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Biomedical subjects

F Shaw

Publications and source records attributed to F Shaw.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Law and public health at CDC.

Public health law is an emerging field in U.S. public health practice. The 20th century proved the indispensability of law to public health, as demonstrated by the contribution of law to each of the century's 10 great public health achievements. Former CDC Director Dr. William Foege has suggested that law, along with epidemiology, is an essential tool in public health practice. Public health laws are any laws that have important consequences for the health of defined populations. They derive from federal and state constitutions; statutes, and other legislative enactments; agency rules and regulations; judicial rulings and case law; and policies of public bodies. Government agencies that apply public health laws include agencies officially designated as "public health agencies," as well as health-care, environmental protection, education, and law enforcement agencies, among others.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.↗
PubMed2000

Neurocardiovascular instability, hypotensive episodes, and MRI lesions in neurodegenerative dementia.

We investigated whether carotid sinus hypersensitivity (CSH) and orthostatic hypotension (OH) were associated with a greater severity of hyperintensities on MRI scan in 30 patients with neurodegenerative dementia (17 dementia with Lewy bodies, 13 Alzheimer's disease), who had a detailed evaluation of OH and CSH during active standing and head-up tilt. Patients also underwent a 1.0 Tesla MRI scan, from which hyperintensities were rated on a standardized scale. A blood pressure (BP) drop > 30 mm Hg during carotid sinus massage or active standing was significantly associated with the severity of MRI hyperintensities in the deep white matter (OR 10.0, 95%; CI 1.8-55.7) and in the basal ganglia (OR 11.0, 95%; CI 1.2-99.5) but not in periventricular areas (OR 1.4, 95%; CI 0.3-1.8). Patients with the cardio-inhibitory form of CSH with the largest BP drops were the most at risk. Further longitudinal studies need to investigate the direction of causality to determine whether CSH or OH predispose to MRI hyperintensities and accelerate cognitive decline.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Medical urology.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

The signature of balancing selection: fungal mating compatibility gene evolution.

A key problem in evolutionary biology has been distinguishing the contributions of current and historical processes to the maintenance of genetic variation. Because alleles at self-recognition genes are under balancing selection, they exhibit extended residence times in populations and thus may provide unique insight into population demographic history. However, evidence for balancing selection and extended residence times has almost exclusively depended on identification of transspecific polymorphisms; polymorphisms retained in populations through speciation events. We present a broadly applicable approach for detecting balancing selection and apply it to the b1 mating type gene in the mushroom fungus Coprinus cinereus. The comparison of neutral molecular variation within and between allelic classes was used to directly estimate the strength of balancing selection. Different allelic classes are defined as encoding different mating compatibility types and are thus potentially subject to balancing selection. Variation within an allelic class, where all alleles have the same mating compatibility type, provided an internal standard of neutral evolution. Mating compatibility in this organism is determined by the complex A mating type locus, and b1 is one of several redundantly functioning genes. Consequently, we conducted numerical simulations of a model with two subloci and varying levels of recombination to show that balancing selection should operate at each sublocus. Empirical data show that strong balancing selection has indeed occurred at the b1 locus. The widespread geographic distribution of identical b1 alleles suggests that their association with differing A mating types is the result of recent recombination events.

Alleles↗
PubMed1998

Mistaken identity.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1998

High prevalence of neurovascular instability in neurodegenerative dementias.

Orthostatic hypotension and carotid sinus hypersensitivity were assessed in patients meeting clinical criteria for dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB; n=30) and AD (n=35). Cardioinhibitory carotid sinus hypersensitivity (CI) was the most common sign (AD patients, 28%; DLB patients, 41%). Preliminary data from a secondary analysis excluding patients with hypertension or EKG evidence of ischemia suggested that CI may be significantly more common in DLB. Larger studies are needed to evaluate the implications for treatment and to explore the underlying mechanisms.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Lack of pancreatic [3H]estradiol-binding activity in cystic fibrosis.

A major characteristic of cystic fibrosis (CF) is the progressive degeneration of acinar cells in the pancreas. It is now well established that the normal pancreas contains an abundant amount of an [3H]estradiol-binding protein. Although the physiological function of this protein is unknown, available evidence suggests that it modulates resting secretion from acinar cells. Analysis of pancreatic autopsy samples from 13 patients who had CF demonstrated a high degree of correlation between loss of acinar cells and loss of [3H]estradiol-binding activity. Autopsy samples taken from individuals unaffected by CF contained large amounts of the [3H]estradiol-binding protein that were significantly correlated with the tissue content of amylase. This biological model demonstrates that the [3H]estradiol-binding protein in pancreas is localized primarily within acinar cells. Based on the presumed regulatory role this protein has on pancreatic secretion, an hypothesis is offered to account for acinar cell degeneration in individuals suffering from cystic fibrosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Perceptions of rape in a British sample: effects of relationship, victim status, sex, and attitudes to women.

A study of attitudes to rape in a non-student British sample is reported. Ninety-six subjects (64 male, 32 female) were presented with a newspaper rape account in which previous relationship between victim and rapist and victim status were manipulated. Respondents were divided into females, males with traditional attitudes to the female role, and males with progressive attitudes. Relationship and status had no effect on perceptions but consistent effects were found for sex of respondent and attitudes to the female role.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Anaesthesia for laparoscopy: alfentanil and fentanyl compared.

A double blind comparison was made between alfentanil and fentanyl as analgesic components of anaesthesia. Sixty-six women undergoing laparoscopy received methohexitone, alcuronium, nitrous oxide and oxygen, with either alfentanil 0.75 mg or fentanyl 0.25 mg. Ten of the patients who received alfentanil and 1 patient who received fentanyl required supplementation of anaesthesia by enflurane. Recovery from anaesthesia was similar in the two groups of patients though the onset of spontaneous breathing occurred more quickly after alfentanil (P less than 0.002). The injection of fentanyl was followed by a fall in BP (P less than 0.05) and the mean minimum value for pulse rate occurring after fentanyl was slower than after alfentanil (P less than 0.05).

Alfentanil↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Problems of maintaining repair parts in the biomedical shop.

The diversity and complexity of medical instrumentation found in the modern hospital requires that today's Biomedical Equipment Laboratory be prepared for various types of repairs without significant instrumentation downtime. The rising cost of repair parts for medical instrumentation necessitates that the laboratory be more selective in the type and quantity of repair parts that it stocks. Consideration must be given to local availability of parts; the repair capability of the personnel; and the availability of local manufacturers' service. Great care must be taken in storing parts and in keeping stock records.

Inventories, Hospital↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The prevalence, assessment and associations of falls in dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer's disease.

Falls were assessed for 3 months using a daily fall diary in 65 (30 dementia with Lewy bodies, DLB; 35 Alzheimer's disease, AD) dementia patients from a case register, diagnosed using operationalised clinical criteria, with established accuracy against post-mortem. Multiple falls (>5) occurred in 37% of DLB patients and 6% of those with AD, often resulting in injury. None of the standard risk assessment tools identified fallers, but they did identify multiple fallers. More detailed evaluation methods examining gait patterns, sway and neurovascular instability were not helpful. Multiple falls were associated with DLB, parkinsonism, previous falls, greater impairment of activities of daily living and older age. Falls are particularly common in DLB sufferers and may aid diagnosis. Treatment studies evaluating fall reduction strategies are a priority.

Accidental Falls↗