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Biomedical subjects

F Shapiro

Publications and source records attributed to F Shapiro.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Changes in milk composition as affected by subclinical mastitis in sheep.

The mechanism of the effects of glandular-level subclinical mastitis in dairy sheep on milk yield and on its composition as expressed in curd yield was studied. Thirty-six Israeli-Assaf dairy sheep with one udder half infected with identified coagulase-negative staphylococci and the contralateral gland free of bacteria were chosen. The milk yield of the infected halves was significantly lower than that of the uninfected ones (0.36 vs. 0.76 kg/milking). The somatic cell count and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity were significantly higher in the infected halves than in the uninfected ones. The plasminogen activator and plasmin (PL) activities were significantly higher in the infected glands than in the uninfected ones, whereas plasminogen (PLG) activity and the ratio PLG:PL were significantly lower in the infected glands. Concentrations of Ca2+ did not differ, whereas Ca2+ activity was significantly lower and proteose peptone concentration was 2.4 times as high in the infected glands than in the uninfected ones. Curd yield was significantly lower in the infected glands than in the uninfected ones.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Infusions of casein hydrolyzates into the mammary gland disrupt tight junction integrity and induce involution in cows.

Milk stasis triggers local stimuli, which make the tight junctions leak and trigger involution. The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that casein hydrolyzates compromise tight junction integrity and dry-off milk secretion in dairy cows. Six repeated doses of casein hydrolyzates after each milking during 3 d caused drastic changes in mammary secretion and composition, which were associated with irreversible cessation of milk secretion. No such changes were recorded in the control glands that had been treated with nonhydrolyzed casein. Treatment with casein hydrolyzates disturbed tight junction integrity within 8 h (as indicated by changes in Na+ and K+ concentrations), reduced the concentrations of lactose precipitously, activated the plasmin activator-plasminogen-plasmin system, and induced the secretion of immunoglobulin type G and lactoferrin. At the end of the 3-d treatments, we stopped milking the experimental and control glands. Milk composition 19 d later was similar in the experimental and control glands and was consistent with the composition expected in fully involuted glands. We conclude that casein hydrolyzates are among the milk-borne factors that cause the disruption of tight junction integrity and induce involution in cows. The process induced by casein hydrolyzate was more rapid and synchronized than the involution induced at drying-off.

Albumins↗
PubMed2002

Primary gamma-sarcoglycanopathy (LGMD 2C): broadening of the mutational spectrum guided by the immunohistochemical profile.

An important step in the diagnostic evaluation of a patient with recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy is the immunohistochemical analysis of the components of the sarcoglycan complex in a muscle biopsy specimen. Even though a primary mutation in any of the four sarcoglycan genes (alpha-, beta-,gamma-, delta-sarcoglycan) may cause secondary deficiencies in all the other sarcoglycan proteins, more specific immunohistochemical patterns have emerged with the potential to guide and abbreviate the necessary molecular genetic investigations. In gamma-sarcoglycan mutations, the pattern consists of absent or prominently reduced gamma-sarcoglycan immunoreactivity in combination with reduced but detectable immunoreactivity for the other components, with preservation of delta-sarcoglycan. In five consecutive patients, this pattern was able to predict primary gamma-sarcoglycan mutations. Five different mutations were found, including a recurrent novel splice mutation, a large deletion of the entire gene and a novel missense mutation (Leu90Ser). The mutation Cys283Tyr, previously restricted to Gypsy populations was found in compound heterozygosity with del521T, common in north Africa. The variety of known and novel mutations found indicates that the immunohistochemical profile of gamma-sarcoglycan mutations is not restricted to a particular mutation or type of mutation, but rather is a general reflection of the effect of gamma-sarcoglycan mutations on the composition of the sarcoglycan complex. Complete immunohistochemical analysis with all available sarcoglycan antibodies, therefore, is a useful tool to guide the molecular genetic investigations that are necessary to arrive at the correct genetic diagnosis in a given case.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Novel and recurrent mutations in lamin A/C in patients with Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy.

Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) is characterized by slowly progressive muscle wasting and weakness; early contractures of the elbows, Achilles tendons, and spine; and cardiomyopathy associated with cardiac conduction defects. Clinically indistinguishable X-linked and autosomal forms of EDMD have been described. Mutations in the STA gene, encoding the nuclear envelope protein emerin, are responsible for X-linked EDMD, while mutations in the LMNA gene encoding lamins A and C by alternative splicing have been found in patients with autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, and sporadic forms of EDMD. We report mutations in LMNA found in four familial and seven sporadic cases of EDMD, including seven novel mutations. Nine missense mutations and two small in-frame deletions were detected distributed throughout the gene. Most mutations (7/11) were detected within the LMNA exons encoding the central rod domain common to both lamins A/C. All of these missense mutations alter residues in the lamin A/C proteins conserved throughout evolution, implying an essential structural and/or functional role of these residues. One severely affected patient possesed two mutations, one specific to lamin A that may modify the phenotype of this patient. Mutations in LMNA were frequently identified among patients with sporadic and familial forms of EDMD. Further studies are needed to identify the factors modifying disease phenotype among patients harboring mutations within lamin A/C and to determine the effect of various mutations on lamin A/C structure and function.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Thermal effects of focused ultrasound energy on bone tissue.

The effects of focused ultrasound (US) at therapeutic acoustic power levels were studied in vivo on the bone-muscle interface in rabbit thighs. The purpose of this study was to provide direction in establishing safety guidelines for treating tissue masses using focused US on or near bone. A positioning device was used to manipulate a focused US transducer (1.5 MHz) in a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. This system was used to sonicate the femurs of 10 rabbits at acoustic power levels of 26, 39, 52 and 65 W for 10 s. The rabbits were euthanized either 4 h or 28 days after the sonications and the bone samples were harvested for histology examinations. In the femurs studied, acoustic power levels from 39 to 65 W resulted in soft tissue damage characterized grossly by coagulated tissue and bone damage depicted by yellow discoloration. Histologic examination of lesions from sonications from 39 to 65 W demonstrated that osteocyte damage and necrosis, characterized by pyknotic cells and empty lacunae, occurred within the ablation area extending through the bone. The follow-up MR images demonstrated an increase in the amount of damage in the femurs at 28 days posttreatment in comparison to images taken immediately after treatment. Focused US directed at the femur caused immediate significant thermal damage to bone in the form of osteocyte necrosis extending through the (approximately) 1 cm bone in this study. The results suggest that, when focused US energy is directed at or near bone-muscle interfaces, precautions should be taken to avoid thermal damage to the bone that can compromise its strength for extended periods.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Adrenocorticotrophic hormone and dexamethasone failed to affect milk yield in dairy goats: comparative aspects.

The ability of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH; single i.v. injection of 2.5IU/kg BW) and dexamethasone (single i.m. injection of 36mg/kg BW) to affect milk production was studied in mid-lactating Israeli Saanen goats. None of these treatments produced changes in milk yield and composition of the goats. The effects of ACTH on blood cortisol levels, and the effects of ACTH and dexamethasone on blood plasma concentrations of glucose, however, were consistent with previous reports in goats and cows. These responses suggest that ACTH and dexamethasone treatments produced their expected glucocorticoid effects. It is suggested that obstructing the axis: stress-ACTH-glucocorticoid-down regulation of milk yield, which was demonstrated in dairy cows, reflects the adaptation of goats to harsh conditions, and the selection pressure to produce milk under conditions which are considered stressful for other ruminants.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

A mutation in the alpha 3 chain of type IX collagen causes autosomal dominant multiple epiphyseal dysplasia with mild myopathy.

Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (MED) is a degenerative cartilage condition shown in some cases to be caused by mutations in genes encoding cartilage oligomeric matrix protein or type IX collagen. We studied a family with autosomal dominant MED affecting predominantly the knee joints and a mild proximal myopathy. Genetic linkage to the COL9A3 locus on chromosome 20q13.3 was established with a peak log(10) odds ratio for linkage score of 3.87 for markers D20S93 and D20S164. Reverse transcription-PCR performed on the muscle biopsy revealed aberrant mRNA lacking exon 3, which predicted a protein lacking 12 amino acids from the COL3 domain of alpha3(IX) collagen. Direct sequencing of genomic DNA confirmed the presence of a splice acceptor mutation in intron 2 of the COL9A3 gene (intervening sequence 2, G-A, -1) only in affected family members. By electron microscopy, chondrocytes from epiphyseal cartilage exhibited dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum containing linear lamellae of alternating electron-dense and electron-lucent material, reflecting abnormal processing of mutant protein. Type IX collagen chains appeared normal in size and quantity but showed defective cross-linking by Western blotting. The novel phenotype of MED and mild myopathy is likely caused by a dominant-negative effect of the exon 3-skipping mutation in the COL9A3 gene. Patients with MED and a waddling gait but minimal radiographic hip involvement should be evaluated for a primary myopathy and a mutation in type IX collagen.

