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Biomedical subjects

F Villani

Publications and source records attributed to F Villani.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Preliminary echocardiographic and polygraphic evaluation of cardiac toxicity of 4'-epi-doxorubicin.

Data recorded by ECG, poly ECG, and echocardiography in 101 cancer patients treated with 4'-epi-doxorubicin are reported and compared with those previously obtained in a comparable group of 78 patients treated with doxorubicin. 4'-Epi-doxorubicin was administered by i.v. route in doses ranging from 50 to 90 mg/m2 in a three-weekly regimen; the maximum cumulative dose was 630 mg/m2. The results obtained demonstrate that this new antitumor anthracycline develops a lower acute cardiotoxic effect and suggest that 4'-epi-doxorubicin is endowed with a reduced chronic cardiotoxicity as compared to doxorubicin.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Toxic and therapeutic activity of 4'-epi-doxorubicin.

A Phase I-II study with 4'-epi-doxorubicin (epi-DX) was performed in 108 patients with various types of advanced malignancy. The pattern of acute toxicity was similar to that of doxorubicin (DX). However, epi-DX was better tolerated than DX because of comparative lower incidence of vomiting, stomatitis, complete alopecia and severe myelosuppression. Cardiac toxicity was studied by utilizing noninvasive methods, and the electrocardiographic results suggested a slightly lower cardiac damage after epi-DX compared to DX. Antitumor activity was documented in a variety of neoplasms, and objective response was also observed in those considered refractory to DX such as malignant melanoma and renal cancer. X

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Evaluation of doxorubicin cardiotoxicity in patients treated intermittently with beta-methyldigoxin.

Twenty-one patients with various advanced neoplasms were treated with 60 to 75 mg/m2 of doxorubicin every 3 to 4 weeks and monitored by ECG and systolic time intervals (PEP/LVET) with the aim to establish whether a pretreatment with beta-methyldigoxin, administered intermittently, could prevent doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. It was found that until patients received digitalis pretreatment the PEP/LVET ratio did not change significantly from mean basal values even after the highest cumulative dosages of doxorubicin. However, after interruption of the therapy with both drugs, PEP/LVET increased reaching a value not significantly different from that observed in a comparable group of patients treated only with doxorubicin. Moreover, of 9 patients who reached the cumulative limiting dose, 2 developed congestive heart failure. These results question the possibility that digitalis administered according to an intermittent treatment scheme may prevent doxorubicin cardiomyopathy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Preliminary studies on levels of sensitivity to phosphoric esters in the Italian population of the Culex pipiens complex].

A preliminary survey of the susceptibility level to organophosphate (OP) insecticides in six populations of Culex pipiens from Central Italy has been carried out. The correlation between OP resistance and highly active esterase electromorphs has also been investigated. The bioassay and electrophoresis results show an association between OP resistance and the highly active esterase allele Est-3A and confirm what it was found in populations of C. pipiens from Southern France. Est-3A appears to be a reliable indicator of OP resistance in mosquitoes of italian C. pipiens.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Relationship between the effect on calcium turnover and early cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin and 4'-epi-doxorubicin in guinea pig heart muscle.

Doxorubicin and 4'-epi-doxorubicin, two anthracycline derivatives with different cardiotoxic effects in experimental models, were found to decrease myocardial contractility in isolated guinea pig atria by significantly modifying calcium turnover. This effect seems to be mainly localized on the fast exchanging membrane-bound calcium, while these drugs do not significantly influence the intracellular stores of calcium. 4'-epi-doxorubicin, which induces a less negative inotropic effect than doxorubicin, produces a smaller inhibition of calcium turnover. This supports the hypothesis that the inhibition of calcium turnover and particularly of the fast exchanging calcium compartment is a general mechanism involved in the early anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Preliminary clinical experience with 4-epidoxorubicin in advanced human neoplasia.

4'-Epidoxorubicin (epi-DXR) was tested in 56 patients with various types of advanced malignancies. The pattern of acute toxicity was similar to that of doxorubicin (DXR), but epi-DXR produced a lower incidence of vomiting, stomatitis, alopecia, and myelosuppression. The study of cardiac toxicity, utilizing only noninvasive methods, indicated that epi-DXR also is cardiotoxic. The increase in the systolic time intervals after the first dose as well as after cumulative doses was slightly lower compared with that observed after DXR. Antitumor activity occurred in a variety of tumors including malignant melanoma, renal cancer, and rectal cancer, which are refractory to DXR. Present results suggest that further studies with epi-DXR are indicated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

5-Fuorouracil cardiotoxicity.

Two cases of 5-fluorouracil cardiotoxicity, resulting in one patient in myocardial infarction, are described. A review of the literature confirms that cardiotoxicity is a rare but genuine complication of 5-fluorouracil treatment; the cardiotoxic effect seems to range from mild angina without persistent electrocardiographic changes to severe myocardial infarction. No factors predictive of this complication were identified. The authors therefore feel it is advisable to stop 5-fluorouracil treatment when precordial pain occurs, even if the ECG (after angina) is normal, since angina can in some cases result in myocardial infarction.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Evaluation of early doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by means of systolic time intervals.

Systolic time intervals (PEP/LVET ratio) were used for detection of acute variations in myocardial contractility after a single dose of 30, 60, or 75 mg of doxorubicin/m2. This drug induces an acute impairment of left ventricular function (increase in the PEP/LVET ratio) detectable 1 h after doxorubicin injection. The phenomenon appears to be dose-related, with a threshold dose of 30-40 mg/m2. The decrease in myocardial contractility is fully reversible within 24 h, at least after the first dose. This kind of evaluation appears applicable to phase I studies of new anthracycline derivatives.

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug↗
PubMed1979

Preliminary phase I study of 4'-epi-adriamycin.

A phase I study of 4'-epi-Adriamycin (4'-epi-ADM) was performed in 22 patients with various types of advanced solid tumors. Very preliminary results would indicate that the drug produces a pattern of acute toxicity which is similar to that of Adriamycin. However, the incidence of vomiting, alopecia, and marrow suppression was less pronounced than that of Adriamycin. 4'-Epi-ADM prolonged the systolic time interval, although no patient presented clinical signs of cardiotoxicity. Two patients with renal carcinoma and malignant melanoma showed objective improvement. Present results suggest that further clinical studies with 4'-epi-ADM are indicated.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Urinary concentration and antibacterial effect of short and long acting tetracycyline].

Forty-one hospitalized patients, of whom the majority had asymptomatic bacteriuria, were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups. They were given either tetracycline HCl 1 g, or tetracycline HCl + terpenes 100 mg, or minocycline 200 mg, or cotrimoxazole (sulfamethoxazole 1.6 g + trimethoprim 320 mg), daily for one week. A large number of bacteria were resistant to tetracyclines. The urine was sterilized in 14 out of 24 patients receiving tetracyclines and in all of the 17 patients receiving cotrimoxazole. The mean urinary concentration of tetracycline was 20 times higher than that of minocycline. The 24-h urinary excretion of tetracyclines was slightly higher in patients receiving the combination of terpenes and tetracycline, but these differences in urinary excretion did not appear to have any influence on the antibacterial effect of tetracyclines.

Adult↗