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Biomedical subjects

F Tanzer

Publications and source records attributed to F Tanzer.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Serum-free carnitine levels in children with heart failure.

The serum-free carnitine (SFC) levels of 91 children with heart failure (HF) and of a control group consisting of 30 healthy children were measured. Twenty-four of 91 children with HF were administered oral L-carnitine. The mean SFC level of children with HF (20.16 +/- 0.30 nmol/l) was significantly lower than that of the control group (38.98 +/- 0.79 nmol/ml) (p < 0.01). Mean SFC levels of 24 patients, after L-carnitine administration, increased significantly (p < 0.01). Patients administered L-carnitine displayed a marked difference in time taken for clinical improvement compared with those not given oral L-carnitine.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1999

Effect of antiepileptic drugs on bone mineral density in children between ages 6 and 12 years.

We assessed the effects of sodium valproate and carbamazepine monotherapy on bone mineral density (BMD) in children. BMD at the lumbar vertebrae (L1-L4) and radius-ulna was measured by the dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) method in 19 children (9 girls, 10 boys) with uncomplicated epilepsy and in 57 healthy children (28 girls, 29 boys), between the ages of 6 and 12 years. The study patients had been receiving either sodium valproate (n = 13) or carbamazepine (n = 6) monotherapy for more than 6 months. There were no significant differences between the control and study patients in age, height, weight, physical activity, or of serum concentrations of calcium, phosphate, and transaminases (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase). However, the serum alkaline phosphatase concentration was greater in the patient group as compared with the control group. BMD values were lower in girl patients (L1-L4; 0.497 +/- 0.08 vs 0.566 +/- 0.07 g/cm2, p < 0.05), but not in boys (0.534 +/- 0.06 vs 0.530 +/- 0.08 g/cm2). While BMD reduction was 8% in valproate therapy (midregion of radius-ulna; 0.287 +/- 0.03 vs 0.312 +/- 0.04 g/cm2, p < 0.04), it was reduced only 4.5% in the carbamazepine-treated group (0.298 +/- 0.01 vs 0.312 +/- 0.04 g/cm2, statistically not significant), although the mean durations of monotherapy with valproate (1.8 +/- 0.7 years) and carbamazepine (1.7 +/- 0.8 years) were similar. Thus decreased bone mineralization was observed in children with epilepsy, treated with sodium valproate even though treatment was for a rather short time.

Anticonvulsants↗
PubMed1997

Blood glucose levels and hypoglycaemia in full term neonates during the first 48 hours of life.

Thirty-five full term infants (38-41 weeks' gestation) were included in the study. Infants of mothers with complications of pregnancy, such as toxaemia, anaemia, diabetes, or hypertension were not included. All infants were fed during the first 3 hours of life and this was continued every 4 hours. Maternal glucose estimation was carried out 15 or 30 min before or at the time of birth. Glucose levels were measured in all 35 newborns at the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd hour, and 14, 24, 36, and 48 hours before feeding. Serum glucose levels were measured using a Reflectron Glucose Analyser. The lowest blood glucose level was seen in the first 3 hours of life. In the first 3 hours of life there were 12 infants with glucose levels less than 30 mg/dl, but in only three of those did the hypoglycaemic level continue and require treatment (9 per cent). We concluded that hypoglycaemia which is seen in the first 3 hours can be physiological and early feeding appears to influence subsequent glucose values.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1997

Serum free carnitine levels in children with recurrent pulmonary infections.

The serum free carnitine levels of 33 children with recurrent pulmonary infection and 30 healthy children were measured and found to be 26.12 +/- 0.98 nmol/mL and that of the control group 38.98 +/- 0.79 nmol/mL on the average. The mean free carnitine level was statistically determined to be significantly lower when compared with that of the control group (P < 0.01). The results indicate that oral L-carnitine therapy is recommended for pediatric patients with recurrent pulmonary infection.

Carnitine↗
PubMed1995

The influence of maternal iron deficiency anaemia on the haemoglobin concentration of the infant.