Cartilage↗
PubMed2000

Cartilaginous path of physeal fracture-separations: evaluation with MR imaging--an experimental study with histologic correlation in rabbits.

PURPOSE: To define the transverse levels of intracartilaginous fractures by using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and histologic analysis in experimental physeal fracture-separations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Physeal fracture-separations were evaluated with MR imaging in 28 distal femurs and 28 proximal tibias of 22 immature rabbits. The intraphyseal transverse level of injury was graded as juxtaepiphyseal (germinal or proliferative zones) or juxtametaphyseal (hypertrophic zone or zone of provisional calcification). Histologic sections from 23 specimens were studied to assess correlations. We assessed nonenhanced and gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted, intermediate-weighted, T2-weighted, and spoiled gradient-recalled-echo T1-weighted images. RESULTS: In all MR studies, the injury was visible as a cleft of signal intensity lower than the signal intensity of the physeal cartilage. Juxtaepiphyseal extension, seen in 18 (64%) of 28 fractures, was more frequent in the undulating central part of the distal femoral physis than in the flatter proximal tibial physis (P =.008). In 20 of 23 specimens, MR imaging and histologic findings had excellent correlation for the detection of fracture level and morphology. CONCLUSION: The course and level of injury within the cartilage in physeal fracture-separations can be defined with MR imaging. Extension into the juxtaepiphyseal physis, a potential risk factor for growth arrest, is detectable with MR imaging; MR imaging and histologic findings correlate well.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Stunting syndrome in broilers: effect of electrolytes in drinking water on performance and intestinal glucose transport.

Posthatched naive or inoculated male broiler chicks were kept in separate rooms. An inoculum was prepared from intestines of stunting-syndrome affected broiler chicks. Tap water was supplied from 2 L cups, 1 cup per pen. In the Ist experiment, the naive chicks were provided with tap water only and the inoculated ones had free access to tap water or to an electrolyte solution. In the 2nd experiment, the naive and inoculated birds had free access to water in addition to an electrolyte solution. Supplementation was provided up to 3 weeks of age; thereafter all chicks had access to tap water only. Water or electrolyte consumption and body weight (BW) were determined. Total water intake of inoculated chicks was higher than that of naive counterparts (P<0.001). Electrolyte supplementation increased drinking (P<0.001) in inoculated birds more than in naive ones. At 1 week old the weight of the inoculated birds was about 64% of the weight of naive ones; at the age of 4 and 6 weeks it was about 74% and 86% respectively. Compensatory growth was most apparent in the inoculated chicks provided with electrolyte solution. At the age of 6 weeks, the latter exceeded the BW of the exclusively water supplied counterparts by 327 g. Electrolyte supplementation up to the age of 3 weeks had no effect on the naive counterparts. Osmolality was reduced slightly, but very significantly by inoculation; electrolyte supply had no effect on this variable. Sodium concentration in the plasma was higher in the inoculated birds. Plasma albumin was markedly reduced by inoculation on weeks 1 and 2. Whereas the inoculated chicks supplied with electrolytes resumed the level plasma albumin level of the naive chicks on week 3, an over-compensation occurred in the inoculated-water-supplied (IW) group, and they surpassed the naive chicks significantly. Blood hematocrit increased significantly with age; inoculation, age and/or electrolyte supplementation had no effect on this variable. Sodium-dependent glucose transport rates were enhanced in vesicles obtained from inoculated chicks as compared to naive ones. While electrolyte supplementation had no effect on glucose active transport in naive chicks, electrolyte supplementation decreased rates of glucose active transport in inoculated ones. These data demonstrate that electrolyte supplementation during the early age may be used to enhance the tolerance of broiler chicks to stunting-syndrome by improving food and water consumption, and subsequently growth rate during and after cessation of electrolyte supply.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Epiphyseal and physeal cartilage vascularization: a light microscopic and tritiated thymidine autoradiographic study of cartilage canals in newborn and young postnatal rabbit bone.

