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Biomedical subjects

F Skrabal

Publications and source records attributed to F Skrabal.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

[Treatment of hypertension with a drug combination, consisting of bemetizide, triamterene, dihydralazine and bupranolol (author's transl)].

The optimal daily dose and dose regimen of a new drug combination (Pertenso), consisting of 10 mg bemetizide, 20 mg triamterene, 20 mg dihydralazine and 20 mg bupranolol were tested in 14 hypertensive outpatients (WHO I to III) in a single blind crossover trial. The mean blood pressure before treatment was 183/107 +/- 5/2 mm Hg (+/-SEM) and was lowered to a mean blood pressure of 147/89 +/- 4/4 mm Hg (+/- SEM; p less than 0,005) during a multiple dose regimen and to 141/84 +/- 3/3 mm Hg (+/- SEM; p less than 0,005) during a single dose regimen. The results indicate that even in hypertension which requires a combination of diuretics, vasodilators and beta-adrenergic blocking agents for treatment, a fixed combination of these substances could be given for effective blood pressure control. The data suggest the possibility of a single dose regimen of the fixed drug combination.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Prevention and non-medicinal treatment of hypertension (author's transl)].

Due to the multifactorial origin of hypertensive heart disease there are several points of attack for prevention and for non-medicinal therapy. In recent decades prophylactic trials and studies on the therapeutic efficacy of non-medicinal measures in established hypertension have been neglected in favor of drug therapy so that at present only weight reduction and restriction of salt intake show a confirmed action. Further measures are: dietary increase of potassium, physical endurance training and behavior therapy methods. With the low cost of nonmedicinal measures and in view of possible side-effects of a pharmacological hypertension therapy, these should be applied or tested particularly in borderline hypertension.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1981

Low sodium/high potassium diet for prevention of hypertension: probable mechanisms of action.

20 normotensive subjects (10 with a family history of hypertension) were investigated as to whether moderate salt restriction and/or a high potassium intake had a beneficial effect on blood pressure regulation and prevention of hypertension. In all subjects a moderate reduction of salt intake from 200 to 50 mmol/day over 2 weeks reduced the rise in blood pressure induced by various doses of noradrenaline (0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 microgram/kg/min). Furthermore, of 20 subjects 12 (8 with a family history of hypertension) responded to salt restriction with a fall in systolic or diastolic blood pressure of at least 5 mm Hg. There were no significant differences in plasma renin, aldosterone, vasopressin, and catecholamine levels between responders (salt-sensitive subjects) and non-responders, but salt-sensitive subjects had a mean baseline diastolic blood pressure which was higher than that of salt-insensitive subjects by 13 mm Hg (77.3+/-3.26 vs. 64.6+/-2.06, p less than 0.001). A high potassium intake reduced diastolic blood pressure by at least 5 mm Hg in 10 out of 20 subjects, of the 10 7 had a family history of hypertension and 9 responded to salt restriction. A high potassium intake also improved compliance with a low salt regimen, promoted sodium loss, prevented the rise in plasma catecholamines induced by a low salt diet, and increased the sensitivity of the baroreceptor reflex. These four effects occurred in the group as a whole and were probably the means by which a high potassium intake reduced blood pressure. In all subjects 2 weeks of a combined low sodium/high potassium intake reduced blood pressure rises induced by mental stress or noradrenaline infusion by 10 mm Hg. The results of this study suggest that moderate salt restriction combined with a high potassium intake helps to prevent hypertension, that salt-sensitive subjects exist, and that these individuals would profit most.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline in essential and renal hypertension (author's transl)].

Plasma renin, adrenaline and noradrenaline were measured by the respective radioenzymic and radioimmunological methods in 69 patients with essential hypertension, 40 patients with secondary hypertension from chronic parenchymatous renal disease and in 18 normotensive controls. Plasma levels of adrenaline and noradrenaline were not statistically different in primary secondary hypertension and were comparable with normotensive controls. Compared with secondary hypertension, only 4% of patients with primary hypertension had a marginally raised plasma noradrenaline, compared with normotensive subjects, only 6% had a definitely raised plasma noradrenaline level. Though absolutely normal, noradrenaline in high renin essential hypertension was significantly higher than in low renin essential hypertension; it correlated neither with age nor blood pressure. Plasma adrenaline was reduced in about 30% of patients with primary and secondary hypertension, leading to a positively skewed frequency distribution; plasma adrenaline correlated positively with heart rate (p less than 0.001), pulse pressure (p less than 0.01) and plasma noradrenaline (p less than 0.01) and negatively with diastolic blood pressure (p less than 0.05). Supine plasma catecholamine levels do not demonstrate differences in adrenergic tone in primary and secondary hypertension and do not add any new evidence for an increased sympathetic tone in primary hypertension. In fact, plasma adrenaline is suppressed in about 30% of patients with primary and secondary hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Follow-up of patients with pituitary tumors before and after operation, medical treatment and radiotherapy (author's transl)].

