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Biomedical subjects

F Viader

Publications and source records attributed to F Viader.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Infarct of the anterior limb of the right internal capsule causing left motor neglect: case report and cerebral blood flow study.

A sixty-nine year old hypertensive man had left motor neglect following an infarct of the anterior limb of the right internal capsule. He also had left auditory extinction on verbal dichotic listening and a sligh constructional apraxia. Regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured at rest with Xenon 133 inhalation and was found to be slightly decreased in a diffuse fashion. Motor activation of the right hand resulted in an increase of CBF in the contralateral superior rolandic area, whereas no such increase was found during motor activation of the left hand. This lack of cortical CBF increase on contralateral motor activation is interpreted as a consequence of the failure of some corticosubcortical connexions involved in motor arousal. The specifically dynamic appearance of regional CBF abnormalities, i.e. during selective activation as opposed to rest measurements, is consistent with the functional character of neglect.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Familial myopathy with "cytoplasmic body" (or "spheroid") type inclusions, disclosed by respiratory insufficiency].

Three patients, 72, 45 and 18 years old belonging to 3 successive generations presented with respiratory insufficiency. The clinical onset was at about 40 years of age in the two older patients and at 18 years in the youngest one. Serum enzymes of muscle origin were within normal range as well as leucocyte maltase activity. The muscle biopsy in all three patients showed numerous cytoplasmic (spheroid) bodies within type I muscle fibers. Familial cytoplasmic body myopathy with familial incidence has rarely been reported and still more rarely has been revealed by respiratory insufficiency in adult life.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Neurologic forms of Lyme disease. 12 cases].

Twelve cases of Lyme's disease with neurological complications are reported. Seven patients had meningoradiculitis of the Garin-Bujadoux-Bannwarth type, with facial palsy in 2 cases. In 1 case the radiculitis involved only the cauda equina. Two more patients had meningomyelitis. Of the remaining 3, 1 had subacute inflammatory polyneuritis with albumino-cytologic dissociation, 1 had probable dorsal epiduritis, and the last one developed parkinsonism and communicating hydrocephalus after an otherwise classical meningoradiculitis. Three patients recalled a tick bite but only one a cutaneous eruption. No arthritis or cardiac involvement were observed. In 2 cases the CSF contained pseudo-neoplastic cells. Severe pain was a prominent feature in most cases. Pain consistently and rapidly improved on high-dose intravenous penicillin, while other signs or symptoms (e.g. paresthesias or fatigue) often lasted several months. Parkinsonism and hydrocephalus were not influenced by penicillin, and both required specific therapy. Isolated neurological (both central and peripheral) involvement is not unusual in Lyme's disease and may give rise to a wide range of signs and symptoms. This diagnosis is to be considered even when other features of Borrelia burgdorferi infection are lacking.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Chronic spinal amyotrophy involving the upper limbs in young adults (O'Sullivan and McLeod syndrome). MRI study of the cervical spinal cord].

In 5 cases of sporadic spinal muscular atrophy in young adults the muscular atrophy was localized in the hands and forearms. Age at onset ranged from 7 to 20 years. The duration of the disease was less than 5 years in 3 patients and more than 15 years in 2. Electromyography showed neurogenic anomalies in all wasted muscles, denervation potentials being also present in the proximal muscles of the upper limbs and distal muscles of the lower limbs in 2 patients. Motor nerve conduction velocity and sensory nerve action potentials were normal. Advantages of a topographic classification of the distal form of chronic spinal muscular atrophy are discussed. Spinal cord MRI was performed in 4 patients with a 0.5 Tesla superconducting magnet using surface coils, using a T1-weighted spin-echo technique (ET 26 ms; RT 500 ms) and a T2-weighted spin-echo technique (ET 90, 180 ms; 2,000 ms). With the T1 technique, axial MRI sections 7 to 9 mm thick of spinal cord showed a normal image between C1 and C4, and a flattened image between C5 and T1. This was considered as a possible spinal cord segmental atrophy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Alzheimer's disease with early association of a hemi-parkinsonian syndrome].

A 66 year-old woman presented with severe memory disorders followed several months later with tremor of Parkinsonian type of the right upper limb totally relieved by treatment with levodopa-benserazide. Four years later she was admitted with memory disturbances, temporospatial disorientation, constructional and ideatory apraxia, dressing apraxia and language difficulties. Eight years later she had become bed-ridden, with deviation of head and eyes towards the left, hypertonus tremor and stereotyped movements. Neuropathologic examination showed neuronal loss in substantia nigra and left locus ceruleus, dorsal nucleus of the pneumogastric nerve and Meynert's basal nuclei on both sides. Neurofibrillary tangles affected the peri-aqueductal grey matter and Lewy's bodies were observed in the substantia nigra. Neurofibrillary tangles and granulovacuolar degeneration together with senile plaques were numerous in the hippocampus, but senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles were rare in the remainder of the cortex. Combined Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease could be due to simple coincidence, one of the diseases possibly predisposing to the appearance of the other.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

[Crying provoked by sound stimuli in a case of probable dementia of Alzheimer's type].

A case of pathological crying elicited only by non-verbal auditory stimulations in a woman with probable dementia of the Alzheimer type is reported. As neuropsychological data available in this case have suggested a greater involvement of left than right temporal cortex, the authors propose that the crying phenomenon could have been explained by a similar inter-hemispheric asymmetry in pathological involvement of the limbic structures.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1987

[Study of the cerebral blood flow by intravenous injection of xenon-133 in thalamic and juxtathalamic lesions].