The vascular pattern of newborn and early postnatal epiphyseal and physeal cartilage is integral to long bone development and differs from later postnatal patterns. In the present study, we supplement light microscopic histology with tritiated thymidine autoradiography to help assess the position of cartilage canals and the dynamics of cartilage vascularity in relation to growth. Tritiated thymidine labeling studies to assess cell proliferation activity were done by using 2 microc/g body weight intraperitoneal injections into newborn and 3-, 4-, and 7-day-old New Zealand white rabbits that were killed 1 hr after the injection. Proximal humeral, distal femoral, and third metatarsal epiphyses were assessed by routine histology and serial section autoradiography. Cartilage canals were seen in each epiphysis. Transphyseal vessels were seen in each epiphysis continuous from the epiphysis to the metaphysis or were present within the physis traversing the proliferating and hypertrophic cell zones. Histologic sections showed vessels from the perichondrium continuous with those of the epiphyseal cartilage canals at proximal humeral, distal femoral, and metatarsal epiphyses. Serial sections showed vascular buds and connective tissue cells lying in indentations at the periphery of and present within the epiphyseal cartilage. Autoradiographic studies showed extensive labeling of vessel wall cells and surrounding connective tissue cells of the cartilage canals (a) within the epiphyseal cartilage, (b) traversing the physis, and (c) within the epiphyseal cartilage but continuous with the perichondrial vessels. The labeling was always far more extensive than in the surrounding chondrocytes and was always present throughout the entire extent of the canals. In conclusion, the cell labeling activity strongly supports an active dynamic phenomenon underlying the vascularization of epiphyseal and physeal cartilage.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1998

A phase II trial of intraperitoneal cisplatin and etoposide as consolidation therapy in patients with Stage II-IV epithelial ovarian cancer following negative surgical assessment.

PURPOSE: To determine the efficacy of three courses of intraperitoneal (i.p.) cisplatin (CDDP) and etoposide (VP-16) as consolidation therapy following pathologically negative second-look surgical reassessment for Stage IIC-IV epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between September 1988 and April 1996, 40 patients were treated with three cycles of i.p. CDDP (100 mg/m2)/VP-16 (200 mg/m2) as consolidation therapy. Survival was compared to that of a group of 46 contemporaneous patients undergoing observation only. RESULTS: Median age of the 36 eligible patients was 52 years (range 30-70 years). Stage distribution was II (3), III (31), and IV (2); histologic grade was 1 (2), 2 (7), 3 (25), and not recorded (2); and residual disease at completion of initial surgery was none/microscopic in 13/36 (36%) patients. Median age of the 46 patients who did not receive consolidation was 52 years (range, 27-80 years); stage distribution was II (18), III (26), and IV (2); histologic grade was 1 (5), 2 (12), 3 (28), and not recorded (1). With a median follow-up of 36 months in both groups, 14/36 (39%) of the protocol group have recurred compared with 25/46 (54%) of those undergoing observation alone. Median disease-free survival (DFS) for the observed patients is 28.5 months and has not been reached in the consolidation group. Disease-free survival distribution between the two groups was compared using the log-rank test and was found to be significant (P = 0.03). Multivariate analysis revealed that the only significant predictor of improved DFS was protocol treatment (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Intraperitoneal consolidation with CDDP/VP-16 following negative second-look reassessment in patients with advanced EOC resulted in a significant increase in DFS compared to nonprotocol patients treated concurrently who underwent observation alone.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Stunting syndrome in broilers: effect of stunting syndrome inoculum obtained from stunting syndrome affected broilers, on broilers, leghorns and turkey poults.

