Pyrogen-producing molds and other microbes existing in glucose-powder.
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Bacteria↗
Biomedical subjects
F Sakai
Publications and source records attributed to F Sakai.
Effects of electrical stimulation of n. vagus on the respiratory unit discharge in the brain stem of cats.
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Animals↗
Androgen receptors in human pharyngo-laryngeal mucosa and pharyngo-laryngeal epithelioma.
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Binding, Competitive↗
Practical mini-PACS based on a hybrid video and digital network.
The Department of Radiology of the Shinshu University Hospital is presently in the process of developing a new type of mini-PACS with a hybrid architecture consisting of a video and a digital image archiving network. The video block consists of a server station with a video write-once optical disk (LD) and three workstations which are connected to two ultrasound imaging devices and an MRI device. The video images from any of these imaging devices are transferred immediately onto an LD. The examiner can observe the archived images immediately without any interruption of the examination. The image transmission time, including the record and play-back, is within 3 s. The digital block consists of a personal computer server and various workstations linked to the ETHERNET. This digital system supports database management, and archives digital images. This prototype system was used for daily clinical examinations from February 1989 to January 1990 and 31,366 images from 1561 patients were stored on the video disk. This one year experience suggests that a hybrid mini-PACS system is practical for total image archiving when the image matrix is less than 512 x 512 and selected digital image archiving.
Computer Communication Networks↗
Pulmonary function abnormalities in patients with CT-determined emphysema.
The CT quantification of both the extent and severity of emphysema was undertaken in 30 subjects. The CT scans at five preselected anatomic levels were analyzed using two methods. Correlation of the results of the CT methods were with pulmonary function results of airway obstruction and alveolar diffusion for carbon monoxide. Analysis by direct observation of the CT scans gave insignificantly different results for a complex grid method of analysis. The emphysema score with the observational method had a positive correlation with airflow obstruction (r = -0.817) as did the score with the grid method (r = -0.873). The diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide also correlated with both emphysema scores. The CT methods for quantifying emphysema correlate closely with functional abnormalities. As previously demonstrated with pathological assessment of lung slices for emphysema, direct observation of CT scans is as precise as a more complex grid method.
Aged↗
MR imaging of the larynx at 1.5 T.
The normal magnetic resonance (MR) anatomy of the larynx at high field strength (1.5 T) was studied in 2 normal excised larynges and 62 subjects without laryngopharyngeal disease. The two normal excised larynges were imaged using a 1.5 T MR scanner with a 3 in diameter circular surface coil and a GE 9800 CT scanner. The larynges were sectioned transversely and the MR and CT images compared to gross and histologic sections. Unossified hyaline cartilage was intermediate in signal intensity on T1-weighted and proton density images and low in intensity on T2-weighted images. The signal intensity from ossified cartilage was determined by the amount of fatty marrow and was high in intensity on T1-weighted and proton density images and low to intermediate in intensity on T2-weighted images. A chemical shift artifact from high intensity fatty marrow obscured the calcified or ossified cortex of the major laryngeal cartilages along the frequency encoding axis. The epiglottic cartilage demonstrated an intermediate signal intensity on T1-weighted images and higher intensity on proton density and T2-weighted images. The intralaryngeal muscles were well demonstrated as low intensity structures. The conus elasticus and the vocal ligaments were not recognized as distinct structures. However, the quadrangular membrane and a previously undescribed membrane separating the preepiglottic and paralaryngeal spaces were shown on MR as low intensity linear structures. In the 62 subjects, MR at 1.5 T proved excellent for demonstrating the anatomical details of the major laryngeal cartilages, extra- and intralaryngeal muscles, ligaments, and soft tissues including the vocal cords, false vocal cords, laryngeal ventricles, aryepiglottic folds, preepiglottic space, and paralaryngeal spaces. Visibility and intensity of muscles, ligaments, and soft tissues did not depend on age or sex. The intensity pattern of the thyroid and cricoid cartilages demonstrated wide variations in the same sex and age groups, depending on the degree of ossification. However, they did show more high intensity foci in older men than in younger women. Magnetic resonance showed better contrast resolution and finer detail than CT scans in the same subjects. Magnetic resonance imaging at 1.5 T, with either a saddle-shaped neck surface coil or a 3 in diameter circular surface coil, provides high contrast and high spatial resolution images and could be useful for the diagnosis of lesions of the larynx.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Female↗
MR of enchondroma and chondrosarcoma: rings and arcs of Gd-DTPA enhancement.
MR studies of five chondrosarcomas and three enchondromas were performed with intravenous Gd-DTPA administration. All tumors showed enhancement of scalloped margins and curvilinear septa (ring-and-arc pattern) on T1-weighted SE sequences with Gd-DTPA. On radiologic-pathologic correlation, the enhanced areas corresponded to fibrovascular bundles surrounding hyaline cartilage lobules. The rings and arcs of enhancement with Gd-DTPA on MR is a reflection of the lobulated growth pattern of cartilaginous tumors and therefore helpful in differential diagnosis of bone tumors.
