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Biomedical subjects

F S Tennant

Publications and source records attributed to F S Tennant.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1987

Naltrexone treatment for postconcussional syndrome.

Two patients with postconcussional syndrome whose most severe symptoms were blackouts, headaches, and amnesia episodes appeared to respond to naltrexone. Because life-saving emergency trauma services are widely available, it is likely that the incidence of postconcussional syndrome will increase.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed1987

Double-blind comparison of amantadine and bromocriptine for ambulatory withdrawal from cocaine dependence.

Amantadine hydrochloride and bromocriptine mesylate were compared on a double-blind basis for withdrawal from cocaine dependence. Both amantadine and bromocriptine appear effective in alleviating the symptoms of cocaine withdrawal. In doses higher than previously reported, however, bromocriptine caused enough side effects to produce treatment dropouts; neither drug produced euphoria. Amantadine appears to primarily exert its therapeutic influence by releasing dopamine and norepinephrine from neuronal storage sites that are depleted by chronic cocaine dependence, and bromocriptine acts as a dopamine agonist and stimulates dopamine receptors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Cocaine plasma concentrations in persons admitted to outpatient treatment: relationship to treatment outcome.

Nine (9) of 23 (39.1%) consecutive persons who sought outpatient treatment for chronic cocaine dependence had detectable plasma cocaine concentrations on admission which ranged from 10.0 to 639 ng/ml (mean 146.9 +/- 202.2). Subjects with cocaine in their plasma demonstrated at least partial tolerance to acute cocaine effects in that there was no consistent presence of hypertension, tachycardia, accelerated speaking rate, hyperreflexia, or dilated pupil. Subjects who were admitted with cocaine in their plasma retained in treatment only 4.6 +/- 4.0, compared to 13.0 +/- 13.4 days among those admitted with cocaine in their plasma (P less than .05). In addition, 11 of 14 (78.6%) subjects without cocaine in plasma compared to 2 of 9 (22.2%) with cocaine in plasma produced a urine void of cocaine metabolite during treatment. (P less than .01)

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Clinical experiences with 959 opioid-dependent patients treated with levo-alpha-acetylmethadol (LAAM).

Levo-alpha-acetylmethadol (LAAM) is an orphan drug that will soon be generally available to treatment facilities. We have recently treated 959 opioid addicts with LAAM for periods up to 36 consecutive months. Three times per week dosing of LAAM proved to be a safe and effective treatment agent for the majority of subjects. During LAAM induction there is a delay in opioid activity as LAAM forms its long-acting metabolites, therefore, symptomatic withdrawal medication must usually be administered during the first 96 hours of treatment to adequately suppress opioid withdrawal symptoms and prevent self-administration of drugs by the patient. No long-term hepatic toxicity or tumor formation could be demonstrated by liver function studies and liver-spleen imaging in a subgroup of patients. Some opioid addicts report that they prefer LAAM over methadone, but the reverse was reported by about 40% of our patients which suggests that both drugs are needed for adequate maintenance treatment of the opioid-addicted population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Subjective perceptions to the intravenous "rush" of heroin and cocaine in opioid addicts.

Subjective responses to intravenous heroin and cocaine administration were investigated by questionnaire in a population of 40 male and 29 female confirmed heroin addicts. Responses of males and females were very similar for the heroin rush, ranking pleasure, relaxation, satisfaction, warmth, and thirst highest among 20 feelings surveyed and ranking feelings like sexual orgasm low, only fifteenth out of 20. Responses of males and females for the cocaine rush were similar in that both ranked excitement, pleasure, thirst, strength, and anxiety very high, in the top six responses, and both rated feelings like sexual orgasm relatively low, rank 9 for males and 15 for females. However, male and female responses for cocaine differed in that males ranked power very high, rank 2; and females ranked power relatively low, rank 10; but ranked satisfaction, rank 5; warmth, rank 5; and relaxation, rank 12; much higher than males who ranked them 15, 16, and 17, respectively. Despite the fact that sexual feelings were infrequently identified with rushes, the results best supported an interpretation that the population was largely inorgasmic without drugs, but found attractive orgasmic pleasure in heroin and cocaine. Males and females perceived the cocaine rush differently, but the reason of these differences is uncertain.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Double-blind comparison of desipramine and placebo for treatment of phencyclidine or amphetamine dependence.

Open clinical trials have suggested that desipramine may be an effective agent for treatment of phencyclidine (PCP) or amphetamine dependence. Four pairs (eight subjects) with PCP and two pairs (four subjects) with amphetamine dependence were studied. One subject in each pair was given desipramine or placebo under double-blind conditions. Although desipramine clearly was no more effective than placebo in treatment of PCP dependence, subjects with amphetamine dependence who received desipramine remained in treatment longer and submitted more urine samples absent of amphetamine than did subjects who received placebo.

Amphetamines↗
PubMed1984

Clonidine hydrochloride detoxification from methadone treatment--the value of naltrexone aftercare.

Treatment outcomes were compared for 2 groups of subjects detoxified from methadone using clonidine. One group of 12 subjects was encouraged to continue in treatment with naltrexone, while the other 12 subjects did not have naltrexone treatment available. Results suggested that those subjects who had naltrexone available were more successful at completing the 10 day detoxification treatment and that the relapse rate at 30 days post-treatment was significantly reduced by naltrexone treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Clinical evaluation of mecamylamine for withdrawal from nicotine dependence.

Mecamylamine (MCL) has been shown to extinguish nicotine dependence in rats and monkeys. MCL was administered to fourteen nicotine-dependent persons to determine if it may be effective in withdrawing nicotine-dependent humans at doses which have acceptable toxicity. Subjects smoked 20 to 60 cigarettes per day for a mean of 2.4 years, and none had been nicotine abstinent for as much as one day for at least one year. MCL was started in a dose of 5 to 10 mg per day and progressively raised until the subject experienced nicotine blockage and/or toxic effects. During MCL administration, 7 of 14 (50%) totally ceased smoking within the first 11 days of treatment, and an additional 4 (28.6%) subjects reduced cigarette consumption to less than five per day by the end of three weeks. Thirteen of 14 (92.9%) subjects stated that MCL blocks nicotine, reduces nicotine craving, and "works." At least some minor side-effects of MCL were observed in every subject. The most intolerable side-effects were constipation, urinary retention, abdominal cramps, and weakness, and these were responsible for drop-out of 5 (35.7%) subjects. Although there is a high prevalence of side-effects, MCL is probably a viable withdrawal treatment for some cases of recalcitrant nicotine dependence.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Methadone plasma levels and persistent drug abuse in high dose maintenance patients.

Methadone maintenance patients who maintained on a high daily dose were divided into good performers and poor performers based on whether they demonstrated persistent use of heroin, non-prescription diazepam, and/or excessive alcohol consumption. Mean methadone plasma levels 24 hours after an oral dose of 80 mg were found to be 410.4 ng/ml in good performers compared to 101.8 ng/ml in poor performers (P less than .05). Seven of nine (77.8%) poor compared to two of 15 (13.3%) good performers had 24-hour methadone plasma levels under 50 ng/ml (P less than .01). High dose methadone patients who show evidence of persistent drug or alcohol abuse should have their 24-hour methadone plasma level determined to help assess whether the patient should receive more methadone or find an alternative treatment.

Alcohol Drinking↗