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Biomedical subjects

F Tessier

Publications and source records attributed to F Tessier.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Effects of strenuous exercise on serum myosin heavy chain fragments in male triathletes.

During the Nice Triathlon (June 26, 1994), the serum levels of type I myosin heavy chain (MHC) fragments and creatine kinase (CK and CK-MB) activities were assessed in 12 athletes in order to evaluate the exercise-induced muscle damage. Blood samples (BS) were taken 2 days before the event (baseline), on arrival, 6 and 24 h later, and 2 and 4 days later. The mean results (and SD) were respectively: MHC (microU.I-1): 142 (69), 156 (116), 242 (144), 1183 (574), 2603 (1405), 1002 (523); CK (U.I-1): 109 (27), 626 (267), 1188 (562), 1159 (442), 633 (385), 224 (119). The CK peak occurred at BS-6h for 8 subjects, and at BS-24h for the other ones. The MHC peak occurred at BS-48h in all the subjects. The CK-MB/CK ratios exhibited a profile similar to those described previously. Serum MHC peak values were correlated with CK ones (r = 0.67; p < 0.05). After a four-day recovery period, as the CK values had decreased, the MHC levels were still elevated. The main result of the study is the MHC peak occurrence at BS-48h in all the subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Validation of a micromethod for determining oxidized and reduced vitamin C in plasma by HPLC-fluorescence.

An HPLC micro-method with fluorescence detection has been developed to determine total vitamin C (vit C) and dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) concentrations in human plasma samples. This method is based on the rapid, specific reaction of DHA with dimethyl-o-phenylenediamine (DMPD) to form a fluorescent quinoxaline derivative that is quantified by HPLC in less than 5 minutes. The method was assessed with reference to the direct 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) colorimetric method. They were well correlated (r3 = 0.879), but the DMPD-HPLC method had the limit of detection 6 times lower than the standard method and the relative error for a vitamin standard was 10 times better than that of the standard method. The plasma DHA to total vit C ratio varied from 10 to 60%, depending on sample processing. Plasma that were immediately analysed contained 10% DHA whatever the subject's age; frozen deproteinized samples kept 1 week (-67 degrees C) had 20%, and blood samples kept for one hour at room temperature before treatment had up to 60% DHA. The ratio in capillary samples taken from the finger was 11-42%. This rapid, specific and very sensitive micro-method is well suited to routine measurements of plasma vit C.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Mitochondria changes in human muscle after prolonged exercise, endurance training and selenium supplementation.

The functional and structural responses to acute exercise (E) and training, (T) with or without selenium supplementation (Sel), were investigated in a double-blind study on 24 young male subjects. The Sel or the placebo were given over 10 weeks of an endurance training programme. Prior to the programme and on its conclusion muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis muscle before and after an exhausting treadmill test of maximal endurance capacity (Capmax). The muscle samples were examined by electron microscopy to make a quantitative analysis of the mitochondria population in the muscle fibres. The number of mitochondria per area (QA) and the relative surface occupied by the total mitochondria profile area (AA) were estimated. The mean area per mitochondrion (â) was obtained by the quotient AA/QA. The effects of the isolated or combined independent variables T, E and Sel were analysed by nonparametric tests. Training induced significant increases in both QA (30%, P < 0.001) and AA (52%, P < 0.001), without changing â; T + Sel produced a slight rise of AA (27%, P < 0.001), which resulted in larger (24%, P < 0.001) â. The E produced an enlargement of â resembling swelling. This phenomenon was also found for the combinations E + T and E + T + Sel, but it was then far more pronounced in E + T. The training effects observed are in agreement with previous descriptions. In contrast, the changes observed after acute exercise seem to indicate a remarkable short-term plasticity of muscle mitochondria. The results in Sel would seem to suggest a dampening effect of the selenium on the mitochondria changes, both in chronic and acute exercise. The mechanism of this action on mitochondrial turnover is uncertain, but might be related to a higher efficiency of the selenium-dependent enzyme glutathione peroxidase.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Expression of the hepatic insulin receptor gene in the rat during postnatal development.

Changes in the expression of the liver insulin receptor are known to occur in the rat during postnatal development. To assess whether such changes occur at the level of gene expression, steady-state levels of insulin receptor mRNA and transcription rates of the receptor gene have been measured in livers of rats from birth (1 day) to adulthood (60 days). Northern blot analysis of liver RNA revealed two major insulin receptor mRNA species of 9.5 and 7.5 kb. When normalized to beta actin mRNA, insulin receptor mRNA levels increased 4-fold between 1 and 15 days, remained stable between 15 and 30 days, and decreased 2-fold between 30 and 60 days. These changes were fully suppressed by in vivo treatment with actinomycin D, an inhibitor of gene transcription. In vitro nuclear transcription assays showed that the rate of transcription of the insulin receptor gene increased 2-fold between 1 and 30 days. Insulin receptor concentration in liver membrane fractions did not exactly parallel insulin receptor mRNA levels since it increased by 20-30% from 1 to 10 days and decreased 2-fold from 10 to 60 days. During the suckling-weaning transition, insulin receptor mRNA level decreased 2-fold in rats weaned onto a high carbohydrate diet but remained unchanged in rats weaned onto a high fat diet. Throughout postnatal life, an inverse relationship was observed between liver insulin receptor mRNA and plasma insulin levels. These results show that transcriptional changes in insulin receptor gene expression occur postnatally and suggest that such changes may be insulin-related.

