Biomedical subjects

F Tanaka

Publications and source records attributed to F Tanaka.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

PubMed2000

Pancreatoblastoma treated by delayed operation after effective chemotherapy.

A case of pancreatoblastoma in a 4-year-old girl is presented. She was admitted with an abdominal mass and vomiting in August 1994. Computed tomography scan showed a 10- x 8- x 7-cm mass occupying both the head and body of the pancreas. Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level was 9,600 ng/mL (normal, <8.3 ng/mL). Results of open biopsy of the tumor showed pancreatoblastoma. Chemotherapy was administered using the new A-1 regimen consisting of cyclophosphamide, etoposide, pirarubicin, and cisplatin. After 3 cycles of chemotherapy, the size of the tumor was reduced to 5 x 4 x 3 cm, the portal vein became patent, and the AFP value decreased to 98.1 ng/mL. Total removal of the tumor was performed leaving the head and tail of the pancreas. Postoperative chemotherapy continued for 2 years. The patient has been disease free for 5 years, and her serum AFP remained within normal levels.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗

PubMed2000

Successful combined therapy of cyclophosphamide and cyclosporine for acute exacerbated interstitial pneumonia associated with dermatomyositis.

Interstitial pneumonia of polymyositis and dermatomyositis (PM/DM), especially the rapid progressive type, is a serious complication. We report a case of acute exacerbated interstitial pneumonia associated with DM. The respiratory distress condition was refractory to steroid pulse therapy and cyclosporine, however, there was a good response to additional intravenous cyclophosphamide pulse therapy (IVCY). We propose the possibility that the combination of these immunosuppressants might be useful for interstitial pneumonia with DM which is resistant to conventional steroid therapies.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed2000

The history, mechanism and clinical use of oral 5-fluorouracil derivative chemotherapeutic agents.

The role of oral chemotherapy has been getting expanded because of the potential advantage in patients' convenience and better quality of life as well as in cost-effectiveness as compared with intravenous chemotherapy. In this article, the history, mechanism of anti-tumor activity, and clinical use of oral chemotherapy using 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) derivative chemotherapeutic agents are reviewed. Pharmacological analysis has revealed that 5-FU, a basic chemotherapeutic agent widely used against a variety of malignant tumors, shows a time dependent anti-tumor activity, and that continuous maintenance of 5-FU concentration in blood is the optimal method in 5-FU administration. UFT, a combination drug of ftorafur (tetrahydrofuranyl-5-fluorouracil, tegafur, FT) and uracil, has been developed to have potent anti-tumor activity by maintaining higher 5-FU concentration in blood and tumor tissues for a long time. FT is a pro-drug that releases 5-FU continuously, and uracil is added to inhibit degradation of the released 5-FU. Clinically, oral administration of UFT has proved to be effective as an adjuvant therapy after surgery for some malignant tumors such as non-small cell lung cancer. Moreover, UFT has proved to be effective for inoperable advanced malignancies such as colorectal cancer, especially in combination with leucovorin or cisplatin. Recently, S-1, a more active oral 5-FU derivative chemotherapeutic agent has been developed in Japan. Several factors to affect anti-tumor effects and/or toxicities of 5-FU and the derivatives, such as thymidylate synthase activity, dehydropyrimidine dehydrogenase activity and p53 status, are also discussed in the article. In conclusion, oral administration of 5-FU derivatives such as UFT may have several clinical advantages over intravenous 5-FU administration.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Normal patterns on 99mTc-ECD brain SPECT scans in adults.

