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F Vandesande

Publications and source records attributed to F Vandesande.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Calcium binding proteins as molecular markers for cat geniculate neurons.

Immunocytochemistry revealed that in the cat dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) almost all parvalbumin-positive cells are GABAergic and about 56% of the calbindin D-28K (calbindin-immunoreactive neurons are also GABA-positive. On the other hand, in the same nucleus, almost all GABAergic neurons contain parvalbumin, and about 89% of the GABA-immunoreactive neurons contain calbindin. Double-labeling with calbindin and parvalbumin revealed that approximately 50% of the immunoreactive neurons are double-stained. In the PGN, virtually all neurons are GABA and parvalbumin-positive. Only a few scattered cells were also calbindin-immunoreactive. These results show that GABAergic geniculate cells can be differentiated on the basis of their calcium-binding protein immunoreactivity. Four types of immunoreactive cells are described here: (1) cells positive for GABA, parvalbumin and calbindin, (2) cells positive for GABA and parvalbumin, but negative for calbindin, (3) cells negative for GABA and parvalbumin, but positive for calbindin, (4) cells negative for GABA, parvalbumin and calbindin.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Calcium binding proteins and neuropeptides as molecular markers of GABAergic interneurons in the cat visual cortex.

In the cat visual cortex, almost all parvalbumin-positive cells are GABAergic, and about 80% of the calbindin D-28K-positive neurons are also GABA-immunoreactive. About 37% of the GABAergic neurons contain parvalbumin and a smaller fraction (about 18%) contains calbindin. Furthermore, parvalbumin and calbindin are localized in two separate neuronal populations in the cat visual cortex, suggesting that two GABAergic populations can be distinguished, one containing parvalbumin and one containing calbindin. Double staining for parvalbumin and neuropeptides (CCK, SRIF and NPY), revealed no double-labeled cells, with the exception of a few SRIF- and parvalbumin-positive neurons. These results show that cortical GABAergic cells can be differentiated on basis of their calcium binding protein and neuropeptide immunoreactivity.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Immunoaffinity purification and partial characterization of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) growth hormone.

Growth hormone (GH) was isolated from sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) pituitary extract by a simple one-step procedure involving immunoaffinity chromatography. A monoclonal antibody raised against chicken GH and found to immunostain very specifically the GH cells in the pituitary of the sea bass was coupled to CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B. Sea bass pituitary extracts were run on the affinity column, and the eluted material was analyzed on reversed-phase HPLC and found to consist of one single peak. The yield of purified hormone was 2.4 mg/g pituitary. Two monomeric forms (MW = 20,000 and 22,000 Da) of sea bass GH were identified by gel electrophoresis. Gel electrofocusing revealed apparent isoelectric points of 6.15, 6.50, and 6.95. Amino acid composition is consistent with other vertebrate GHs. The immunological relatedness was tested by immunoblotting using antisera raised against GH of different species. Polyclonal antisera raised against the isolated hormone exhibited a specific labeling of the GH cells in sea bass pituitary sections as well as of the immunoblotted purified GH.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1990

Comparative distribution of neuropeptide-immunoreactive systems in the brain of the green molly, Poecilia latipinna.