From 1976 till 1981 56 patients with pituitary tumors were observed. From a total of 51 adenomas 17 prolactinomas (33.3%), 15 acromegalies (29.4%), 4 Cushing-syndromes (7.8%), 1 TSH-producing adenoma (1.9%) and 14 hormone-inactive adenomas (27.4%) were found. In addition there were 4 craniopharyngeomas and 1 intrasellar meningeoma. For the individual types of adenomas prae-and postoperative hormonal data after transcranial resp. transsphenoidal adenomectomy are listed. Prolactinomas responded well to bromocriptine therapy in some cases, whereas acromegalies showed no remission after bromocriptine. After radiotherapy of 4 recidive-adenomas remission in one case was seen. Problems and objects of long-term-care of patients with pituitary tumors are discussed.

ACTH Syndrome, Ectopic↗
PubMed1980

Influence of exposure to moderate altitude on the plasma concentraton of cortisol, aldosterone, renin, testosterone, and gonadotropins.

The influence of 11 days at moderate altitude (2,000 m) combined with exercise on plasma concentration of testosterone, FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone), LH (luteinizing hormone), cortisol, aldosterone, and renin activity was studied in ten healthy subjects. Within 48 h of arrival at moderate altitude a significant increase in testosterone was found whereas FSH had decreased significantly and LH showed a tendency to decrease. Cortisol increased significantly at the beginning and reached a maximum at the end of altitude exposure. The plasma aldosterone level rose continuously and on the last day of altitude was significantly elevated. Plasma renin activity showed a tendency to decrease. On return to low land all measured parameters returned to base line values within 2 days. The findings of increases in plasma levels of aldosterone and testosterone (and serum T3 and T4, as reported by others) are in contrast to the previously found decrease of urinary excretion of all these hormones. This appears to be a distinct dissociation of serum levels of adrenal (and thyroid) hormones from their urinary excretion. The observed increase in plasma aldosterone is probably mediated through ACTH and the rise in plasma potassium, since plasma renin activity showed an opposite trend. The rise in plasma testosterone is probably of adrenal origin since plasma gonadotropins declined simultaneously. The increase of plasma levels of glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and androgens after an ascent from 600 m to 2,000 m above sea level is compatible with an ACTH-mediated stimulation of the entire adrenal cortex and/or a diminished elimination of adrenal steroids: The concomitant fall of FSH, LH, and plasma renin would then be a consequence of a direct negative feedback inhibition of these hormones.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1980

Effect of moderate salt restriction and high potassium intake on pressor hormones, response to noradrenaline and baroreceptor function in man.

1. Twenty-one normotensive subjects were studied to assess any possible benefits of moderate salt restriction and of high potassium intake in the prevention of hypertension in man. 2. The effects of salt reduction from 200 to 50 mmol/day and/or of an increase of potassium intake from 80 to 200 mmol/day over a 2 week period, on blood pressure, plasma noradrenaline, adrenaline, vasopressin, renin and aldosterone, were measured both at rest and after mental stress. The effects of graded infusion of noradrenaline on blood pressure and heart rate were also studied. 3. Salt restriction lessened the increase of blood pressure during noradrenaline infusion; the combination with high potassium intake also reduced the pressure rise after mental stress. There were no major changes in plasma levels of vasopressin and adrenaline. Plasma noradrenaline increased during the low sodium diet. 4. High potassium intake improved baroreceptor function as revealed by the greater decrease in heart rate for a given rise in pressure after noradrenaline infusion. 5. The results of this study are compatible with a protective effect of a practicable low sodium/high potassium diet on the development of human hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Adrenal scintigraphy-value and indications in adrenal disease].

Adrenal scintillation scanning is a very useful method in the diagnosis of steroid producing diseases of the adrenal glands. The diagnosis of bilateral hyperplasia and primary adenoma of the adrenal cortex in Cushing's syndrome and Conn's syndrome is possible by this non-invasive procedure. Morphological questions (e.g. the localization of a phaeochromocytoma) cannot be answered. It is not a screening examination.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1979

[Lymphomatoid granulomatosis primarily affecting the skeletal muscles].

