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Biomedical subjects

F Scott

Publications and source records attributed to F Scott.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

The environmental connection.

Both the World Health Organization and the Canadian Health for All concept recognize that healthy environments are fundamental to human health. Usually, the responsibility for environmental protection is assigned to public health inspectors. But there is more to a healthy environment than protection. Creating a healthy environment means "altering or adapting our social, economic and physical surroundings in ways that not only preserve but also enhance our health." Clearly, health promotion is an integral part of the concept. As experts in community health promotion, public health nurses (PHNs) could--and should--complement the work of health inspectors.

Canada↗
PubMed1991

Maternal chest radiography as supporting evidence for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in childhood.

Routine chest radiography of the mothers of 163 children investigated for possible tuberculosis accompanied by sputum culture from those mothers with suspicious chest radiographs identified active pulmonary tuberculosis in 12 (10 per cent) of the mothers of the 117 children with probable (49 cases) and confirmed (68 cases) tuberculosis. All but one of the cases of active maternal tuberculosis were identified in the mothers of children less than 1 1/2 years of age. Chest radiography of the mothers of children less than 1 1/2 years of age will aid the diagnosis of tuberculosis in the child and expedite the reduction of the infectious pool of active pulmonary tuberculosis cases in adults in the community.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The operative repair of displaced patellar fractures.

Open reduction and internal fixation was used to treat 17 patients with displaced patellar fractures. The fractures were classified as transverse in five patients, transverse with comminuted distal pole in nine, and comminuted in three. The type of the fracture sustained was consistent with the mechanism of injury (eg, a fall, dashboard injury, motorcycle or pedestrian accident). Follow-up averaged 4 years (minimum, 1 year) including clinical and roentgenographic evaluation. Results in 11 patients were categorized as excellent, four as good, and two as unsatisfactory. The primary fixation method was modified tension band, which worked well in transverse fractures and in patients with minimal comminution. When the patella was comminuted, partial excision of the small fragments and internal fixation provided better results than fixation of all the fragments. The roentgenographic analysis did not always correlate with the clinical result. Two patients sustained a medial femoral condylar injury with their patellar fracture and had complicated treatment courses. These concurrent injuries may be predictive of a poor result.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Genital tuberculosis associated with female infertility in the western Cape.

Infertility is a common presenting symptom in women with genital tuberculosis. A study was undertaken to determine the prevalence and characteristics of this disease among the infertile patients (A and B income group) attending the Reproductive Biology Unit at Tygerberg Hospital. Between June 1986 and December 1987, the menstrual fluid from 451 infertile women was cultured for Mycobacterium tuberculosis using Löwenstein-Jensen medium. A prevalence of 7.98% (36/451) was found. Laparoscopic examination of the pelvis revealed bilateral tubal occlusion in 3 patients (8.3%); peritubular adhesions were present in 17 patients (47.2%). In the remaining 16 patients (44.5%), the pelvis was considered normal. No culture-positive patient gave a history of previous infection or contact with tuberculosis. Radiography of the chest and histological examination of the endometrium showed no evidence of infection. Of the 34 patients treated, 13 (38.2%) became pregnant after antituberculosis treatment was completed. If tuberculosis occurs in a population, menstrual fluid of infertile women should be cultured routinely for M. tuberculosis, especially if there is evidence of tubal damage.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Why animals have different muscle fibre types.

Animals have different muscle fibre types: slow fibres with a low maximum velocity of shortening (Vmax) and fast fibres with a high Vmax. An advantage conferred by the use of different fibre types during locomotion has been proposed solely on the basis of their in vitro properties. Isolated muscle experiments show that force generation, mechanical power production and efficiency are all functions of V/Vmax, where V is the velocity of muscle shortening. But it is not known whether animals actually use the different fibres at shortening velocities that are optimal for mechanical power production and efficiency. Here we compare the V of muscle fibres during locomotion with their Vmax. This comparison shows that during slow locomotion, the slow fibres shorten at a velocity that gives peak mechanical power and efficiency and the fast fibres shorten at their optimal velocity when powering maximal movements. Our results also show that maximal movements are impossible without fast fibres because the slow ones cannot shorten rapidly enough.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Dietary restriction, cell proliferation and carcinogenesis: a preliminary study.

Four groups of female Swiss Webster mice were given either laboratory chow or a purified (semi-synthetic) diet (AIN-76A) either ad libitum or at 75% of the ad libitum rate for about 30 days. Three tissues, the crypt cells of the jejunum, the dermis and the basal epithelial cells of the esophagus were investigated using [3H]thymidine labelling and by counting mitoses; four other tissues, the alveolar cells of the mammary gland, the crypt cells of the duodenum and colo-rectum, and the transitional cells of the urinary bladder were examined using [3H]thymidine labelling only. In each case dietary restriction led to a reduction of cellular proliferation assessed by these indices. The potential of the approach for the study of the effects of dietary modification on the induction of cancer is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

High pressure liquid chromatographic determination of mono- and disaccharides in presweetened cereals: Collaborative study.

A collaborative study was conducted using a modified AOAC method (sugars in chocolate) for the determination of fructose, glucose, sucrose, and maltose in presweetened cereals by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Eight samples consisting of 6 products were analyzed in duplicate by the HPLC method and the AOAC Lane-Eynon method. The AOAC method was modified to use water-alcohol (1 + 1) and Sep-Pak C18 cartridges for sample cleanup. The HPLC results indicate precision comparable to the lane-Eynon method and the chocolate method. The modified HPLC method has been adopted official first action.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1980

Caliciviridae.

The caliciviruses, as a proposed family Caliciviridae, have a distinct virion morphology with cup-shaped depressions on a spherical capsid surface. The viruses have single-stranded RNA, which has a molecular weight about 2.6 x 10(6) and is infectious. The RNA is covalently linked to a small protein. A single major polypeptide is found in the capsid. A subgenomic RNA, molecular weight about 1 x 10(6), coding for the capsid polypeptide is found in infected cells. Caliciviruses infecting swine, pinnipeds and cats have been characterized. Viruses which are morphologically identical to the known caliciviruses have been identified in human feces; these viruses have been shown to be associated with gastroenteritis, but they have not yet been propagated in the laboratory.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Canine viral enteritis. I. Status report on corona- and parvo-like viral enteritides.

This report attempts to provide the most recent information on salient features of two newly recognized viral enteritides of dogs. The viruses, a corona-like virus and canine parvo-like virus, are distinct but the disease manifestations in a particular outbreak often are similar. Laboratory study is therefore required. The parvoviral infection generally is more severe, with leukopenia (relative lymphopenia) a most prominent feature. Knowledge of the pathogenesis, epizootiology and the host's immune response is fragmentary at the present time, but research now in progress will doubtless expand knowledge of both diseases and of the viruses that cause them.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

The role of inflammatory cells in the pathogenesis of amyloidosis.

In the presence of amyloid enhancing factor, a variety of inflammatory stimuli, many of them nonantigenic, trigger amyloid deposition in 48 hours. There is a striking correlation between the extent of splenic amyloid deposition and the severity of inflammation at the injection site of the various irritants. Sublethal irradiation results in a parallel effect on the local inflammatory response and the accompanying extent of amyloid deposition produced in the spleen. Evidence that a product of local acute inflammatory responses is related to the deposition of amyloid is also presented. It is proposed that this product is a protease derived from the infiltrating polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

Acute Disease↗