Adolescent↗
Giant cell tumors of bone containing large amounts of hemosiderin: MR-pathologic correlation.
We present three giant cell tumors of bone that contained large amounts of hemosiderin and compare their MR appearance with intraoperative findings and histological characterization. Histologically, hemosiderin was found in multinucleated giant cells, mononuclear stromal cells, and xanthoma cells. All cases showed markedly decreased signal areas on both T1- and T2-weighted MR imaging due to hemosiderin deposition; this made evaluation of the integrity of the adjacent cortices difficult. In one case, extraosseous tumor extension appeared as a signal void area on MR imaging. Findings on immunohistochemical studies suggested the giant cells may have a histiocytic nature. Because the tumor cells themselves have a phagocytic nature, the decreased signal areas in and around giant cell tumors should be regarded as active tumor tissues in delineating the tumor on MR imaging.
Adult↗
Serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity in acute stroke.
Serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activity was measured in 34 patients with acute cerebrovascular disease. The serum level of DBH activity showed its highest value soon after the onset of stroke and then gradually decreased over the next few days. After reaching its lowest level, the DBH activity again showed a slight increase. There was no direct relationship between serum DBH activity and total serum protein, or blood pressure. In 8 of 12 patients, DBH activity in the cerebral venous blood was higher than that in the arterial blood. These results suggest that rapid release of DBH into the circulating blood occurred after stroke, presumably from sympathetic nerve endings in the vessels or organs, including the brain.
Acute Disease↗
133Xe inhalation method for measuring cerebral blood flow in conscious baboons.
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Administration, Intranasal↗
Critical appraisal of cerebral blood flow measured from brain stem and cerebellar regions after 133 Xe inhalation in humans.
Validity of regional blood flow (rCBF) measurements recorded over the human posterior fossa after 133Xe inhalation was tested. Recording of counts from both brain stem and cerebellum (BSC) was reproducible and contamination by counts derived from surrounding anatomical structures was low and no greater than that found over hemispheres. BSC values were F1 = 99 +/- 19 ml/100g brain/min, F2 = 17 +/- 4 in reasonable agreement with data reported from experimental animals. BSC flow values showed significant correlation with the state of awareness as judged by clinical and EEG evaluation with lowest F1 values in semicoma and step increases in stupor, non-REM sleep, drowsiness, rest, activation, REM sleep and highest values during focal and generalized epileptic seizures.
Adolescent↗
Ataxic hemiparesis with reductions of ipsilateral cerebellar blood flow.
Regional cerebellar blood flow was measured in a patient with left-sided ataxic hemiparesis, using single-photon emission computed tomography and N-isopropyl-p-[123I]Iodoamphetamine. X-ray computed tomography revealed a small infarct in the paramedian portion of the right upper basis pontis. Blood flow was markedly reduced in the contralateral cerebellar hemisphere corresponding to the side of ataxia. The present study emphasizes the value of the three-dimensional functional imaging of the cerebellum to investigate the responsible lesion for ataxia and to study function of the cerebro-cerebellar circuits.
Aged↗
Improved method for noninvasive measurement of regional cerebral blood flow by 133Xenon inhalation. Part I: description of method and normal values obtained in healthy volunteers.
A clinical method for noninvasive measurement of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and blood volume (rCBV) is described, based on Obrist's 10 minute, desaturation method after 1 minute inhalation of 133Xe. Sixteen collimated probes are placed over both hemispheres and brain stem-cerebellar regions. End-tidal 133Xe curves are used for correction of recirculation. KEV discriminators are set to record gamma and x-ray activity separately. Values are printed out automatically by a computer on a brain map. Extracerebral contamination is reduced by 1) computing curves from gamma activity, 2) applying pressure on the scalp beneath the probes, 3) 1 minute inhalation of 133Xe and recording desaturation curves for 10 minutes, thereby minimizing slow clearance from extracranial tissues. Normal values for both fast and slow compartments are reproducible and are in good agreement with the carotid injection method. The speech dominant hemishpere has higher flow than the right under conditions described. Posterior portions of the cranium over the cerebellum and brain stem appear to have higher flow gray values than the cerebral cortex. Gray matter flow decreases with advancing age.
Adult↗
A method for the purification of large quantities of biologically active ribonucleic acid components from cowpea chlorotic mottle virus, a multicomponent plant virus.
Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus RNA has been prepared in comparatively high yield (at least 50%) by a modified phenol extraction method. The preparation, which has high biological activity, has been resolved into four components by zonal centrifugation on a 15-40% (w/v) sucrose density gradient. The components obtained have been tested for biological activity against whole plants and plant protoplasts. Each of the two largest components RNA 1 and RNA 2 was by itself infective (50-90% of the specific infectivity of the whole genome) and produced virus-specific proteins (coat protein and P2) and RNAs ("RNA 3" and "RNA 4"). Contamination by small proportions (less than 10%) of neighbouring RNAs is presumed to be involved in this infectivity. The two smallest components were obtained in an almost pure form.
Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel↗
Activation of lipoprotein lipase and inhibition of B16 melanoma-induced cachexia in mice by ponalrestat, an aldose reductase inhibitor.
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is a key regulatory enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins. The reduction in LPL activity is observed in tumor bearing animals and cancer patients with cachectic symptoms, suggesting an involvement of LPL in inducing cancer cachexia. During a screening program for anti-cachectic agents we found that ponalrestat, an aldose reductase inhibitor, activates LPL activity. Ponalrestat increased the activity of LPL in adipose tissue in mice. The effect of ponalrestat on B16 melanoma-induced cachectic symptoms was next investigated in mice. The decrease in the weight of epididymal fat, carcass and whole body lipid was observed in mice following intraperitoneal inoculation of B16, compared to mice without the tumor inoculation. Treatment with ponalrestat resulted in the attenuation of the decrease in the tissue weight. The increase in the levels of TG and non-esterified fatty acid, and a decrease in the level of glucose in the blood, which was induced by the presence of tumor, were also restored to those of normal mice following ponalrestat treatment. The reduction in locomotor activity in tumor bearing mice was partially restored by the treatment with ponalrestat. Overall, this study demonstrated that ponalrestat, an aldose reductase inhibitor, possesses potent LPL activating activity and that the cachexia induced by B16 melanoma was alleviated by treatment with 'ponalrestat, suggesting that ponalrestat, a LPL activating agent, has a therapeutic potential for the treatment of cancer cachexia.
3T3 Cells↗
Effect of lipoprotein lipase activators bezafibrate and NO-1886, on B16 melanoma-induced cachexia in mice.
Our recent study has demonstrated that B16 melanoma-induced cachexia in mice is inhibited by ponalrestat, an aldose reductase inhibitor, which has the ability to activate lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity both in vitro and in vivo. In this study, the effect of bezafibrate and NO-1886, LPL activators, on B16 melanoma-induced cachectic symptoms was investigated in mice. Treatment with bezafibrate resulted in an attenuation of the decrease in the weight of epididymal fat and whole body lipid observed in mice following intraperitoneal inoculation of B16. The increase in the levels of triglyceride and non-esterified fatty acid, and a decrease in the level of glucose in the blood, which was induced by the presence of tumor, were also restored to that of normal mice after treatment with bezafibrate. The reduction in the weight of epididymal fat and whole body lipid induced by B16 was also ameliorated by NO-1886. Overall, this study demonstrated that cachexia induced by B16 melanoma in mice was alleviated by the LPL activators bezafibrate and NO-1886, suggesting the involvement of the impaired LPL activity in the establishment of cachexia syndrome in mice bearing B16 melanoma.
Adipose Tissue↗
Ponalrestat, an aldose reductase inhibitor, inhibits cachexia syndrome induced by colon26 adenocarcinoma in mice.
Our recent study has demonstrated that ponalrestat, an aldose reductase inhibitor, activates lipoprotein lipase activity and alleviates B16 melanoma-induced cachexia in mice. In this study, the effect of ponalrestat on murine adenocarcinoma colon26-induced cachexia was investigated in mice. Mice bearing colon26 subcutaneously lost weight and became cachectic, associated with the tumor growth. Although tumor growth was slightly stimulated when tumor bearing mice were treated with ponalrestat: nevertheless, the drug attenuated the reduction in the weight of body mass, epididymal fat, gastrocnemius muscle and carcass induced by colon26, as well as significantly prolonged the survival of the colon26 bearing mice. Ponalrestat inhibited the production of interleukin-1 (IL-1) from human monocytes stimulated by Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro, and also suppressed LPS-induced increase of IL-1 in the blood in mice. Overall, this study showed that ponalrestat suppresses IL-1 production both in vitro and in vivo, and inhibits the cachectic symptoms induced by colon26 adenocarcinoma in mice, suggesting that ponalrestat has a therapeutic potential for the treatment of cancer cachexia.
Adenocarcinoma↗
CT features of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial infection: effects of underlying pulmonary disease.
The CT findings of 50 cases of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial infection (NMI) were evaluated by dividing patients into two clinical groups: group 1, with no history of pulmonary disease (n=34), and group 2, with underlying pulmonary disease (n=16), and observing serial CT images. Bronchiectasis, irregular opacity, and small nodule were common findings and were concomitantly seen in 80% of cases in both groups. In group 1, small nodule, peripheral bronchiectasis, and irregular opacity with bronchiectasis in the middle lobes were common findings. On the other hand, irregular opacity with cavity in the upper lobes was a common CT finding in group 2. Irregular opacity was a more frequent finding of NMI than previously reported and might be seen as the sole manifestation of NMI, especially in group 2 patients. Serial CT studies showed frequent changes in small nodule and irregular opacity. Irregular opacity with cavity tended to progress, whereas irregular opacity without bronchiectasis or cavity may or may not improve.
Adult↗