The comparative distribution of peptidergic neural systems in the brain of the euryhaline, viviparous teleost Poecilia latipinna (green molly) was examined by immunohistochemistry. Topographically distinct, but often overlapping, systems of neurons and fibres displaying immunoreactivity (ir) related to a range of neuropeptides were found in most brain areas. Neurosecretory and hypophysiotrophic hormones were localized to specific groups of neurons mostly within the preoptic and tuberal hypothalamus, giving fibre projections to the neurohypophysis, ventral telencephalon, thalamus, and brain stem. Separate vasotocin (AVT)-ir and isotocin (IST)-ir cells were located in the nucleus preopticus (nPO), but many AVT-ir nPO neurons also displayed growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF)-like-ir, and in some animals corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF)-like-ir. The main group of CRF-ir neurons was located in the nucleus recessus anterioris, where coexistence with galanin (GAL) was observed in some cells. Enkephalin (ENK)-like-ir was occasionally present in a few IST-ir cells of the nPO and was also found in small neurons in the posterior tuberal hypothalamus and in a cluster of large cells in the dorsal midbrain tegmentum. Thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH)-ir cells were found near the rostromedial tip of the nucleus recessus lateralis. Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-ir cells were present in the nucleus olfactoretinalis, ventral telencephalon, preoptic area, and dorsal midbrain tegmentum. Molluscan cardioexcitatory peptide (FMRF-amide)-ir was colocalized with GnRH-ir in the ganglion cells and central projections of the nervus terminalis. Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH)-ir neurons were restricted to the tuberal hypothalamus, mostly within the nucleus lateralis tuberis pars lateralis, and somatostatin (SRIF)-ir neurons were numerous throughout the periventricular areas of the diencephalon. A further group of SRIF-ir neurons extending from the ventral telencephalon into the dorsal telencephalon pars centralis also contained neuropeptide Y (NPY)-, peptide YY (PYY)-, and NPY flanking peptide (PSW)-like-ir. These immunoreactivities were, however, also observed in non-SRIF-ir cells and fibres, particularly in the mesencephalon. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-like-ir had a characteristic distribution in cells grouped in the isthmal region and fibre tracts running forward into the hypothalamus, most strikingly into the inferior lobes. Antisera to cholecystokinin (CCK) and neurokinin A (NK) or substance P (SP) stained very extensive, separate systems throughout the brain, with cells most consistently seen in the ventral telencephalon and periventricular hypothalamus. Broadly similar, but much more restricted, distributions of cells and fibres were seen with antisera to neurotensin (NT) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Anatomical distribution of galanin-like immunoreactivity in the brain and pituitary of teleost fishes.

Immunohistochemical study of brains of five teleost fishes (molly, sea bass, killifish, flounder, tilapia) revealed similar extensive systems of galanin immunoreactive (GAL-ir) neurons. Cell bodies were located in the anterior preoptic recess (where coexistence with corticotrophin-releasing factor-like-ir was found), posterior tuberal hypothalamus and vagal lobe of the medulla oblongata. Fibres in the fingers of neurohypophysial tissue penetrating the pituitary pars distalis suggested an anatomical relationship between GAL-ir terminals and the hormone secreting cells. Electron microscopic studies on sea bass pituitary revealed contacts of GAL-ir fibres with growth hormone cells and gonadotrophs. Thus a GAL-like peptide may be released from nerve terminals in the teleost pituitary, where it may act locally to modulate the secretion of one or more pituitary hormones.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Regional distribution of binding sites for neuropeptide Y in cat and monkey visual cortex determined by in vitro receptor autoradiography.

The goal of this study was to elucidate the precise regional and laminar distribution of neuropeptide Y (NPY) binding sites in feline and primate visual cortex. By means of in vitro receptor autoradiography, NPY binding sites in primate and feline visual cortex were specifically labeled with 3H-NPY. In cat area 17, the highest density of NPY-binding sites was present in lamina I and the upper half of lamina II. The density then gradually decreased towards lamina VI. Areas 18 and 19 exhibited a similar binding site-density profile. The decrease in density from superficial to deep layers was more gradual in area 18 than in areas 17 and 19. In monkey primary visual cortex (V1), layer IVc presented a high concentration of NPY binding sites, in addition to a dense zone of binding sites in layer I. Monkey secondary visual cortex (V2) displays a similar dense zone in layer I, but lacks such high density of NPY binding sites in layer IV. Therefore, the border between primary and secondary visual cortex coincides with the abrupt disappearance of this latter high density in layer IV. In cat as well as in monkey visual cortex, no significant differences were found between regions representing central vision and those representing the peripheral parts of the visual field. Comparison of our results for NPY binding sites with the distribution of alpha 1-adrenergic receptors, as recently described by Rakic et al. (J. Neurosci. 8(10):3670-3690, 1988) for primate and Parkinson et al. (Brain Res. 457:70-78, 1988) for feline visual cortex, revealed that those two patterns are very similar.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Localization of growth hormone-releasing factor-like immunoreactivity in the hypothalamo-hypophysial system of some teleost species.

An antiserum to growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) 1-44 was applied on brain and pituitary sections of nine teleost species. Immunoreactive (ir) perikarya were demonstrated in parvo- and magnocellular portions of the preoptic nucleus (PON) and occasionally in the nucleus lateralis tuberis. The two tracts originating in the PON ran ventro-laterally toward the optic chiasm and then caudally in the basal hypothalamus. In the pars distalis (PD) of the eel, carp, goldfish and salmonids, GRF-ir fibers did not enter the rostral PD and few fibers passed close to somatotropes. In Myoxocephalus and Mugil, a variable number of ir-fibers passed close to cells of the rostral and proximal PD. In the neurointermediate lobe, GRF-ir fibers were located exclusively in the neural tissue of the eel and trout. In goldfish, carp and Myoxocephalus, GRF-ir fibers entered the intermediate lobe. This antiserum also labeled corticotrops and, to a lesser extent, melanotrops in the pituitary of cyprinids. A variable number of perikarya contained both GRF and vasotocin in the PON of the eel. In all teleost species studied so far, the distribution patterns of GRF are different, and the function of the various adenohypophysial cell types appears to be differently modulated, according to the variable distribution of GRF in the pituitary.