Actins↗
PubMed1995

Selenium and training effects on the glutathione system and aerobic performance.

Changes in blood glutathione antioxidant system in response to exercise and training, and aerobic performance, were investigated. Selenium (Se) supplementation effects on these changes were evaluated. The study was double blind. Both groups selenium (Sel, N = 12) and placebo (Pla, N = 12), followed a 10-wk endurance training program, with a prolonged exhaustive exercise bout performed (Cap Max), before (Pre) and after (Post) training. Blood was sampled before (Bef) and after (Aft) Cap Max. The oxidation of blood glutathione after Cap Max exercise showed a reactive oxygen species production. Training developed maximal aerobic power and capacity, significantly increased (P < 0.001) plasma and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, and decreased (P < 0.001) erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity. The Se supplementation caused an increase in the basal plasma GPx level (P < 0.05). There was also a correlation (r = 0.66, P < 0.05) between the variation in VO2max and that of erythrocyte GPx only in supplemented subjects. Our results confirm that blood glutathione remains a sensitive marker of oxidative stress induced by exhausting submaximal exercise and that the antioxidant potential of GPx can be developed by endurance training. Se supplementation at the dose used had no effect on physical performance.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Treatment of acute non-chlamydial salpingitis. Study of the efficacy and tolerance of a single-therapy antibiotic: Augmentin].

An open randomised comparative trial of the efficacy and safety of Augmentin as against the triple therapy of penicillin-gentamicin-metronidazole in acute salpingitis was conducted in forty women admitted to hospital. Laparoscopy was performed routinely to confirm the diagnosis. The two groups of patients were comparable as to age and clinical and biological symptoms and the severity of the salpingitis (grade I to IV, with the presence or absence of Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome). Treatment was started immediately after the laparoscopy, first by parental route until the patient had been apyrexic for 48 hours. Oral follow-up was then commenced. Twenty women received Augmentin and twenty the triple antibiotic therapy. Specimens for bacteriological study were obtained before treatment (culture of the urine, culture from the IUD and from the cervix, and swabs were taken laparoscopically). This made it possible to identify aerobic and anaerobic organisms. (The gonococcus was found more often in the group treated with triple antibiotics). On discharge, cures had been obtained in 12 women and 6 more were responding out of the Augmentin group. Out of the triple therapy group 8 were cured and 10 were responding. There was one failure in each group (persisting fever). Long-term assessment was carried out in the out-patients three weeks after discharge. 11 out of the 13 reviewed in the Augmentin group and 8 out of the 14 in the triple therapy group were considered as definitely cured. The clinical safety of both treatments was good. These results demonstrate that Augmentin is as effective as the combined therapy in treating acute salpingitis and with the added advantage of its easy use and lower cost.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

[Listeriosis in obstetrical environment. Report on 10-year experience in a maternity hospital in Paris].

Thirty six cases of listeriosis were seen in the hospital between 1975 and 1984. Ten aborted before the 28th week of pregnancy while 26 passed the 28th week of pregnancy. The incidence was about 1 per 1,000 deliveries. The bacteriological diagnosis depends on isolating the germ either from blood cultures or from multiple swabs from the child at birth, or from liquor amnii or from the placenta. The clinical events that occur in pregnancy were analysed in order to trace out the evolution of maternal listeriosis better and to work out from it a good preventive therapeutic approach. Twenty one out of the 26 women found in the month preceding delivery lassitude, often accompanied by a febrile illness which suggested a primary infection with the listeria. The blood cultures from four of them showed L. monocytogenes and treating these ladies with antibiotics enabled the pregnancy to go to term. Thirteen of the infants that were affected developed favourably but 8 died. Four of these died in utero and two (twins) died after being born healthy. The seriousness of the illness in the fetus seems to have a direct relationship to the time between the primary infection and the delivery. Blood cultures make it possible to diagnose the condition at the first sign of infection whatever the clinical features of the case are.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Rheumatoid polyarthritis, Gougerot-Sjögren syndrome and chronic myeloid leukemia. Apropos of 2 cases].

Two cases of rheumatoid arthritis with Sjögren's syndrome are reported which developed chronic myelocytic leukemia. The relationships between these illnesses, rheumatoid arthritis and Sjögren's syndrome on the one hand, and a myeloproliferative disorder on the other hand, are discussed, as well as the possible role of the treatment regimens (synoviorthesis with radio-isotopes in case number 1). The possibility that this association came about by pure coincidence can not be excluded due to the exceptional character of these illnesses.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1983

[Rupture of the membranes and amniotic infection. Apropos of 3000 cases].

