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Biomedical subjects

F Schmidt

Publications and source records attributed to F Schmidt.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Cefmenoxime penetration in human lacrimal sac mucosa after systemic administration].

Access to microbiological, pharmacokinetic and toxicological information is necessary for useful, controlled application of antibiotics in intraocular and periocular infections. It is important to know whether the antibiotic is effective against ophthalmologically relevant bacteria and if suprathreshold concentrations of the antibiotic can be achieved in the contaminated tissue. In the study presented we investigated the usefulness of cefmenoxime in cases of dacryocystitis. Lacrimal sac tissue--and serum specimens were obtained from 15 patients who underwent dacryocystorhinostomy 0.5 to 13 h after intravenous injection of 25 mg cefmenoxime kg. The usual Toti procedure was performed in 7 patients, whereas the other 8 underwent endonasal surgery. Out of the 15 patients 12 suffered from recurrent dacryocystitis. Before application of the antibiotic a serum control sample was obtained in all patients. The highest cefmenoxime levels in the lacrimal sac (72 mg/kg) were measured 30 min after injection. Thirteen hours after the injection, the cefmenoxime levels were too low to be measured. The levels of cefmenoxime in the lacrimal sac tissue were compared with the minimal inhibitory concentrations for the frequent occurrence of bacteria in lacrimal sac infections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Diagnostic value of the routine thoracic image].

A considerable part of the amount of diagnostic medical radiation exposure to the population in the industrial nations is due to chest x-rays. We correlated diagnostic gain and medical indication for the screening procedure in 1000 patients referred. In fact, in only 270 patients a specific indication was given, and in only 136 cases were there pathologic findings. Our results suggest a more restrictive policy in indicating the procedure. We give proposals for optimization.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Electrophysiologic effects and efficacy of cibenzoline on stimulation-induced atrial fibrillation and flutter and implications for treatment of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.

The effects of intravenous cibenzoline (1.5 mg/kg) on atrial vulnerability and electrophysiology were assessed in 25 patients with documented paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF), in whom sustained (greater than 30 seconds) AF was induced by atrial stimulation with up to 2 extrastimuli and paced rates between 100 and 180 beats/min. In 7 patients AF persisted despite the application of cibenzoline, and in 8 patients the induction of sustained AF was prevented by cibenzoline. Intraatrial conduction time, flutter cycle length and shortest ventricular cycle length during AF were increased by cibenzoline (p less than or equal to 0.01). Sinus cycle length was decreased (p less than or equal to 0.05), whereas sinus node recovery time remained unchanged. The effective refractory period of the right atrium was not significantly affected. Eight patients with frequent episodes of paroxysmal AF received oral cibenzoline for control of paroxysmal AF irrespective of the efficacy of intravenous cibenzoline. Prevention of stimulation-induced AF predicted successful treatment of paroxysmal AF (p = 0.018). Cibenzoline could be effective in the treatment of atrial arrhythmias, and selection of an antiarrhythmic therapy for recurrent AF seems to be useful.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

Oxidation of the indole nucleus of 5-hydroxytryptamine and formation of dimers in the presence of peroxidase and H2O2.

5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is rapidly oxidized in the presence of peroxidase and H2O2. The major reaction product was isolated by gel chromatography and analyzed by mass spectroscopy. It is a 5-HT dimer formed under abstraction of two protons, most likely by the reaction at the C(4) position of two phenoxyradicals of 5-HT. In the presence of 5-HT an increased H2O2-consumption and a dose dependent reduction of the formation of reactive oxygen metabolites during H2O2 degradation was observed. The pattern of 5-HT reaction products separated by TLC was dependent on the H2O2 concentrations used. In the presence of albumen, plasma or tissue homogenates, massive binding of the 5-HT oxidation products to proteins was observed.

Albumins↗
PubMed1990

[Research schools in pharmacy. 5: Alexander Tschirch (1856-1939) and his students].

Alexander Tschirch was one of the most important teachers of pharmacy. In 1890 he was appointed Professor of Pharmacy and Pharmacognosy at Bern and he was a good director of his institute. The scientific programme is represented by 21 books, 388 papers and 158 dissertations. The main topics were investigations of plants (phytochemical) and researchs for pharmacopoeias. Tschirch had 2300 Students, 158 made their doctor-graduate and 11 are becoming professor. The research conditions in the pharmaceutical institute Bern were good and the research school of Tschirch has an important public and social recognition, also Tschirchs work provided the bases of the modern phytochemical research of plants.

History of Pharmacy↗
PubMed1989

[Diagnostic imaging of pancreatic cancer].

Despite the multitude of the imaging procedures which are nowadays at our disposal the diagnostics of the carcinoma of the pancreas and particularly of the early carcinoma is now as ever difficult. On the basis of a multicentric team study about the diagnostic course in 62 patients with diagnosed carcinoma of the pancreas we conclude to an effective diagnostic proceeding. Hereby a broad use of the ultrasound diagnostics is to be demanded and the bioptic clarification of focal findings is early to be carried out. With the help of the serial CT the differentiation between chronic pancreatitis and carcinoma of the pancreas finds particular consideration, it was successful with a reliability of 84%.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1989

Further evidence for a two-step model of glucose-transport regulation. Inositol phosphate-oligosaccharides regulate glucose-carrier activity.

