age. Following intravenous inoculation, control poults cleared Escherichia coli from their circulation by 60 min, whereas viable E. coli were still present in the circulation of PEMS poults at 60 min postinoculation. Inflammatory response measured by Sephadex-elicited abdominal exudate cell recruitment and the adherence potential of abdominal exudate cells was not significantly different between uninfected and PEMS poults. The percentage of glass-adherent abdominal exudate macrophages was higher in PEMS poults. However, the ability of these macrophages to phagocytize sheep red blood cells and the average number of sheep red blood cells per phagocytic macrophage were both lower compared with uninfected controls. CD4+ expression in thymic tissue of PEMS poults at 9 days postinfection was significantly lower. The CD4+:CD8+ lymphocyte ratio in peripheral blood leukocytes from coronavirus-negative PEMS poults was lower than that from both uninfected and coronavirus-positive PEMS poults at 14 days postinfection. In the spleen, the CD4+:CD8+ lymphocyte ratio was higher in coronavirus-positive PEMS poults as compared with the other treatments. In conclusion, immune system dysfunction in PEMS is associated with impaired mononuclear phagocytic system function and alterations in lymphocyte populations.

Animals↗