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Biomedical subjects

F Taddei

Publications and source records attributed to F Taddei.

53 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Acute effects of intravenous phosphodiesterase inhibition in chronic heart failure: simultaneous pre- and afterload reduction with a single agent.

Intravenous phosphodiesterase inhibition with milrinone is known to have a beneficial effect on haemodynamics in chronic heart failure. Its effect on lower limb capacitance vessels has not been previously investigated. We have studied the effect of intravenous milrinone in 10 patients with severe chronic heart failure. Thirty minutes after commencement of treatment mean cardiac index had risen by 26% and pulmonary artery wedge pressure, systemic vascular resistance and right atrial pressure had fallen by 51, 24 and 89%, respectively (p less than 0.05 for all changes). These changes were maintained for the 2 h observation period with no evidence of tolerance and were accompanied by a 17% increase in venous volume (p less than 0.01) and a 42% increase in ejection fraction (p less than 0.001) at 30 min; at 120 min the improvement in ejection fraction had been maintained and a further increase in venous volume to 38% above baseline was evident. The increase in venous volume was strongly correlated with the decrease in mean pulmonary artery wedge pressure and mean right atrial pressure at 30 min and 2 h (r = -0.80 and -0.69 for mean pulmonary artery wedge pressure, r = -0.88 and -0.56 for mean right atrial pressure). Milrinone therefore has clinically important venodilating properties, in addition to its known effects as an arterial vasodilator and a positive inotrope.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Anesthesia for laparoscopic cholecystectomy].

Alterations in the serological, pulmonary and cardiocirculatory parameters, potentially determined by CO2 pneumo-peritoneum during laparoscopic cholecystectomy, require careful intraoperative evaluation. With the aim of verifying the real entity of these alterations, an experience is reported relating to 76 of the 303 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy during 14 months. During surgery, besides an obvious increase in pO2, a slight hypercarbia and a slight decrease in pH were observed, which required pharmacological intervention in only 5 cases. In no case did the respiratory and haemodynamic alterations observed necessitate the conversion into laparotomy. This initial experience gives us reason to conclude that careful monitoring of the respiratory parameters leads to an adequate anaesthesiological conduct, and thus facilitates the completion of laparoscopic procedures.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Pattern reversal visual evoked potentials in fencers.

Visual evoked potentials were recorded from occipital and temporal leads in the two cerebral hemispheres of eight fencers and eight control subjects. The stimulus was a checkerboard subtending a small (1 degree) or large (30 degrees) visual field. Significant differences in P60, N75 and P100 latency and amplitude were found between the two subject groups, especially during the processing of the large visual field. In fencers and left-handers shorter latencies were found for the large visual field condition, whereas right-handers showed an opposite trend. The results give further evidence of special patterns of visual processing in athletes, like fencers, in agreement with the literature.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Alterations of surface morphology caused by the metabolism of menadione in mammalian cells are associated with the oxidation of critical sulfhydryl groups in cytoskeletal proteins.

Incubation of freshly-isolated (rat hepatocytes) or cultured (HeLa, GH3, and McCoy) mammalian cells with menadione (2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone) resulted in the appearance of numerous cell surface protrusions. The perturbation of surface structure was associated with an increase in the amount of cytoskeletal protein and the oxidation of sulfhydryl groups in actin, leading to the formation of high-molecular weight aggregates sensitive to treatment with thiol reductants. Our findings indicate that the oxidation of thiol groups in cytoskeletal proteins may be responsible for menadione-induced cell surface abnormalities in mammalian cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Perioperative management of diabetic subjects. Subcutaneous versus intravenous insulin administration during glucose-potassium infusion.

The purpose of this study was to validate methods for the perioperative management of diabetic patients that meet the prerequisites of simplicity, applicability in the absence of a diabetologist, and flexibility, to rapidly meet changing metabolic requirements. The patients were divided into two groups that were comparable for age, sex distribution, type of diabetes, and type of surgical procedures. The results show that intravenous insulin administration achieved better glycemic control during the intraoperative period, whereas it did not offer advantages over the subcutaneous route during the pre- and postoperative periods. The satisfactory degree of steady glycemic control achieved and the absence of hypoglycemic episodes indicate that the separate administration of insulin and glucose plus electrolytes is an effective and safe management modality for diabetic patients undergoing major surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Biopsy of the chorionic villi in the early diagnosis of chromosomal diseases].