UNLABELLED: Normative ethyl cysteinate dimer (ECD) SPECT data must be available to successfully apply ECD SPECT to clinical studies. The purpose of this study was to determine ECD SPECT scan patterns of healthy adults. METHODS: Forty-eight healthy volunteers (22 men, 26 women; age range, 22-95 y; mean age, 47.6 +/- 19.2 y) underwent high-resolution ECD SPECT. For visual analysis of regional brain ECD uptake, we used a scale of +3 to -3, in which +3 and -3 indicated highest ECD uptake and deficit, respectively. For quantitative analysis, we measured the region-to-cerebellum ratio (R/CE) and the region-to-cerebral cortex ratio (R/CO) for 17 regions (13 cortical, 3 subcortical, and 1 cerebellar). RESULTS: On visual analysis, no subject had a score of -3. All subjects had a score of -2 for the hippocampus and a score of +3 for the medial occipital cortex, except for 2 subjects who had a score of +3 for the striatum and thalamus. A frontal eye field and posterior parieto-occipital junction were identified in 60% of subjects with a score of +1 and 79% of subjects with a score of +2. On quantitative analysis, a significant regional variation (ANOVA, P < 0.0001) was seen in R/CE, ranging from 0.709 (hippocampus) to 1.26 (medial occipital cortex). However, regional right-to-left differences and intersubject variability of R/CE were small (asymmetry index, 3.6% +/- 0.8%; coefficient variation, 6.6% +/- 0.7%). R/CE declined significantly with age in 6 regions, including the anterior and posterior cingulate cortex, superior prefrontal and parietal cortex, striatum, and hippocampus (1.0%-2.0% per decade, P < 0.05), whereas R/CO in the cerebellum increased significantly with age (1.0% per decade, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Although regional ECD brain perfusion patterns vary significantly, including variability caused by the age-related effect, intersubject variability is small. Recognition of these normal patterns is important for clinical interpretation of ECD SPECT studies.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

[A case of ruptured distal aortic arch aneurysm with bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia].

We report a case of histologically proved bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP) associated with ruptured distal aortic arch aneurysm (DAAA) into the lung. A 63-years-old male with preoperative episode of hemosputum and hemoptysis was diagnosed DAAA. Preoperative computed tomographic scanning demonstrated that the aneurysm was surrounded with the structure of 2 layers of the enhanced high density external layer and the not enhanced low density internal layer. Combined resection of the left upper lobe and the aneurysm was performed safely because of marked adhesion between the lung and the aneurysm. Postoperative histological examination revealed that the perianeurysmal structure was due to BOOP.

Aneurysm, Ruptured↗

PubMed1999

SPECT imaging of pre- and postsynaptic dopaminergic alterations in L-dopa-untreated PD.

BACKGROUND: In PD, presynaptic dopamine transporters are known to be decreased, whereas postsynaptic striatal D2 receptors are proposed to be upregulated. However, the relationship between these alterations is not clear. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the ability of SPECT to detect both the pre- and postsynaptic dopaminergic alterations of the striatum in patients with L-dopa-untreated PD. METHODS: We studied 10 L-dopa-untreated patients with clinically mild PD and 21 age-matched normal controls. Individuals had both presynaptic [123I]beta-CIT dopamine transporter and postsynaptic [123I]IBF D2 SPECT studies 1 week apart. RESULTS: In PD patients, the dopamine transporter binding potential Rv ipsilateral/contralateral to the most affected limbs was 30%/41%, 41%/50%, and 59%/68% lower than controls for caudate, anterior putamen, and posterior putamen, respectively. These bilateral Rv decreases showed a lateralized difference more reduced in the contralateral striatum as well as intrastriatal differences most reduced in the posterior putamen. In contrast, in PD patients the D2 binding potential Rv ipsilateral/contralateral was 15%/16% higher for caudate, 18%/14% higher for anterior putamen, and 28%/31% higher for posterior putamen. These bilateral Rv increases showed no lateralized differences and less marked intrastriatal differences. The motor Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale scores negatively correlated with dopamine transporter Rv but not with D2 Rv. CONCLUSIONS: SPECT imaging can detect characteristic dopaminergic alterations in the striatum of dopa-untreated PD patients including the upregulation of postsynaptic D2 receptors (denervation supersensitivity). SPECT is widely available and is a promising clinical tool to evaluate PD patients.

Aged↗

PubMed1999

Systematic analysis of N-linked sugar chains from whole tissue employing partial automation.