Sixteen patients with subcortical vascular lesions of one hemisphere, (7 left, including 4 aphasics and 9 right, 4 of which had a left neglect syndrome) and 4 controls without noticeable cerebral pathology underwent cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurements with intra-venous Xe 133, both at rest and during activation. The latter consisted of listening to a text together with eye opening and was considered non specific. At rest, a non significant CBF lowering on the side of the lesion was found in most patients, mainly in right brain damaged ones. Hypoperfusion areas (HA) were noted, predominantly in parieto-temporal cortex in right lesions, and in lower and middle frontal areas as well in left lesions. HA persisted during activation on both sides, except on the right side in left damaged patients. Activation resulted in a bilateral and roughly symmetrical mean CBF increase, which was not significant in left lesions nor in controls, but was significant (p less than .05) in right brain damaged patients without neglect syndrome. Conversely, patients with right lesions resulting in left neglect exhibited conspicuous mean CBF asymmetry during activation with depression on the right side. Right-left difference in mean CBF was significantly higher in this group than in right sided lesions without neglect (p less than .05). These facts are consistent with an activation imbalance between hemispheres as the mechanism of unilateral neglect syndromes, and support the view that right subcortical pathways and especially the thalamus, play a part in the activation of both cerebral hemispheres.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[A case of aphasia with speech disorders by infarction of the left caudate nucleus and putamen].

An infarction involving the left putamen, caudate nucleus and the anterior limb of the internal capsule, resulted in aphasia with semantic paraphasias, verbal incoherence and verbal memory impairment. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) studies with 133Xe inhalation at 20 days post onset showed, on one hand, a bilateral lowering of cortical blood flow and on the other hand a left frontal-parietal hypoperfusion area. Spontaneous recovery occurred within 2 months. While the mean CBF became normal at 14 months post onset, a relative hypoperfusion area persisted on the anterior left hemispheric cortex. On the basis of these findings and current CBF and metabolic studies carried out in patients with subcortical lesions, the authors discuss the role of cortical and subcortical structures in subcortical aphasic syndromes. The importance of reciprocal connections between cortex, striatum and thalamus is stressed.

Aphasia↗
PubMed1987

[Hemodynamic study of obstructive lesions of the internal carotid artery: value of coupled measurement of regional cerebral blood flow and volume].

A study of 130 patients having presented either a transient ischemic attack or a completed stroke, or admitted for an asymptomatic carotid stenosis, allowed the following investigations: CT-scan, doppler, angiography, measurement of the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) by the study of 133Xe clearance (Novocerebrograph (R)), and measurement of the regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV) made by gamma emission tomography after autotransfusion of 99m Tc-labeled erythrocytes with an Elscint Apex 415 ECT (R) camera. Our aim was to look in which case a rCBF and/or a rCBV interhemispheric asymmetry was observed, by comparing the previous hemodynamic parameters with clinical, CT-scan and angiographic data. Although a rCBF and/or a rCBV asymmetry appeared more often among patients presenting with infarction than among those of the asymptomatic category, this does not seem specific for any clinical grade. The same statement applies to the comparison between hemodynamic parameters and CT data. The arterial lesions were classified in 4 groups: no stenosis (12 cases), uni or bilateral moderate carotid stenosis (40 cases), unilateral severe carotid stenosis or occlusion (65 cases), bilateral carotid severe stenosis or occlusion (13 cases). We observed a rCBF asymmetry among some patients in the 4 groups, although this was more frequent among the two latter groups. Nevertheless no case of a rCBV asymmetry was observed in the 2 first groups. Such an asymmetry was present in 31 percent of the patients belonging to the two latter groups. In patients of the third group the asymmetry was always due to a relative increase of rCBV beyond the carotid lesion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Arterial Occlusive Diseases↗
PubMed1987

[Peripheral neuropathy in severe mixed cryoglobulinemia syndrome].

A syndrome of polyneuropathy and cryoglobinemia is reported in a 76-year-old woman. Nerve biopsy showed severe demyelination and vascular involvement was demonstrated in a muscle biopsy. Peripheral neuropathy is discussed in the context of the Gougerot-Sjögren syndrome, associated with cryoglobins in the blood. Prompt treatment of this disease should be initiated and consists mainly of plasmapheresis.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Subcortical neglect.

The unilateral neglect syndrome is defined as a lack of directed attention to one half of the space or the body. It has been reported mainly after cortical lesions of the right parietal or frontal lobe in man. However, there is strong experimental and clinical evidence for the existence of neglect syndromes of subcortical origin. The unilateral neglect syndrome is not the result of elementary sensory deficits. The failure in directed attention is dependent on an imbalance of hemispheric activation.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

[Thalamic neglect].

Thalamic lesions can provoke negligence behavior with various, sometimes dissociated manifestations: motor negligence or reduction in use of one half of the body whatever the direction of the gesture or the half-space in which it occurs; extinction phenomena demonstrated without difficulty for visual, somatesthetic and auditory modalities; spatial negligence involving attentional and intentional components, often difficult to distinguish. Negligence of this type is mainly the result of right sided lesions, with several non-exclusive explanations: natural predominance of the left hemisphere, activating role of language with respect to the left hemisphere, capacity of the right hemisphere to be "attentive" to bath half-spaces in contrast to the left hemisphere, attentive to the right half-space only.

Aged↗