In the first trimester of pregnancy two simple chorionic villus sampling method, carried out under ultrasound guidance, with transabdominal or transcervical aspiration, was evaluated in 257 cases at risk for chromosomic diseases. The high efficacy of the transabdominal aspiration was demonstrated by obtain villus tissue for karyotyping in all but one case. In only one sample the abnormalities detected were not confirmed (one case of false positive).

Chorionic Villi Sampling↗
PubMed1985

[Advantages and disadvantages of peripheral anesthesia (subarachnoid and peridural) in urological surgery].

The pros and cons of spinal anesthesia for urological surgery are discussed and the technical details described of both subarachnoidal and peridural blocks, as they are routinely performed in the author's experience. An evaluation and a comparison on the two techniques give place to the following remarks: spinal anesthesia, not higher than L4-L5, is suitable for surgery on the lower urinary tract and male genitalia, as far as reach and level are concerned; it ensure lesser blood losses because of its know effects on vascular regulation; the awakeness of the patients ensures a quicker recognition of possible complications; peridural, as compared with subarachnoidal block, affords better bleeding control, lesser side effects, a more prolonged anesthesia.

Anesthesia, Spinal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Second-order selection in bacterial evolution: selection acting on mutation and recombination rates in the course of adaptation.

The increase in genetic variability of a population can be selected during adaptation, as demonstrated by the selection of mutator alleles. The dynamics of this phenomenon, named second-order selection, can result in an improved adaptability of bacteria through regulation of all facets of mutation and recombination processes.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The control of blood glucose in the critical diabetic patient: a neuro-fuzzy method.

Conventional algorithms for regulating insulin infusion rates in those critical diabetic patients submitted to parenteral glucose and insulin infusions do not allow to approach near normal blood glucose (BG) levels since traditional control systems are not fully effective in complex nonlinear systems as BG control is. Thus, we applied fuzzy logic principles and neural network techniques to modify intravenous insulin administration rates during glucose infusion. Forty critically ill, fasted diabetic subjects submitted to glucose and potassium infusion entered the study. They were randomly assigned to two treatment regimes: in group A, insulin infusion rates were adjusted, every 4 h at any step between -1.5 and +1.5 U/h, according to a neuro-fuzzy nomogram; in control group B, insulin infusion rates were modified according to a conventional algorithm. In group A, BG was lowered below 10 mmol/l faster than in group B (8.2+/-0.7 vs. 13+/-1.8 h, P<.02). Mean BG was 7.8+/-0.2 in group A and 10.6+/-0.3 mmol/l in group B (P<.00001). BG values below 4.4 mmol/l were: A=5.8% and B=10.2%. BG values lower than 2.5 mmol/l had never been observed. In conclusion, the neuro-fuzzy control system is effective in improving the BG control in critical diabetic patients without increasing either the number of BG determinations or the risk of hypoglycemia.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Fetal atrioventricular blood flow velocity in the 2nd half of pregnancy: a Doppler echocardiographic study].

Pulsed Doppler velocimetry of both fetal atrioventricular valves derived in the four-chamber-view were performed in 94 uncomplicated pregnancies between the 20th and the 40th week of gestation. The maximal velocities in early (E-peak) and late diastole (A-Peak) as well as the E/A Ratio were calculated for both tricuspid (TV) and mitral valves (MV). Normal ranges for the six measured parameters were constructed and correlated with gestational age. In the second half of pregnancy an increase of the E-wave for both valves was found (TV r = 0,59; MV r = 0,48) with higher values through the TV compared with the MV. In comparison the A-velocities showed a flat increase during the observation time (TV r = 0,32, MV r = 0,24). The E/A Ratio for both valves which is < 1 in the fetus showed an increase throughout pregnancy, mainly due to the increase of the E-wave in the observed period of time. These intracardiac Doppler flow measurements enable an insight into the physiology of fetal circulation. They give a basis for the analysis of blood flow under pathological conditions, like in congenital heart defects or in intrauterine growth retardation.

Blood Flow Velocity↗