A partially automated technique for the isolation and characterization of N-linked sugar chains from glycoproteins of crude tissue samples is established. The N-linked sugar chains from the acetone-extracted tissues are made free by a process of hydrazinolysis and subsequently N-acetylated by GlycoPrep 1000 (Oxford Glycosystems). These free sugar chains are further converted to pyridylamino derivatives by GlycoTag (Takara). Characterization of these sugar chains is achieved by a combination of HPLC columns using a highly sensitive fluorescence detector at femtomole levels. Tissue sample can be successfully pyridylaminated and analyzed to give highly reproducible results with consistent yield, requiring fewer purification steps, minimum skills, and less time. Moreover, fixed tissues can also be analyzed employing this technique, giving a similar sugar chain pattern compared to normal tissue samples. Using this method we show that the pattern of N-linked sugar chains present in human sera or in one small region of brain is strikingly similar among the different individuals. However, the absence of a highlighted peak in one of the samples suggests this method can be extrapolated to identify changes, if any, associated with disorders such as inflammation or cancer. Furthermore, this two-dimensional display of sugar chains would discover the function-specific molecules as we see in proteins.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

A MAGE-1-encoded HLA-A24-binding synthetic peptide induces specific anti-tumor cytotoxic T lymphocytes.

Although several MAGE-1 peptides have already been identified, the MAGE-1-encoded peptide presented by HLA-A24, which is the most common allele in Japanese population and is also frequently present in Caucasians, might have a wide applicability for immunotherapy using these peptides. To identify this potential peptide, we examined the induction of specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) from the peripheral-blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in HLA-A24 healthy donors by in vitro stimulation with MAGE-1-encoded synthetic peptides with a binding affinity for HLA-A24, by a simplified method. Of the 5 peptides tested, the highest HLA binder (NYKHCFPEI) was able to elicit CTL from unseparated PBMC by stimulation with freshly isolated, peptide-pulsed PMBC as antigen-presenting cells (APC) and by also using interleukin 7 and keyhole-limpet hemocyanin for a primary culture. The induced CTL could thus lyse HLA-A24 tumor cells expressing MAGE-1, as well as the peptide-pulsed target cells, in an HLA-class-I-restricted manner. By using the MAGE-1/HLA-A24 peptide, NYKHCFPEI, we found it possible to immunize many more patients, especially Japanese patients, by means of such peptide-based immunotherapeutic approaches to MAGE-1-positive malignant tumors.

Alleles↗

PubMed1999

Coexisting extraadrenal pheochromocytoma and von Meyenberg complexes: report of a case.

We herein report on a 62-year-old man who developed extraadrenal pheochromocytoma and von Meyenberg complexes of the liver (bile duct microhamartoma). The patient identified preoperatively as having a paraaortic mass which was subsequently diagnosed to be a pheochromocytoma. During the operation, small multiple nodules were unexpectedly recognized in the liver. Some of the liver nodules were resected by a wedge biopsy, and then were pathologically identified to be von Meyenberg complexes. This may be the first reported case of the coexistence of pheochromocytoma and von Meyenberg complexes. It is therefore necessary for surgeons to be aware of von Meyenberg complexes in the differential diagnosis of multiple liver metastases in malignant disease.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗

PubMed1999

Generation of specific antitumor reactivity by the stimulation of spleen cells from gastric cancer patients with MAGE-3 synthetic peptide.

The induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) using MAGE peptide has been investigated in order to use MAGE antigens immunotherapeutically. We therefore developed a simplified method for inducing peptide-specific CTL that kill tumor cells expressing MAGE from the PBMC of either healthy donors or even cancer patients. Since the spleen is a major lymphoid organ, we used a simple method to examine the capacity of spleen cells to generate MAGE-specific CTL by in vitro stimulation with MAGE peptide in gastric cancer patients. The CTL responses could thus be induced from unseparated spleen cells in HLA-A2 patients with gastric carcinoma expressing MAGE-3 by stimulating these cells with autologous spleen cells pulsed with HLA-A2-restricted MAGE-3 peptide as antigen-presenting cells and by using keyhole limpet hemocyanin and interleukin-7 for the primary culture. The induced CTL were thus able to lyse HLA-A2-positive carcinoma cells transfected with MAGE-3 and expressing MAGE-3, as well as the target cells pulsed with the peptide, in an HLA-class-I or -A2-restricted manner. Since MAGE-specific CTL could be induced from the spleen cells of gastric cancer patients, the spleen appears to play an important role in either clinical tumor vaccination or the treatment of cancer patients by adoptive immunotherapeutic approaches using the MAGE peptide.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗

PubMed1999

Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with PVM (Cisplatin + Vindesine + Mitomycin C) and UFT (Uracil + Tegaful) in resected stage I-II NSCLC (non-small cell lung cancer): a randomized clinical trial. West Japan Study Group for lung cancer surgery (WJSG).

OBJECTIVE: The West Japan Study Group For Lung Cancer Surgery (WJSG) conducted a randomized controlled trial in order to assess the usefulness of adjuvant chemotherapy for NSCLC. METHODS: Patients with completely resected NSCLC (stages I and II) were enrolled in the trial. These patients were randomized into two groups: a surgery alone group; and a chemotherapy group which received intravenous administration of two courses of 4-week PVM chemotherapy (80 mg/m2 of Cisplatin on day 1, 2-3 mg/m2 of Vindesine on day 1 and/or day 8, and 8 mg/m2 of Mitomycin C on day 1), after which they took 400 mg/day of UFT (Uracil + Tegaful) orally for 1 year. RESULTS: Among 229 patients registered for the study from August 1988 to July 1990, 225 were available cases (116 patients in the surgery alone group, and 109 patients in the chemotherapy group). No bias in prognostic factors could be found between the two groups. The 5-year survival rate was 71.1% for the surgery-alone group and 76.8% for the chemotherapy group with no significant difference observed. However, subset analysis demonstrated that PVM therapy improved the post operative survival of pT1N0 patients (the 5-year survival rate: 75.3% for the surgery alone group, and 90.7% for the chemotherapy group P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: It is interesting to find that among pT1N0 patients, who were not regarded as a target of chemotherapy, those receiving chemotherapy showed significantly better prognostic results. These findings suggest the necessity of further studies on the adjuvant chemotherapy, even in the early stages.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗

PubMed1999

Triggering of neuronal cell death by accumulation of activated SEK1 on nuclear polyglutamine aggregations in PML bodies.

BACKGROUND: A novel class of inherited human neurodegenerations is now known to be caused by expanded CAG repeats encoding polyglutamines. Polyglutamine-containing protein fragments have been shown to accumulate as aggregates in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm, and to induce cell death when expressed in cultured cells, leading to the proposal that polyglutamine aggregation is an important step in the pathogenesis. Supporting this, nuclear inclusions containing expanded polyglutamines have been identified in neurones from the brains of patients and in neurones from transgenic mouse models of this class of neural disorders. RESULTS: We analysed the consequences of polyglutamine expression in PC12 neuronal cells. Activated SEK1 accumulated with nuclear but not cytoplasmic polyglutamine aggregations, which consequently triggers cell death. Cell death induced by polyglutamine expression was inhibited by a dominant-negative SEK1 (DN-SEK1), but not by DN-SEK1 tagged with a nuclear export signal. Steady state SEK1 expression itself was enhanced two to three-fold. Nuclearly aggregated polyglutamines, which were identified in PML bodies, co-localized with not only activated SEK1 but also activated c-Jun. We also observed that nuclear inclusion-positive neurones from brains with Huntington's disease expressed SEK1. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides molecular links between the neurodegeneration observed in polyglutamine diseases, cell death signalling kinase cascades and nuclear subdomains related to cell death. We propose that the nuclear PML bodies containing polyglutamine aggregates activate the SEK1-JNK kinase cascade, resulting in the transduction of a death signal.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

Tissue-specific somatic mosaicism in spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy is dependent on CAG-repeat length and androgen receptor--gene expression level.