Responses to stunting syndrome (SS) infective material obtained from affected broilers and administered per os were monitored for 3 wk in a fast-growing commercial broiler population, in slow-growing Leghorn chicks, and in turkey poults. At 2 and 3 wk, the size of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) segments, the pH of the GIT contents, and the activities of digestive enzymes in the intestinal contents and of disaccharidases on the jejunum mucosae were determined. Inoculation affected the genetic stocks differently. In broiler chicks, growth and feed utilization were markedly reduced. In contrast, inoculation of Leghorns was accompanied by improved feed intake and growth rate. Performance of poults was affected only slightly, albeit significantly. The effect of inoculation on the pH of crop and intestinal contents in Leghorn chicks was opposite to that found in broiler chicks, i.e., a significant increase in the crop and small intestinal pH in the former vs a significant decrease in inoculated broilers. Although inoculation of the broiler chicks did not affect the pH in the proventriculus, in Leghorn chicks it was reduced by 25%. In poults, inoculation did not significantly affect GIT contents pH. The GIT segments were markedly enlarged in broiler chicks, whereas in Leghorn chicks the opposite trend was observed; namely, intestinal segment weights were significantly reduced. In poults, inoculation caused a reduction in the intestinal segments and gizzard weight at 3 wk. During this same period, the liver and pancreas relative weights were dramatically increased in broiler chicks. A higher relative heart weight at 2 wk was observed in broilers and poults; this trend persisted to Week 3 in poults but not in broiler chicks. In broiler chicks, a nonsignificant reduction was observed for all enzymes assayed at 3 wk and for chymotrypsin at 2 wk. In Leghorn chicks, inoculation was accompanied by a marked and significant increase in the activity of chymotrypsin during both periods. In poults, inoculation caused a marked increase in the activities of amylase during Week 2 and 3, and trypsin at 3 wk. Maltase and saccharase activities in the jejunum of broiler chicks were slightly depressed a t 2 and 3 wk, the depression being significant at 2 wk for maltase and at 3 wk for saccharase. In the Leghorn chicks, inoculation caused a twofold increase in the activities of both enzymes. As in Leghorns, inoculation of poults with SS infective material caused a marked increase in the activities of the disaccharidases. The different responses to SS inoculation in the different genetic stocks are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

The response of patients with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy to neuromuscular blockade with vecuronium.

BACKGROUND: The authors hypothesized that patients with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy (DMD) are more sensitive to nondepolarizing muscle relaxants. METHODS: Eight children with DMD and eight healthy children having orthopedic procedures were studied. Anesthesia consisted of thiopental, 60% nitrous oxide in 40% oxygen, and intravenous fentanyl and midazolam. Using electromyography, the ulnar nerve was stimulated and the electromyographic train-of-four ratio (TOFr) of the first dorsal interosseous muscle was recorded every 60 s. After baseline TOFr recording, all patients received 50 microg/kg vecuronium and the TOFr at 3 min was compared. Vecuronium (10 microg/kg) was then administered every minute until TOFr was < or =0.1. The TOFr was followed until TOFr was > or =0.01. Then 10 microg/kg of vecuronium were administered to maintain TOFr < or = 0.1. At the conclusion of the procedure, TOFr was allowed to recover to 0.25, and then neostigmine and glycopyrrolate were administered. Data are presented as medians and ranges. RESULTS: The initial dose of vecuronium resulted in greater TOFr depression in patients with DMD than in controls (0.14 vs. 0.86). Less vecuronium was needed to produce TOFr < or = 0.1 in the patients with DMD than in the control patients (55 microg/kg vs. 95 microg/kg). Recovery time for the TOFr to > or =0.1 after the initial dose was longer in the patients with DMD than in the controls (28 vs. 20 min; P = 0.03), and the maintenance dose of vecuronium was less in patients with DMD (0.6 vs. 1.3 microg x kg[-1] min[-1]; P < 0.01). The time for TOFr recovery from 0.1 to 0.25 was 36 min in the patients with DMD and 6 min in the controls (P < 0.01). After neostigmine, the TOFr was 1.0 in the controls and 0.91 (P = 0.03) in the patients with DMD. CONCLUSION: There is increased sensitivity to vecuronium from neuromuscular blockade in patients with DMD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Developing epiphysis: MR imaging characteristics and histologic correlation in the newborn lamb.

