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Biomedical subjects

F Shapiro

Publications and source records attributed to F Shapiro.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Tibial epiphyseal development: a cross-sectional histologic and histomorphometric study in the New Zealand white rabbit.

Sequential histomorphometric studies on the developing rabbit tibia from birth to skeletal maturity demonstrate that growth plate height lessens as longitudinal growth diminishes. Differing rates of development proximally and distally are documented. Distally, growth plate height, width, and area and total epiphyseal area peak or reach near maximum values by 3 weeks, whereas proximally, they do so by 8 weeks (except for height, which also peaks at 3 weeks). The distal growth plate is being obliterated by 16 weeks, at which time the proximal growth plate remains well structured and open. The distal tibia and fibula develop as one tissue mass. The articular cartilage and epiphyseal cartilage are continuous from birth, whereas a single ossification center and a single growth plate are present by 8 weeks. The data point to the presence of intrinsic growth plate, as well as systemic, control mechanisms affecting skeletal growth. Knowledge of temporal and quantitative features of epiphyseal and growth plate development will greatly aid in the elucidation of the underlying controls.

Aging↗
PubMed1986

A longitudinal study of the growth of the New Zealand white rabbit: cumulative and biweekly incremental growth rates for body length, body weight, femoral length, and tibial length.

This longitudinal study documents cumulative and incremental growth in the New Zealand white rabbit from 2 to 34 weeks of age at biweekly intervals. Body weight, body length, femoral length, and tibial length have been assessed in 17 male and 12 female rabbits, with the data tabulated separately. A specially designed restrainer was used that allowed the sequential clinical measurements and femoral and tibial radiographs to be performed without the use of anesthesia. Skeletal growth was complete at 28 weeks, with the 34-week values thus representing mature adult lengths. The mean body weight at 2 weeks of age was 6% that at 34 weeks, and by 16 weeks, 72% of the weight at 34 weeks was achieved. Weight continued to increase in the adult. The mean body length at 2 weeks was 40% that at 34 weeks, and by 16 weeks, 91% of mature adult length was achieved. The mean femoral length at 2 weeks was 38% of the adult length, and at 16 weeks, it reached 95% of adult length. The mean tibial length at 2 weeks was 38% of the adult length, and 94% of the adult value was achieved by 16 weeks. The longitudinal data document the rate and extent of growth of the New Zealand white rabbit, and allow for more accurate timing and quantitation of physical and systemic interventions on the developing skeleton of the commonly investigated New Zealand white rabbit.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Tapetoretinal degeneration associated with multisystem abnormalities. A case report.

Tapetoretinal degeneration is not infrequently associated with other systemic abnormalities. The authors have examined an 11-year-old girl with severe pigmentary degeneration of the retina associated with severe musculoskeletal abnormalities, growth failure, recurrent respiratory problems, sensorineural hearing loss, and mental retardation. To the best of their knowledge, this constellation of features has not been described previously and probably represents a new clinical entity.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1986

Longitudinal roentgencephalometric study of the growth of the New Zealand white rabbit: cumulative and biweekly incremental growth rates for skull and mandible.

A longitudinal roentgencephalometric study of the New Zealand white rabbit has documented postnatal skull and mandible growth from 2 to 34 weeks of age. Dorsoventral and lateral radiographs were performed using a specially constructed restrainer that allowed for standardized films and did not require the use of anesthesia. Assessments from 17 male and 12 female rabbits at biweekly intervals documented cumulative growth as well as biweekly incremental growth. Indices reported here include skull length, interzygomatic width, intercondylar width, and mandibular length. Mean skull length at 2 weeks was 54% of that at 34 weeks, and by 16 weeks 91% of adult skull length was achieved. Mean interzygomatic width at 2 weeks was 60% of that at 34 weeks, and by 16 weeks 91% of adult male and 94% of adult female widths were achieved. Mean mandibular length at 2 weeks was 47% of that at 34 weeks, and by age 16 weeks 90% of adult length was achieved. Mean intercondylar width at 2 weeks was 57% of that at 34 weeks, and by 16 weeks 89% of adult male and 93% of adult female widths were achieved. Biweekly increments decreased continually from 2 weeks of age on for all indices.