Anguilla↗
PubMed1990

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone-immunoreactive system in the brain and pituitary gland of the sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax, Teleostei).

The immunohistochemical distribution of thyrotropin-releasing hormone-like immunoreactivity (TRH-ir) in the brain and pituitary of the sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) was examined on cryostat sections of tissues perfuse fixed in a formaldehyde-glutaraldehyde mixture. TRH-ir fibres were found in many areas of the brain: dorsal and ventral telencephalon, preoptic and tuberal hypothalamus, thalamus, midbrain tegmentum, optic tectum, and medulla oblongata. In the hypothalamus the densest area of innervation was the nucleus anterioris tuberis and medial nucleus recessus lateralis, where small TRH-ir cell bodies were also found. In the pituitary gland, TRH-ir fibres were numerous in the posterior neurohypophysis, and these appeared to form varicosities between groups of melanocorticotropic cells of the pars intermedia. No clear relationship was seen between TRH-ir fibres and the thyrotropic cells, or any other cell type of the pars distalis. In the brain stem a notable feature was the prominent innervation of groups of motoneurons by beaded TRH-ir fibres. These observations suggest that in teleost fishes the role of TRH may be related to pars intermedia function, rather than the thyrotropin- or prolactin-releasing function established in tetrapods. In addition the tripeptide may act as a central neurotransmitter involved in sensory and autonomic motor integration.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Chronological appearance of the different hypophysial hormones in the pituitary of sea bass larvae (Dicentrarchus labrax) during their early development: an immunocytochemical demonstration.

Antisera raised against chum salmon prolactin (PRL), rainbow trout growth hormone (GH), mammalian adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) were used to study the chronological appearance of immunoreactivity for PRL, GH, ACTH, TSH, LH, and melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) in the pituitary of sea bass larvae (Dicentrarchus labrax) during the first 26 days after hatching. The anti-ACTH gives positive immunostaining in the ACTH cells as well as in the MSH cells; however, the two cell types can easily be distinguished by their different localization in the pituitary: ACTH in the rostral pars distalis, MSH in the pars intermedia. The first day after hatching cells immunoreactive for TSH, GH and ACTH could already be noticed, ACTH reacted strong in the pars intermedia but very weak in the rostral pars distalis. Cells immunopositive for PRL became visible between Days 9 and 15. With anti-LH, no positive reaction could be obtained during the first 26 days after hatching.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Development of a novel screening device permitting immunocytochemical screening of numerous culture supernatants during hybridoma production.

A novel screening device is described which permits the simultaneous immunocytochemical processing of several hundreds or even thousands of hybridoma culture supernatants. The core of the screening apparatus is a foam-coated polymer plate that carries a 96-well pattern representing a modification of the actual 96-well template. This modification permits the use of conventional 26 X 76 mm microscopy glass slides. Each of these slides carries 24 carefully arranged histological sections. One 96-well plate is thus screened by mounting four of these slides in the apparatus during the primary antibody (i.e., culture supernatant) incubation stage. At all other stages of the immunocytochemical protocol, the slides are processed in the classical way. The screening apparatus has been used during the production of monoclonal antibodies against chicken pituitary glycoprotein hormones and against bovine neurohypophyseal peptides. In both instances, it proved to be the major contributory factor in the successful production of antibodies.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Autoradiographic localization of binding sites for vasotocin in the brain and pituitary of the sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax).

