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Biomedical subjects

F V Costa

Publications and source records attributed to F V Costa.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Intralymphocytic sodium concentration: a sensitive index to identify young subjects at risk of hypertension.

In subjects with borderline (BL) hypertension and in normal subjects with familial hypertension (FH), the increase in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) induced by mental arithmetic, handgrip and bicycle exercise strongly correlates with intralymphocytic sodium concentration (ILSC). In BL subjects with high or normal ILSC basal BP values are identical, but the increase in DBP during stress is significantly greater in BL subjects with high ILSC. The same phenomenon can be found in normal subjects with FH. Four hours after acute salt loading urinary Na+ is significantly higher in BL subjects with high ILSC. ILSC is a test by which one can identify BL and normal subjects with abnormal responsiveness to stimuli and who probably are fated to develop sustained hypertension.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Comparison of antihypertensive activity of atenolol and methyldopa at rest and during exercise.

In a double-blind, cross-over trial, 37 hypertensive patients were treated in random order, after a 4-week run-in period, with 100 mg atenolol in a single daily dose, or 250 mg methyldopa three times daily (or 500 mg three times daily in case of poor response). Both therapeutic regimens significantly reduced blood pressure (13/13 mmHg for atenolol and 17/10 mmHg for methyldopa) in an erect position. The higher dose of methyldopa gave a further significant reduction only for the systolic standing blood pressure. No statistical difference was found between the antihypertensive activity of the two drugs, but atenolol reduced heart rate more than did methyldopa. Side effects occurred more frequently during methyldopa administration and most often during the first days of treatment. During exercise (treadmill test) the two drugs induced the same antihypertensive response, but atenolol provoked a greater reduction of exercise tachycardia. Whereas total oxygen consumption was not affected by the two drugs, atenolol induced a much greater reduction of the myocardial oxygen consumption evaluated by the product of the systolic blood pressure X heart rate. These findings show that atenolol at the 100-mg daily dose is as effective as the full dosage of methyldopa and in addition shows better tolerance, a simpler therapeutic scheme, and less incidence of side effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Comparison of hemodynamic effects induced by pentaformilgitoxin and deslanoside in patients with heart failure.

The effect of pentaformilgitoxin and deslanoside on heart rate, blood pressure and cardiac output was compared in six patients with heart failure. Pentaformilgitoxin caused an increase of cardiac output from 3361 ml/min to 4183 ml/min (p less than 0.01). Deslanoside induced a non significant increase of cardiac output from 3617 to 3848 ml/min. Heart rate decreased significantly by both drugs: the reduction was greater after deslanoside (from 93.7 to 77.5 beats/min) than after pentaformilgitoxin (from 92 to 85 beats/min). Both drugs caused a comparable increase in stroke volume.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Side effects of antihypertensive drugs. Incidence and methods of collection.

A prospective study has been carried out in two groups of hypertensive patients (482 inpatients followed during 2-3 weeks; 120 outpatients followed for 18 months) to evaluate the prevalence of side effects (SE) induced by antihypertensive drugs in current use. Only SE of definite or probable type as operatively defined were taken into consideration. SE were collected in different ways for inpatients and outpatients. Among 120 outpatients, 30 patients were randomly selected for cross over of placebo and drugs. Definite or probable SE were recorded in 236 (48.9%) of 482 patients: the prevalence of SE was below 20% both in single and multiple drug therapy. A prevalence greater than 20% was recorded in the outpatients. The placebo treatment demonstrated that many SE are not related to drug administration.

Antihypertensive Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of three devices for measuring blood pressure.

Blood pressure measurement with two automatic devices, Dinamap 845 and Sentry, was compared with the standard mercury sphygmomanometer, by means of a 3-period crossover experiment. Both automatic devices read diastolic pressure considerably lower than the mercury sphygmomanometer (about 7 mmHg on average); agreement was better for systolic pressure. Device differences in individual patients were often much higher. To assess the patient's emotional pressor response during manual measurement, Dinamap was used to monitor blood pressure before, during and after measurement with the mercury sphygmomanometer. No rise in pressure was found. It is concluded that the three devices can often give different values, and that the physician's involvement cannot explain these differences.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fixed combinations of delapril plus indapamide vs fosinopril plus hydrochlorothiazide in mild to moderate essential hypertension.

This 12-week randomized, parallel-group, multicenter study compared fixed combinations of delapril (D) 30 mg plus indapamide (I) 2.5 mg and fosinopril (F) 20 mg plus hydrochlorothiazide (H) 12.5 mg in 171 adult patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. After a 2-week placebo run-in, sitting and standing systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was measured by conventional sphygmomanometry. The primary efficacy endpoint was the percentage of normalized (sitting DBP < or =90 mm Hg) and responder (sitting DBP reduction of 10 mm Hg or DBP < or =90 mm Hg) patients. Treatment effects were analyzed in the intention-to-treat (ITT; n = 171) and the per-protocol (PP; n = 167) populations. The percentage of normalized and responder patients did not differ significantly between the D + I (87.4% and 92%) and the F + H (81% and 86.9%) ITT groups. Similar results were seen in the PP population. In ITT and PP patients, sitting and standing SBP and DBP values were comparable at baseline in the two groups and were significantly (P<.01) and similarly reduced at weeks 4, 8, and 12. Neither treatment induced reflex tachycardia, and both regimens were well tolerated. Four patients in the F + H group dropped out because of adverse events. In this study, the efficacy and safety of D + I were comparable to those of F + H in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of moderate salt restriction on intralymphocytic sodium and pressor response to stress in borderline hypertension.

The effects of a moderate dietary salt restriction on intralymphocytic sodium content and pressor response to stress (mental arithmetic, handgrip, and bicycle exercise) were tested in 25 young subjects with borderline hypertension. The study was performed by a randomized, cross-over, within-patient, experimental design. Diet did not significantly reduce blood pressure at rest but did so significantly in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure during stress and exercise. Variations in diastolic blood pressure induced by stimulation correlated significantly with intralymphocytic sodium content both before and during low-salt diet whereas no correlation was found in the case of systolic blood pressure and heart rate variations. These findings suggest that in young subjects with borderline hypertension, sodium homeostasis and blood pressure regulation are somehow interrelated, and that a moderate dietary salt restriction reduces both intralymphocytic sodium content and pressor response to adrenergic stimulation. This could be useful in preventing the development of sustained hypertension.

Adolescent↗