The factors influencing the tissue-specific pattern of somatic mosaicism in CAG-repeat diseases have not yet been fully resolved. We performed a detailed analysis of the degree of somatic mosaicism in various tissues from 20 patients with spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA), including 4 who were deceased. The most outstanding feature was the prominent somatic mosaicism observed in the cardiac and skeletal muscles, composed predominantly of postmitotic cells, and in the skin, prostate, and testis. The CNS tissues, liver, and spleen showed the least mosaicism. The tissue distribution of somatic mosaicism in patients with SBMA was markedly different from that in patients with Huntington disease (HD) and from that in patients with dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA). The degree of somatic mosaicism correlated with the CAG-repeat number but not with age at examination. Furthermore, tissues with a higher mosaicism level corresponded well to those with a higher expression level of androgen receptor protein. The tissue-specific pattern of somatic mosaicism related not only to cell composition with different cell turnover rates but to repeat size and gene expression levels, and postnatal cell division is unlikely to be a major cause of somatic mosaicism probably because of the relative stability of CAG repeat in SBMA.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Late-onset familial amyloid polyneuropathy type I (transthyretin Met30-associated familial amyloid polyneuropathy) unrelated to endemic focus in Japan. Clinicopathological and genetic features.

Clinicopathological and genetic features were assessed on 35 Japanese families affected by late-onset familial amyloid polyneuropathy type I (transthyretin Met30-associated familial amyloid polyneuropathy, FAP TTR Met30) whose siblings were unrelated to endemic Japanese foci. In these patients (50 years or older), the most common initial symptom was paraesthesias in the legs. Autonomic symptoms were generally mild and did not seriously affect daily activities. The male-to-female ratio was extremely high (10.7 : 1). A family history was evident in only 11 out of 35 families, and other patients were apparently sporadic. The rate of penetrance was very low. Symptomatic siblings of familial cases showed a late age of onset, male preponderance and clinical features similar to those of the probands. Asymptomatic carriers, predominantly female, were detected relatively late in life. The geographical distribution of these late-onset, FAP TTR Met30 cases was scattered throughout Japan. In three autopsy cases and 20 sural nerve biopsy specimens, neurons in sympathetic and sensory ganglia were relatively preserved. Amyloid deposition was seen in the peripheral nervous system, particularly in the sympathetic ganglia, dorsal root ganglia and proximal nerve trunks such as sciatic nerve. These abnormalities were milder than those seen in typical early-onset FAP TTR Met30, as observed in two Japanese endemic foci of this disease. While axonal degeneration was prominent in myelinated fibres, resulting in severe fibre loss, unmyelinated fibres were relatively preserved. Our cases of late-onset FAP TTR Met30 showed features distinct from those of typical early-onset FAP TTR Met30 that occurred in the two Japanese endemic foci. Factors responsible for clinicopathological differences between these two forms of FAP TTR Met30 need to be identified.

Action Potentials↗

PubMed1999

Transgenic mice harboring a full-length human mutant DRPLA gene exhibit age-dependent intergenerational and somatic instabilities of CAG repeats comparable with those in DRPLA patients.

Dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) is one among an increasing number of hereditary neurodegenerative diseases determined as being caused by unstable expansion of CAG repeats coding for polyglutamine stretches. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying CAG repeat instability, we established three transgenic lines each harboring a single copy of a full-length human mutant DRPLA gene carrying a CAG repeat expansion. These transgenic mice exhibited an age-dependent increase (+0.31 per year) in male transmission and an age-dependent contraction (-1.21 per year) in female transmission. Similar tendencies in intergenerational instabilities were also observed in human DRPLA parent-offspring pairs. The intergenerational instabilities of the CAG repeats may be interpreted as being derived from the instability occurring during continuous cell division of spermatogonia in the male, and that occurring during the period of meiotic arrest in the female. The transgenic mice also exhibited an age-dependent increase in the degree of somatic mosaicism which occurred in a cell lineage-dependent manner, with the size range of CAG repeats being smaller in the cerebellum than in other tissues including the cerebrum, consistent with observations in autopsied tissues of DRPLA patients. Thus, the transgenic mice described in this study exhibited age-dependent intergenerational as well as somatic instabilities of expanded CAG repeats comparable with those observed in human DRPLA patients, and are therefore expected to serve as good models for investigating the molecular mechanisms of instabilities of CAG repeats.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Expression of thymidylate synthase in human non-small cell lung cancer.