Serum ferritin, iron, and haemoglobin (Hb) values of 27 pregnant women who did not receive oral iron therapy during pregnancy, and Hb of their normal full-term babies were determined. Maternal blood samples were obtained at 16 and 24 weeks of pregnancy and infants' blood samples were obtained at the first day and 3 months of life. Mothers were divided into two groups according to their serum ferritin values. By analysing the results we were not able to detect any correlation between maternal ferritin, Hb, and newborn gestational age, and Hb and birth weight. The same was found when the groups were compared by a maternal serum ferritin above and below 12 ng/ml.

Anemia, Iron-Deficiency↗
PubMed1993

The effectiveness of lumbar puncture in the evaluation of delirium and fever in the hospitalized elderly.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the value of the cerebrospinal fluid examination in the evaluation of hospitalized; elderly patients with delirium and fever. DESIGN: A retrospective case series of consecutive events during a 15-month period. SETTING: Tertiary care center. PARTICIPANTS: Elderly patients admitted to the University of Cincinnati (Ohio) Hospital between July 1, 1988, and October 1, 1989, who had a lumbar puncture and cerebrospinal fluid evaluation to evaluate fever and mental status changes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary intracranial causes and the clinical characteristics of delirium and fever. RESULTS: Eighty-one hospital admissions were reviewed. Fifty-seven (70%) of the lumbar punctures were performed as part of the admitting workup, and the remaining 24 (30%) were performed during the hospitalization. Eighty of the 81 cerebrospinal fluid cultures were negative for bacterial growth. The primary origins for fever and delirium included urinary tract infections (25%), pneumonia (22%), viral causes (17%), and metabolic causes/dehydration (14%). One case of bacterial meningitis was diagnosed in an alcoholic, 73-year-old man who was unresponsive in the emergency department. One case of presumed aseptic meningitis was diagnosed in a 65-year-old man who presented with fever and headaches and a blood pressure of 230/100 mm Hg. CONCLUSIONS: Most hospitalized, older patients with fever and delirium have primary causes of the confusion outside the central nervous system and may not require a routine evaluation of their cerebrospinal fluid.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Pelvic tuberculosis.

Pelvic tuberculosis was diagnosed in 72 patients analyzed during the years 1979-1989. Twenty-nine percent of the patients were over 40 years of age. The most common complaints were infertility (47.2%), abdominal or pelvic pain (32%) and abnormal uterine bleeding (11%). Only 2 patients had past or family history of pulmonary tuberculosis. The physical examination was normal in 31.6% of the patients. The chest X-ray was normal in 81% of the patients. Blocked tubes were present in 32 of 34 patients who had hysterosalpingograms. Even if the diagnosis can be made from a histopathologic examination, hysterosalpingography is also a very useful aid in establishing a diagnosis. The most common site of infection was the tubes. Reconstructive surgery was performed in nine patients. Only one pregnancy was found in the present study without any medical or surgical treatment of pelvic tuberculosis. In one patient with habitual abortion as a cause endometrial tuberculosis was also found.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMed1992

Salpingitis isthmica nodosa in infertility and ectopic pregnancy.

Excised tubal segments from 94 infertile women with tubal obstruction, with a mean infertility duration of 5.3 years, and 40 women with ectopic tubal pregnancy were studied histopathologically to evaluate the association with salpingitis isthmica nodosa (SIN). The mean age of the 94 infertile women with tubal obstruction was 24.5 years. Hysterosalpingographies and laparoscopy were performed on all of them. Only the women with ectopic pregnancies we performed salpingectomy on were included in the present study. The incidence of SIN in women with tubal obstruction was 7.4%, in women with ectopic tubal pregnancy 10%, and in the control group the incidence was 0.2%. In 60% of the cases, SIN was present in both of the tubes. Based on this study, we conclude that SIN is significantly associated with infertility and ectopic tubal pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Calcium, magnesium and phosphorus concentrations in human milk and in sera of nursing mothers and their infants during 26 weeks of lactation.