The insulin effect on glucose uptake is not sufficiently explained by a simple glucose-carrier translocation model. Recent studies rather suggest a two-step model of carrier translocation and carrier activation. We used several pharmacological tools to characterize the proposed model further. We found that inositol phosphate (IP)-oligosaccharides isolated from the drug Actovegin, as well as the alkaloid vinblastine, show a partial insulin-like effect on glucose-transport activity of fat-cells (3-O-methylglucose uptake, expressed as % of equilibrium value per 4 s: basal 5.8%, insulin 59%, IP-oligosaccharides 30%, vinblastine 29%) without inducing carrier translocation. On the other hand, two newly developed anti-diabetic compounds (alpha-activated carbonic acids, BM 130795 and BM 13907) induced carrier translocation to the same extent as insulin and phorbol esters [cytochalasin-B-binding sites in plasma membranes: basal 5 pmol/mg of protein, insulin 13 pmol/mg of protein, TPA (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate) 11.8 pmol/mg of protein, BM 130795 10.8 pmol/mg of protein], but produce also only 40-50% of the insulin effect on glucose-transport activity (basal 5.8%, insulin 59%, TPA 23%, BM 130795 35%). Almost the full insulin effect was mimicked by a combination of phorbol esters and IP-oligosaccharides (basal 7%, insulin 50%, IP-oligosaccharides 30%, TPA 23%, IP-oligosaccharides + TPA 45%). None of these substances stimulated insulin-receptor kinase in vitro or in vivo, suggesting a post-kinase site of action. The data confirm the following aspects of the proposed model: (1) carrier translocation and carrier activation are two independently regulated processes; (2) the full insulin effect is mimicked only by a simultaneous stimulation of carrier translocation and intrinsic carrier activity, suggesting that insulin acts through a synergism of both mechanisms; (3) IP-oligosaccharides might be involved in the transmission of a stimulatory signal on carrier activity.

3-O-Methylglucose↗
PubMed1989

Effect of nicardipine on renal sodium handling in normotensive insulin-dependent diabetics and controls.

In 12 newly diagnosed normotensive insulin-dependent diabetics and eight controls, we compared the effects of acute nicardipine administration on renal haemodynamics and segmental tubular movement of sodium assessed as by lithium clearances. Both in the controls and the insulin-dependent diabetics, nicardipine induced similar haemodynamic changes, including a mild decrease in mean arterial pressure and renal vascular resistance, whereas the glomerular filtration, renal plasma flow and filtration fraction were unchanged. Despite a fall in blood pressure, nicardipine exerted a marked natriuretic effect in both groups, which appears to have been primarily due to a decrease in distal reabsorption and, to a lesser extent, in proximal reabsorption.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Antagonists of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone bind to rat mast cells and induce histamine release.

It was reported previously that administration of certain synthetic antagonists of LHRH to rats produced allergy-like symptoms that were attributed to their histamine releasing action. In the present study the interaction of LHRH analogs with rat peritoneal mast cells was investigated in vitro. Potent antagonists of LHRH showed strong in vitro histamine releasing activity from rat peritoneal mast cells. Membrane preparations of rat pituitary glands showed specific binding of radioiodinated LHRH antagonist as well as LHRH agonist. However, rat peritoneal mast cells and membrane preparations from those cells bound antagonist but not the agonist. Furthermore, the LHRH antagonist did not bind to membranes prepared from tissues such as prostate, liver, kidney, and brain. Competitive displacement curves of the [125I]-antagonist with different LHRH analogs showed that the ability of the analogs to compete for binding sites on mast cells was related to their histamine releasing activity. We conclude that histamine release from rat mast cells induced by LHRH analogs is mediated by specific binding of the active peptides to cell membranes. Furthermore, using rat mast cells, the binding assay in conjunction with histamine releasing assay may be utilized to predict the in vivo histamine releasing potential of new LHRH peptides which are of clinical importance.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Dangers due to smoking and passive smoking].

Smoking has become the most important single cause of illness and death. Since the rate of cure for the most frequent types of organ cancers is still very poor with little chance of improvement in the foreseeable future, it has become necessary to put more emphasis on cancer prevention. The same holds true for the dangers of passive smoking, which have now been confirmed by all the representative scientific bodies at home and abroad. Legal protection of nonsmokers in the workplace is long overdue. The irresponsible inactivity on the part of our government with regard to smoking and passive smoking has been sharply denounced, since it has become obvious that neither health education and information nor appeals to the public can bring about a change in the situation, but only the implementation of a whole catalog of measures, including adequate legislation.

Humans↗
PubMed1988

[Amniotic fluid embolism].

A case of amniotic fluid embolism during the second stage of labor is reported. Mother and newborn survived. Etiology, symptoms and therapy are discussed.

Adult↗