Specific binding sites for vasotocin (VT) were detected in brain and pituitary of a teleost fish, the sea bass, after in vitro incubation of tissue sections with [3H]arginine-vasopressin (AVP) and light microscopic autoradiography. Conditions for the binding assay were optimized and as a result the binding was saturable and specific. In the brain [3H]AVP binding was found to occur in the pars lateralis and the pars ventralis of the ventral telencephalon, in the pars centralis of the dorsal telencephalon, in the hypothalamic region (especially in the nucleus preopticus, in the tuberal hypothalamus and around the posterior recess), in the tectum opticum and in the noncellular layer of the corpus cerebelli. In the pituitary a high density of [3H]AVP binding was observed in the areas of the pars distalis (PD) occupied by ACTH-, TSH- and GH-cells and also in the pars intermedia (PI). The present study presents the first anatomical evidence for the presence of VT specific binding sites in teleost brain and pituitary.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Calbindin D-28K and parvalbumin immunoreactivity is confined to two separate neuronal subpopulations in the cat visual cortex, whereas partial coexistence is shown in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus.

Calbindin D-28K-immunoreactive cells were localized in the supragranular layers of the striate cortex of the cat, while parvalbumin-stained cells occurred from the bottom half of layer II through layer VI, making the two distributions almost complementary. Calbindin- and parvalbumin-positive cells occurred throughout the 3 layers of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN), but calbindin-immunoreactive cells outnumbered parvalbumin-positive cells. Double labeling on single sections was performed in order to determine the possible coexistence of calbindin and parvalbumin in single cells of cat visual cortex and dLGN. Calbindin and parvalbumin immunoreactivity was found in two separate neuronal populations in the visual cortex, while in the dLGN about 50% of the cells were doubly stained.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Immunocytochemical demonstration of close relationships between neuropeptidergic nerve fibers and hormone-producing cell types in the adenohypophysis of the sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax).

Light microscopic double immunocytochemical stainings, performed on sea bass hypothalamo-hypophysial sections, revealed the projection of different neuropeptide-immunoreactive neurons innervating the hormone-producing cell populations in the pituitary gland. In the rostral pars distalis (PD) the ACTH cells were found in close proximity to fibers immunoreactive for somatostatin (SRIF), growth hormone-releasing hormone (GRF), corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRF), vasotocin (VT), isotocin (IT), substance P (SP), neurotensin, and galanin (GAL), while the PRL cell zone seemed only innervated by nerve fibers immunopositive for GAL. In the proximal PD, fibers immunoreactive for SRIF, GRF, VT, IT, cholecystokinin, SP, neuropeptide Y, and GAL formed a close relationship with the growth hormone cells. The gonadotrophs were observed near nerve fibers immunostained for gonadotropin-releasing hormone, IT, and less obviously GRF and VT, while fibers positive for GRF, CRF, VT, IT, SP, and GAL penetrated between and formed a close association with the thyrotrophs. In the pars intermedia the MSH cells and the PAS-positive (PAS+) cells seemed both innervated by separate nerve fibers immunoreactive for GRF, CRF, melanin concentrating hormone, VT, IT, and SP. All these results suggest a functional role of the neuropeptides in the adenohypophysis of the sea bass, possibly in the synthesis and/or release of hypophysial hormones from the different cell types.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Evidence for chicken GH as the only hypophyseal factor responsible for the stimulation of hepatic 5'-monodeiodination activity in the chick embryo.

The influence of an intravenous injection of chicken growth hormone (cGH), a total chicken pars distalis (PD) extract, and a PD extract depleted of cGH by immunoadsorption was studied in the 18-d-old chick embryo. Plasma concentrations of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and hepatic 5'-monodeiodination (5'-D) activity were measured. An injection of total PD extract raised plasma T3, T4, and 5'-D activity, whereas a PD extract depleted of GH only increased plasma T4. The amount of cGH present in the PD extracts, as measured by homologous cGH radioimmunoassay, increased T3 and raised liver 5'-D, but had no effect on plasma T4. The effect on liver 5'-D was more pronounced with cGH than with a total PD extract, whereas the effect on plasma T3 was somewhat less pronounced. It was concluded that cGH increased the peripheral conversion of T4 into T3 in the chick embryo, whereas a PD extract depleted of cGH was purely thyrotropic. The PD extract also seemed to have 5'-D-suppressing activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Identification of vasotocin-like immunoreactivity in chromaffin cells of the frog adrenal gland: effect of vasotocin on corticosteroid secretion.