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) has been used worldwide, and the correlation between its effects and thymidylate synthase (TS) expression has been reported in gastrointestinal malignancy. But the significance of TS expression for 5-FU-based chemotherapy has rarely been reported in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We investigated surgically resected specimens of 23 consecutive patients with previously untreated NSCLC. We used immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis with anti-TS polyclonal antibody to evaluate the existence of TS, and fluorodeoxyuridine-5'-monophosphate (FdUMP) binding assay to evaluate the enzymic activity of TS. We found that 14 samples (60.9%) were positive immunohistochemically, and that the results of immunohistochemistry closely reflected the enzymic activity measured by FdUMP binding assay (ranging from 1.8 to 56.9 pmol/g protein). These results seem to support our experience that 5-FU and its derivatives are clinically significantly effective as a postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy against NSCLC.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

p53 status predicts the efficacy of postoperative oral administration of tegafur for completely resected non-small cell lung cancer.

Although postoperative adjuvant therapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) had not been reported to be effective, it has been reported recently that oral administration of tegafur (1-[2-tetrahydrofuryl]-5-fluorouracil, FT) may improve the postoperative prognosis. In the present paper, to examine whether p53 status affects the efficacy of FT as postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for NSCLC, a total of 236 consecutive patients with completely resected pathologic stage I-IIIa NSCLC were retrospectively reviewed. p53 status was determined by immunohistochemical staining. For all patients, the 5-year survival rate of patients with FT administration (FT group) was 78.1%, being significantly higher than that (69.1%) of patients without FT administration (control group) (P=0.046). For patients without immunohistochemical evidence of p53 overexpression, the 5-year survival rate in the FT group was 87.1%, being significantly higher than that (74.0%) in the control group (P=0.036). This demonstrates an improvement of postoperative prognosis by FT administration. On the other hand, for patients with p53 overexpression, there was no significant difference in the postoperative prognosis between the FT group and the control group (5-year survival rate 63.2% and 60.1%, respectively; P=0.514), demonstrating that FT administration was not effective for these patients. In conclusion, p53 status may be useful for predicting the efficacy of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy using FT. A prospective randomized study stratified by p53 status is needed to clarify the effect of postoperative FT administration.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1999

Prognostic significance of apoptotic index in completely resected non-small-cell lung cancer.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the significance of apoptotic index (AI) as a prognostic factor after surgery for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 236 patients who underwent surgery for previously untreated pathologic stage I to IIIa NSCLC between 1985 and 1990 were reviewed. AI was defined as the number of apoptotic cells, detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end-labeling, per 1,000 tumor cells. Proliferative index (PI) and aberrant p53 expression were also evaluated immunohistochemically. RESULTS: The 5-year survival rate for the lowest-AI group (AI < 5.0) was 74.7%; those for the lower-AI group (5.0 < or = AI < 11.0) and the higher-AI group (11.0 < or = AI < 25.0) were 51.6% and 57.8%, respectively. These survival rates were significantly lower than that of the lowest-AI group (P =.021 and P =.043, respectively). The highest-AI group (25.0 < or = AI), however, showed the most favorable prognosis, with a 5-year survival rate of 83.2%. Multivariate analysis confirmed that a moderate AI (5.0 < or = AI < 11.0 or 11.0 < or = AI < 25.0) was a significant factor to predict poor prognosis. The PIs for the lowest-, the lower-, the higher-, and the highest-AI groups were 32.3%, 48.0%, 54.3%, and 50.7%, respectively. The lowest-AI group showed a favorable prognosis because of its low PI, whereas the lower- and the higher-AI groups had a poor prognosis caused by increased cancer-cell proliferation. The highest-AI group showed the most favorable prognosis because apoptotic cell death overcame cell proliferation. No significant correlation was observed between AI and aberrant p53 expression. CONCLUSION: AI proved to be an independent prognostic factor in NSCLC.

Adenocarcinoma↗