Longitudinal calcium, magnesium and phosphorus concentrations were measured in milk and sera of 20 nursing mothers and their infants during a period of 26 weeks. Within this period, progressive increase in serum calcium, magnesium and total protein concentrations were observed in breast-fed infants, in association with decreasing phosphorus content of breastmilk. Maternal serum calcium, magnesium and total protein concentrations also increased during this period. It is speculated that a decrease in serum phosphorus in breast-fed infants can cause rickets. It is also speculated that the physiological rise in serum calcium concentrations in maternal serum may be related to the physiological increase in serum total protein.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Dermatoglyphic study in children with phenylketonuria.

Dermatoglyphic findings in 19 patients with phenylketonuria (11 male and 8 female), 39 of their relatives (18 female and 21 male) and 500 controls (TRC) were not statistically significant among the three groups studied. There was no definite relationship between the phenylketonuric gene and the dermatoglyphic patterns. The parents of half the phenylketonuria cases are not consanguineous; thus the phenylketonuria gene may be more frequent in Turkey than other European countries.

Child↗
PubMed1989

A study of the growth of 200 newborn babies for a period of 6 months according to the type of nutrition.

Two hundred newborn babies were followed up for 6 months to monitor their weight, height, head circumference and skinfold thickness to assess the effects of exclusive breast-feeding, mixed feeding, bottle feeding and socio-economic factors on these parameters. Of the 200 babies, 90% were breast-fed upon discharge, and 83 (46%) commenced mixed feeding within the first 6 weeks. Inadequate breast-milk was the main reason given for starting mixed feeding (63.9%). Weight at 6 months was significantly greater in breast-fed infants compared with those who were only bottle-fed. Skinfold thickness at 6 months was also greater in breast-fed infants than in the other nutrition groups.

Body Height↗
PubMed1984

Motor evoked potentials from transcranial stimulation of the motor cortex in cats.

Electrical testing of central nervous system pathways is assuming increasing importance in clinical medicine. However, there is no direct monitor of the motor system. We previously reported using a motor evoked potential created by direct excitation of the spinal cord, placing a stimulating electrode over the corticospinal tract area. To produce a less invasive test, we now use direct transcranial stimulation of the motor cortex through the scalp or direct stimulation of the motor cortex itself during operation. A descending signal can be recorded over the spinal cord and in the peripheral nerves where no retrograde sensory signals should be able to descend. This motor cortex stimulation produces contralateral limb movements and selective activation of the peripheral nerves of a limb. The characteristics of this signal are similar to those described in the neurophysiological literature for a descending motor signal. With a depth electrode, it was found that the signal was strongest in the spinal cord near the corticospinal tracts and in the anterior horn cell area. A set of lesioning studies showed that most of the signal travels in the area of the corticospinal tract, with some traveling in the ventral portion of the spinal cord, perhaps in the anterior corticospinal tract. Section of the pyramid essentially abolishes the signal, but lesioning of the red nucleus does not. This test offers an electrical assessment of the motor system that can be useful in experimental work on spinal cord and brain function. It has potential clinical applicability in humans.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Motor evoked potentials from transcranial stimulation of the motor cortex in humans.

Electrical monitoring of the motor system offers the potential for the detection of injury, the diagnosis of disease, the evaluation of treatment, and the prediction of recovery from damage. Existing evoked potentials monitor one or another sensory modality, but no generally usable motor monitor exists. We have reported a motor evoked potential using direct stimulation of the spinal cord over the motor tracts in cats and in humans. To achieve a less invasive monitor, we used transcranial stimulation over the motor cortex in the cat, thus stimulating the motor cortex. We report here the initial application of this method to humans. A plate electrode over the motor cortex on the scalp and a second electrode on the palate direct a mild current through the motor cortex which will activate the motor pathways. This signal can be recorded over the spinal cord. It can elicit contralateral peripheral nerve and electromyographic signals in the limbs or movements when the appropriate stimulation parameters are used. In clinical use to date, this has been more reliable than the somatosensory evoked potential in predicting motor function in patients where the two tests differed. It offers a number of possibilities for the development of valuable brain and spinal cord monitoring techniques, but requires further animal studies and clinical experience. Studies to date have not demonstrated adverse effects, but evaluation is continuing.

Adult↗