Aging↗
PubMed1985

Facioscapulohumeral dystrophy presenting in infancy with facial diplegia and sensorineural deafness.

Six patients are described in whom facial diplegia occurred in the first year of life, with subsequent development of facioscapulohumeral dystrophy. All had severe progressive disability prior to adolescence. Facial involvement did not include extraocular muscles. All six patients had a sensorineural hearing loss. Evidence of a mildly affected parent was found in three families. Progressive and severe facioscapulohumeral dystrophy accompanied by facial diplegia and sensorineural hearing loss may represent a separate genetic form of facioscapulohumeral dystrophy.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1984

Treatment of congenital osteopetrosis with high-dose calcitriol.

We administered high doses of calcitriol (up to 32 micrograms per day) to an infant with malignant osteopetrosis, in an attempt to stimulate bone resorption. The patient was placed on a low-calcium diet to prevent hypercalcemia. Measures of bone turnover increased during calcitriol therapy; hydroxyproline excretion rose from 140 to 1358 micrograms per milligram of creatinine per 24 hours, with parallel increases in the ratio of calcium to creatinine in the urine, urinary gamma-carboxyglutamic acid, serum osteocalcin, and serum alkaline phosphatase. A pretreatment bone-biopsy specimen contained no osteoclasts with ruffled borders, a feature of active osteoclasts. After 11 days of calcitriol, ruffled borders were noted. After three months, numerous osteoclasts with ruffled borders and associated bony disruption were evident. Before therapy, the patient's monocytes were incapable of in vitro bone resorption, but after calcitriol, their resorptive capacity was increased to 3.3 times control levels. These data demonstrate that calcitriol increased bone mineral and matrix turnover in our patient. However, during the three months of calcitriol therapy there was only slight clinical improvement in her severe disease. Early and sustained treatment with calcitriol may be useful in osteopetrosis.

1-Carboxyglutamic Acid↗
PubMed1984

Congenital hemihypertrophy and abnormalities of the cerebral vasculature. Report of two cases.

Two patients are described with congenital hemihypertrophy and vascular abnormalities of the brain on the side of the hypertrophy and in the posterior fossa. The abnormalities observed included giant aneurysm, capillary hemangioma, and arteriovenous malformation. Vascular anomalies in the affected limbs are common in congenital hemihypertrophy, and neurological abnormalities and hypertrophy of the brain have been reported. The presence of vascular abnormalities of the brain in this condition may provide an opportunity to further the understanding of the development of cerebrovascular malformations.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Free physeal transplantation in the rabbit. An experimental approach to focal lesions.

UNLABELLED: We have developed a procedure to transplant free autogenous iliac-crest physeal grafts into defects created in the lateral aspect of the distal femoral physis of rabbits. Excision of a portion of the lateral part of the physis led consistently to formation of a bone bridge, growth arrest, and valgus deformity. There was no evidence of increased activity by the persisting physis to fill the defect or of differentiation of mesenchymal cells into a functioning physeal layer. We carried out preliminary studies to define the optimum conditions for obtaining and transplanting a free autogenous iliac-crest physeal graft into the femoral physeal defect. The iliac apophysis is composed of a fibrocartilaginous layer, cartilage similar to epiphyseal cartilage, and a physis. The graft included the physis and some overlying epiphyseal cartilage but the outermost fibrocartilaginous layer and the surrounding perichondrium were removed, as these two tissues were believed to inhibit diffusion. The graft was separated gently from the metaphysis. Histological studies showed that the separation occurred at the lower hypertrophic-chondrocyte zone. After optimum techniques had been developed for transplantation and the feasibility of the procedure had been established in twenty-one rabbits, the capacity of the physeal transplants to prevent bone-bridge formation, growth arrest, and valgus deformity was evaluated in thirty-nine rabbits, three to four months old, using the standardized transplantation procedure. The results were assessed in terms of the gross and radiographic appearance of the femur, measurements of length, and histological characteristics. The transplanted physis retained its normal morphology, united with the residual part of the original femoral physis, and participated in endochondral bone formation. Bone-bridge formation between the femoral epiphysis and metaphysis, growth arrest, and valgus deformity were prevented or minimized in most animals, and the physeal transplants yielded good or excellent results in 60 per cent of the procedures using stringent criteria. The results of this study show that free physeal transplants into focal defects can remain viable and function satisfactorily if they are fashioned properly and inserted gently. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study demonstrated that transplantation of an iliac-crest physis into a defect of the lateral aspect of the distal femoral physis can prevent bone-bridge formation, growth arrest, and the development of valgus deformity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease: a study of lower extremity length discrepancies and skeletal maturation.