This work shows the effect of a policy of reducing the amounts of antibiotics prescribed, and reports on the effect on the rate of infection in a maternity unit where systematic antibiotic cover for patients with premature rupture of the membranes was stopped. Breaking of the waters with loss of liquor makes infection of the contents of the sac almost inevitable; but we have found over a period of five years that with the exception of certain strains of Group B streptococci infection with bacteria from vaginal flora rarely gives rise to severe infection in the infant. This balance sheet was drawn up: 350 infections of the liquor in 13.540 deliveries, which is 2.5%. Infection of the liquor by definition implies that the infant will be contaminated; but in fact the baby was infected in only 0.6% of births--which figure is no higher than in other series. Bacteria found in the vaginal flora: streptococci and anaerobes are responsible for 92% of amniotic infections, streptococcus B being first in frequency responsible for 41.36% of amniotic infections and 47.5% of neonatal infections. The low percentage, 5.4% of Gram negative Bacilli can be attributed to their absence when antibiotic cover is given. Neonatal infections usually improve quickly with a narrow-spectrum antibiotic and the one we gave most often was penicillin G. Careful watch on women with premature rupture of the membranes, accompanied by repeated bacteriological control makes it possible to avoid systematic antibiotic therapy and to allow the antibiotic sensitive bacteria to return to their primary role, if by chance infection of the amniotic contents, which is usually benign, occurs.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1980

[Acute upper genital tract infections. II. A. bacteriological study and the therapeutic consequences].

The authors have studied a prospective series of 62 cases of acute upper genital tract infections of different severities. Aerobic and anaerobic bacteriological examination were carried out from different sites: urine, blood, vagina, endocervix, intra-uterine devices and the pouch of Douglas. It is absolutely necessary to follow a strict technique according to the clinical examination in order to interpret the results according to a methodological plan. The results show that the gonococcus was found in 9 out of the 62 cases, which had a very varied flora. The value of the different smears and swabs is then discussed. In this way it is shown that specimens taken from the endocervix are definitely of great value although the ideal is to culture directly from intra-uterine devices or from specimens taken laparoscopically from the tubes. It is possible to give different courses of antibiotics: these should include however active substances against the group of anaerobes, which justifies adding metronidazole routinely. The use of corticoids which are often prescribed to limit the sequelae has not been proven to be of value.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1979

[Determination of fetal infectious risk by bacteriological examination of the amniotic fluid after premature rupture of the membranes].

Amniotic fluid was obtained per vagina from 228 mothers with premature rupture of the membranes and examined bacteriologically. The aim was to assess the importance of amniotic fluid contamination and the risk of foetal infection in the absence of systematic antibiotic therapy in the mothers. The incidence of amniotic fluid contamination was apparently greater in those mothers who had received antibiotics although the proportion of neonates with a true infection (3%) was almost identical. The absence of selection of resistant organisms is indicated by the marked preponderance of streptococci and the scarcity of Gram negative enterobacteriacae. Thus it is reasonable not to give systemic antibiotics but to culture the amniotic fluid. Infection can then be anticipated and in affected neonates the appropriate therapy started immediately.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1979

[Yersinia pseudotuberculosis septicemia in adults (author's transl)].

The authors discuss the clinical and bacterial characteristics and progressive changes occurring in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis septicemia, basing their observations on one personal case and 30 adult cases reported in the published literature. The roles played by a generally poor condition of the patient and martial overloading are emphasized, and the changes brought about by the introduction of antibiotic therapy evaluated.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Risk of neonatal Streptococcus B infection].

23 cases of contamination with streptococcus group B have been seen after premature rupture of the membranes. Mothers and fetuses have been affected. The systematic study of swabs or liquor or cervical discharge carried out on the mother since the time her membranes had ruptured show that in 74 per cent of cases studied contamination existed within the first 24 hours. Giving antibiotics to the mother before delivery gave very variable results. These multiple tests, before and around the time of birth, made it possible to detect the children at risk of infection and to start antibiotic therapy with a narrow spectrum antibiotic of the type Penicillin G. The clinical progress of these children, which is usually favourable, gives no reason for postponing prophylactic cover antibiotic treatment when the membranes have ruptured prematurely.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1977

[Spontaneous bacteriological course of prolonged rupture of the fetal membranes (author's transl)].

Bacteriologic study of amniotic fluid was undertaken in 300 cases of prolonged rupture of the membranes to evaluate the risk of infection without systematic administration of prophylactic antibiotics to the mother. The rate of amniotic contamination was 8.3 per cent within the first 12 hours following rupture of the membranes, it increased with time to reach 52 per cent, after 48 hours. In 90 per cent of the cases, contamination was caused by streptococci and anaerobes, Streptococcus B alone being responsible for 50% of the contaminations. Antibiotics administered to the mother were effective, but they needed a 6 hour-minimum delay to sterilize a contaminated amniotic fluid. Although the overall percentage of contamination was 23 per cent, infection occurred in only 4 per cent of the infants. The outcome was satisfactory in every case. Those results do not seem to discredit the suppression of prophylactic cover antibiotic therapy following the premature rupture of the membranes.

Amniotic Fluid↗