PURPOSE: To correlate magnetic resonance (MR) signal characteristics of developing regions at the ends of bones with the histologic findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 36 newborn lamb epiphyses (including cartilage of the epiphysis and physis, and bone of the secondary ossification center and juxtaphyseal metaphysis), signal intensity and thickness of cartilaginous regions seen on MR images were correlated with architecture and thickness of zones shown in corresponding histologic sections. Possible effects of T2, magnetization transfer, fat or water content, chemical shift, and anisotropy on differences in regional signal intensity were evaluated. RESULTS: MR imaging depicted five regions between the secondary ossification center and the metaphysis corresponding histologically to (a) zone of provisional calcification of the secondary ossification center, (b) physis of the secondary ossification center, (c) epiphyseal cartilage, (d) physis, and (e) zone of provisional calcification. The thickness of regions shown on T1- and T2-weighted images correlated with that of histologic zones (r = .9). T2 signal intensity and relaxation time were greater in physeal than in epiphyseal cartilage (P < .01). No regional differences due to fat or water content, magnetization transfer, chemical shift, or anisotropy were found. CONCLUSION: MR imaging findings differentiate epiphyseal and physeal regions and correlate with histologic findings. T2 is slower in physeal than in epiphyseal cartilage, probably reflecting differences in water binding.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Phase II study of "dose-dense" high-dose chemotherapy treatment with peripheral-blood progenitor-cell support as primary treatment for patients with advanced ovarian cancer.

PURPOSE: We performed a pilot phase II study to evaluate the potential for delivery of rapidly sequenced high-dose chemotherapy treatments rescued with autologous peripheral-blood progenitor cells (PBP) in patients with previously untreated, advanced ovarian cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A single cycle of mobilization was used, primed with cyclophosphamide (CPA)/paclitaxel (Txl) and filgrastim (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor [G-CSF]), followed by three cycles of high-dose carboplatin (CBDCA)/Txl and one cycle of high-dose melphalan (MEL), each rescued by PBP. We then analyzed the outcome for a total of 56 consecutive patients treated with high-dose chemotherapy as part of this program. RESULTS: In the phase II pilot, 21 patients were enrolled. There were no treatment-related deaths through 98 high-dose treatments, although 34 treatments were complicated by hospitalization, primarily for neutropenic fever. Seventy-six percent of patients experienced grade 3 to 4 gastrointestinal toxicity and 62% experienced grade 2 to 3 neuropathy. Five of 15 (33%) patients who underwent second-look surgery attained a pathologic complete response. In the overall analysis, 56 patients were reviewed. Forty-four patients were assessable for response by second-look surgery or clinical progression. Fifteen of 44 patients achieved a pathologic complete response (34%). The pathologic complete response rate in optimal-disease patients was 12 of 22 (55%), while only three of 22 (13%) suboptimal stage III and IV patients achieved a pathologic complete response. CONCLUSION: The Gynecologic Oncology Group has initiated a pilot phase II trial of this approach in patients with optimally debulked stage III ovarian cancer. There is no evidence to support the use of this or other aggressive regimens outside of a clinical trial.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging of pediatric patients after reduction of dysplastic hips: assessment of femoral head position, factors impeding reduction, and femoral head ischemia.

OBJECTIVE: We describe gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging of position and vascular enhancement of the femoral head in pediatric patients who have undergone reduction of hip dislocation. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Within 24 hr of hip reduction and spica casting, we performed 25 gadolinium-enhanced MR studies in 18 infants and young children (15 girls, three boys) with 23 dysplastic hips. All but two patients underwent closed reductions. We evaluated intraoperative arthrograms for obstacles to reduction and subsequent radiographs for avascular necrosis. RESULTS: MR images showed that all femoral heads were in their respective acetabula, but several structures interfered with concentric reduction. Obstacles to reduction included a pulvinar (n = 16), infolding of the capsule (n = 9), interposition of the labrum (n = 2), and a hypertrophied ligamentum teres and transverse ligament (n = 2). All 50 femoral heads showed enhancement: 35 normally, 10 homogeneously but less than on the contralateral femoral head or the ipsilateral greater trochanter, and five with areas of focally decreased enhancement. Hips that showed decreased enhancement had undergone greater degrees of abduction (r = .38, p < .01). CONCLUSION: Gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging can reveal abnormalities of hip position and proximal femoral epiphyseal and physeal vascularity that can occur after hip reduction. Abnormalities of enhancement were more frequent in patients who had greater femoral abduction. The effect of decreased epiphyseal vascular enhancement is still uncertain.

Arthrography↗
PubMed1998

Growth cartilage: normal appearance, variants and abnormalities.

The cartilaginous structures in the growing ends of the bone have a complex anatomy. MR imaging allows exquisite depiction of these structures. The normal anatomy and biochemical features of the zones of cartilage are reviewed. Based on an analysis of signal characteristics, it is possible to optimize the use of pulse sequences to study the normal structures and abnormalities of growing bone.

Adolescent↗