The presence of neurohypophyseal nonapeptides in the adrenal gland of nonmammalian vertebrates and the possible action of these regulatory peptides on corticosteroid secretion have never been investigated. We have applied the indirect immunofluorescence technique to examine whether vasotocin (AVT) and/or mesotocin (MT) are located in frog adrenal (interrenal) tissue. Using antisera against AVT and tyrosine hydroxylase, we found that all chromaffin cells contain an AVT-like peptide. Labeling of consecutive sections with phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase or AVT antibodies showed that both noradrenaline- and adrenaline-storing cells contain AVT-like immunoreactivity. In contrast no labeling of frog adrenal slices was observed using a MT antiserum. At the ultrastructural level, the immunogold technique revealed that the AVT-immunoreactive peptide is sequestered in chromaffin granules with varying electron densities. Filtration of frog adrenal tissue extracts on Sep-Pak C-18 cartridges showed that the elution profile of the AVT-like peptide was similar to that of synthetic AVT. The apparent concentration of AVT in the adrenal was 2.7 ng/g tissue. Since chromaffin cells represent approximately one third of all interrenal cells, the actual concentration of AVT in chromaffin tissue was about 8 ng/g tissue. The role of AVT in the regulation of frog adrenal steroidogenesis was studied in vitro using perifused frog interrenal slices. Graded doses of AVT (10(-10)-10(-7) M) induced a dose-dependent stimulation of both corticosterone and aldosterone secretion. The other neurohypophyseal peptides (vasopressin, oxytocin, and MT) were also able to enhance corticosteroid secretion, but AVT was by far the most potent stimulator of steroidogenesis. Prolonged administration (4 h) of AVT induced a rapid increase in corticosterone and aldosterone output, followed by a gradual decline of corticosteroid secretion. These results show that an AVT-like peptide is stored in chromaffin granules of frog adrenal gland. Our data also indicate that synthetic AVT is a potent stimulator of corticosteroid secretion by frog interrenal cells. Since in amphibians adrenocortical and chromaffin cells are intimately intermingled, these results suggest that AVT produced by chromaffin cells may regulate corticosteroid release locally, through a cell to cell mode of communication.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1988

Coexistence of corticotropin-releasing factor-like immunoreactivity and vasotocin in perikarya of the preoptic nucleus in the eel.

A corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-like system has been identified in eels (Anguilla anguilla, A. rostrata, and A. japonica) with immunocytochemical techniques. Immunoreactive perikarya were located in the preoptic area, in magno- and parvocellular regions of the preoptic nucleus. Fine fibers reached the pituitary and terminated in the neurohypophysis close to the corticotropic cells of the rostral pars distalis and caudally close to the melanocorticotropic cells of the intermediate lobe. Double immunostainings revealed the presence of three subpopulations of perikarya: one population containing only CRF, a second containing only arginine vasotocin (VT), and a third one containing both CRF and VT. This coexistence of CRF and VT was also demonstrated by comparing adjacent sections stained with anti-CRF and anti-VT, respectively. Because antisera used in the present work were carefully absorbed, these data strongly suggest that CRF and VT coexist in some perikarya, at least in the animals studied.

Anguilla↗
PubMed1988

Localization of growth hormone releasing factor-like immunoreactivity in the hypothalamo-hypophyseal system of the frog (Rana temporaria) and the sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax).

Using two different antisera, one raised against total human pancreatic growth hormone releasing factor (hpGRF) coupled through a two-step glutaraldehyde method and the other one raised against rat hypothalamic growth hormone releasing factor 1-10 (rGRF1-10), GRF-like immunoreactivity was localized in the hypothalamo-hypophyseal system of the frog (Rana temporaria) and the sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). In the frog immunoreactive neurons were found in the nucleus preopticus, pars magnocellularis. The immunopositive fibers were localized in the lateral wall of the preoptic recess, the pars ventralis of the tuber cinereum, the internal and external zone of the median eminence, and the neural lobe. Positive-stained neurons in the sea bass were located in the preoptic nucleus, in the pars magnocellularis as well as in the pars parvocellularis, and in the nucleus lateralis tuberis, pars rostralis. GRF-ir nerve fibers, originating in the hypothalamus, projected to the rostral and proximal pars distalis, the posterior neurohypophysis, and the pars intermedia (PI). Double stainings with anti-GRF and anti-ACTH or anti-trout GH showed some close relationship between GRF immunoreactive nerve fibers and adenohypophyseal cell types. In the PI both the MSH and the PI "PAS" positive cells seemed to be directly innervated by the GRF-ir axons. These results show that a GRF-like system is present in the hypothalamo-hypophyseal system of amphibians and teleosts and that in these lower vertebrates GRF-like material may be secreted directly in the systemic circulation. The function of this GRF, however, is not yet clear.

Animals↗