The authors report on a woman (34 years old) which was affected by lymphomatoid granulomatosis. During the first periods of the disease the granulomatous lesions were confined to the muscles of the upper extremities. High fever, progressive development of new muscular lesions and later of lesions in the pharynx, larynx, and the lungs characterized the clinical course. Therapeutic approaches included glucocorticoids, chemotherapy, irradiation, plasmapheresis, but induced no relevant beneficial effect. Based on laboratory and experimental data as well as on data from the literature the authors discuss the pathogenesis and differential diagnosis of this disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Subtraction potential difference: In-vivo assay for mineralocorticoid activity.

Parallel fluctuations of potential difference (P.D.) across oral and rectal mucosa are probably related to the activity of autonomic nerves rather than adrenal steroids. Unlike rectal mucosa, oral mucosa does not respond to exogenous or endogenous aldosterone. Therefore subtraction of oral P.D. from rectal P.D. gives a closer indication of mineralocorticoid activity than does rectal P.D. alone. In normal subjects plasma-aldosterone correlated well with subtraction P.D. (r = 0.74; P is less than 0.001). A subtraction P.D. higher than 26 mV in subjects on a normal sodium intake indicated primary or secondary hyperaldosteronism; if the level was lower than 11 mV four hours after intramuscular injection of 0.25 mg tetracosactrin this suggested mineralocorticoid deficiency. Measurement of oral and rectal P.D. permits rapid and inexpensive diagnosis of aldosterone excess and deficiency. The method may also be used in study of the mineralocorticoid effect of other adrenal steroids: as assessed with this bioassay, the plasma 18-OH-deoxycorticosterone, which is raised in some patients with essential hypertension, lacked any in vivo mineralocorticoid activity.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1976

[Rectal electrical potential difference and plasma aldosterone in hyperaldosteronism and low-, normal- and high-renin hypertension].

Rectal electrical potential difference (P.D.), plasma aldosterone and plasma renin activity were measured in 25 normal subjects, 80 patients with untreated essential hypertension, 4 patients with primary and 9 patients with secondary hyperaldosteronism. In normal subjects the rectal P.D. was 26 +/- 10 mV (+/- S.D.); in patients with hyperaldosteronism it was 51 +/- 7 mV. Plasma aldosterone and rectal P.D. were correlated significantly (r = 0.84, p less than 0.001) in these two groups combined. In 29% of patients with low-renin hypertension, in 9% of patients with normal-renin hypertension and in 3 out of 8 patients with high-renin hypertension, rectal P.D. was found to be elevated in the presence of normal plasma and urinary aldosterone and no correlation was observed between plasma aldosterone and rectal P.D. (r = --0.09, n.s.). In 3 out of 7 patients with low-renin hypertension and high rectal P.D., plasma and urinary aldosterone were consistently suppressed. Since patients with low renin and high rectal P.D. responded favourably to spironolactone therapy it is suggested that mineralocorticoids other than aldosterone may contribute to the pathogenesis of the hypertension in these cases. The aetiology of raised rectal P.D. in normal and high-renin hypertension is not clear, but both catecholamines and angiotensin II may be involved. The measurement of rectal P.D. alone is of limited value as a screening test for primary hyperaldosteronism in hypertensive patients, but combined with renin measurements it is a valuable tool for further investigation of patients with suspected mineralocorticoid excess syndromes, as well as for adjusting therapy with competitive aldosterone antagonists in patients with proven primary or secondary hyperaldosteronism.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1976

Immediate plasma renin response to propranolol: differentiation between essential and renal hypertension.

The immediate short-term effect on plasma renin activity of intravenous injection of propranolol was studied in 31 normal subjects and 166 hypertensive patients. In patients with essential hypertension and normal subjects plasma renin activity fell considerably within 15 minutes; the fall was directly proportional to initial plasma renin levels. In contrast, in patients with renal hypertension the fall was much less pronounced or totally absent. These differences in response to propranolol provide, though presently only on a group basis, a biochemical means of differentiating between patients with renal hypertension and those with essential hypertension. The observations also indicate that, unlike normal subjects and patients with essential hypertension, in patients with renal hypertension sympathetic activity plays no part in the control of basal plasma renin levels.

Adolescent↗