Lower extremity length discrepancies and skeletal maturation have been studied in 147 patients with unilateral Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease followed by orthoroentgenograms for 5 or more years. At the time of initial assessment there was a marked delay in skeletal age as related to chronologic age in 83 percent of the patients. Standing height in the majority of patients both at disease presentation and at skeletal maturation was less than the mean. The average maximum total femoral and tibial discrepancy during the course of the disease was 2.14 cm. The maximum femoral discrepancy averaged 1.38 cm and the maximum tibial discrepancy averaged 0.93 cm. (The time of maximum discrepancy differed in the two major lower extremity bones). The extent of tibial discrepancy correlated well with the time of immobilization in the unilateral abduction ischial weight-bearing brace. The discrepancies did not invariably increase with time and many corrected with the repair process. Four developmental patterns of the discrepancy were detected and classified. Epiphyseal arrest was resorted to in 21 percent of the patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Ollier's Disease. An assessment of angular deformity, shortening, and pathological fracture in twenty-one patients.

A retrospective review of twenty-one patients with Ollier's disease showed that the lesion involved the femur and tibia most frequently, and that those bones accounted for the large majority of clinical problems. Angular deformities were common; 80 per cent of the affected femora had clinically significant varus or valgus angulation in the distal part and 42 per cent of the affected tibiae had proximal or distal deformity. The apex of the angulation, when present, was metaphyseal, with the concavity on the side that was more extensively involved by the enchondromas. Osteotomies were done frequently to correct angulation; all healed well. Deformity in the distal part of the femur frequently required repeat osteotomy to achieve a straight bone at skeletal maturity, The extent of shortening, which always was present in the involved limb, closely paralleled the extent of involvement, The discrepancies in limb lengths prior to surgical treatment averaged 9.8 centimeters (range, 4.3 to 35.7 centimeters). Epiphyseal arrest, when appropriately timed, was effective in correcting or limiting the discrepancies, but partial (medial or lateral) epiphyseal arrest to correct angular deformity was ineffective. Diaphyseal lengthening was done on six occasions, once in the femur and five times in the tibia and fibula, with good results. Fourteen pathological fractures occurred in seven of the twenty-one patients, and all healed uneventfully with conservative treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Developmental patterns in lower-extremity length discrepancies.

A review of lower-extremity length-discrepancy data in 803 patients demonstrated that not all discrepancies continue to increase at a constant rate with time. A classification of the developmental discrepancy patterns identified is presented: type I, upward slope; type II, upward slope-deceleration; type III, upward slope-plateau (type IIIA, downward slope-plateau; type IIIB, plateau); type IV, upward slope-plateau-upward slope; and type V, upward slope-plateau-downward slope. The patterns are dependent on the nature of the conditions causing the discrepancies and on the place and time of their occurrence. The distribution of the types of patterns in the various etiological groups is presented. The classification of developmental patterns illustrates the varying directional changes that can occur in these discrepancies and their dependence on underlying biological phenomena. Determination of the distribution of pattern types in the various conditions aids in planning the frequency of length-discrepancy studies. The patterns alone do not provide projections of final discrepancies, but when used in conjunction with the femoral-tibial length and growth-remaining charts of Green and Anderson they permit accurate projections of discrepancy to be made.

Adolescent↗