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F S Liu

Publications and source records attributed to F S Liu.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

The histogenesis of the microinvasive basal cell carcinoma of the esophagus.

The spectrum of histological events ranging from basal cell dysplasia to microinvasive basal cell carcinoma was traced in four of 123 resected esophagi from Chinese subjects. Atypical basal cells could be seen in some areas impinging and pushing, and in other areas invading the underlying stroma. The periphery cell layers in some invading clusters retained the characteristics of the basal cells with palisaded arrangement. In non-invading areas, the intermediate and superficial cells had normal cell maturation with normal nuclei, a feature which distinguishes basal cell intraepithelial dysplasia from squamous cell intraepithelial dysplasia of the esophagus. Similar histological events have been demonstrated in experimental animals fed with an esophagotropic carcinogen.

Basal Cell Carcinoma↗
PubMed1990

Adenosquamous cell carcinoma of the cervix--a clinical analysis of 23 cases.

From January 1976 through December 1985, 895 patients with cervical carcinoma were treated with radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy. The surgical specimens of 23 cases were proved to be adenosquamous cell carcinoma, the incidence being 2.6%. Among them, 15 were at stage IB, 7 were at stage IIA and one was at stage IIB. The overall 5-year survival rate was 55.0% and there was no difference between patients at stage IB and IIA. During the same period the 5-year survival rate of squamous cell carcinoma was 87.5% for patients at stage IB and 75.0% for patients at stage IIA. Pelvic lymph node metastasis and parametrial involvement are considered to be poor prognostic factors. When metastasis or invasion happens, the metastatic or invasive lesions can be found in the form of pure squamous carcinoma or adenocarcinoma. Postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy (external irradiation plus brachytherapy) seems to be effective in preventing recurrence. Chemotherapy (PVB regimen) needs more clinical evaluation. In this study, when metastasis or recurrence developed, the response to radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy were poor and 75% of patients died within one year.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

[Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study on medullary carcinoma of the thyroid].

Thirty seven cases of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid were studied by immunohistochemical technique and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). No amyloid deposit was observed in the tumor tissue in 6 cases. The monoclonal antibodies used were those directed to calcitonin, S-100, NSE and thyroid globulin. Their positive rates in the cancer cells were 100.0%, 45.9%, 64.9% and 16.2%, respectively. In the amyloid area, it was 89.3%, 25.0%, 35.7% and 14.2%. Many neurosecretory granules were found in the cytoplasm in 4/4 as observed by TEM. This study shows that the presence of calcitonin is of great value in establishing the diagnosis of medullary carcinoma. The results suggest that this tumor may arise from the parafollicular cells of the thyroid.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1989

Spontaneous squamous carcinoma of the esophagus in chickens.

Histologic preparations from 149 gullets from chickens from the Linxian county (Henan province, northern China) having intraepithelial neoplasms or invasive carcinomas were reviewed. Invasive squamous cell carcinomas were found in 134 animals and invasive adenocarcinomas in seven. The remaining eight specimens had only intraepithelial neoplastic lesions: four with low-grade dysplasia and four with high-grade dysplasia (one with carcinoma in situ). The degree of differentiation in invading tumors was as follows: of the 134 invasive squamous carcinomas, two were highly differentiated, 125 moderately differentiated, and 22 poorly differentiated. All seven adenocarcinomas were moderately differentiated. In 97 of the 149 invasive carcinomas, intraepithelial neoplastic lesions were observed near the tumors: in 96 adjacent to invasive squamous carcinoma, and in one in the glandular epithelium adjacent to invasive adenocarcinoma. In the remaining 44, only invasive carcinoma was present. Epithelial buds bulging into the stroma were present in intraepithelial neoplastic lesions: in 71.8% in low-grade dysplasias adjacent to invasive carcinoma and in 94.4% in high-grade dysplasias adjacent to invasive carcinoma. Moreover, two of the four animals with low-grade dysplasia exclusively, and the four with high-grade dysplasia (one with carcinoma in situ) also had epithelial buds. In two specimens, invasive carcinoma was found to originate at the tip of the irregular buds with dysplasia. Similar histologic events have been found in chemically induced squamous esophageal carcinomas in rodents and in early squamous carcinoma in humans. It is therefore suggested that there is a close association between the degree of squamous cellular atypia, the formation of epithelial buds, and the progression toward invasive carcinoma in the esophagus.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Histological classification of intraepithelial neoplasias and microinvasive squamous carcinoma of the esophagus.

We reviewed a total of 119 resected esophagi with intraepithelial neoplasias of low grade (including slight or moderate dysplasias), high grade (including severe dysplasia and carcinoma in situ), or microinvasive squamous carcinoma (i.e., not invasive beyond the submucosa and without metastases in regional lymph nodes). Epithelial buds bulging into the stroma were noted in noninvasive intraepithelial lesions. The most severe degree of histological alteration was used to characterize each case. Of the 119 cases, five were low-grade, 38 were high-grade, and the remaining 76 specimens contained microinvasive squamous carcinoma. Of these, 23 invaded only the lamina propria. Nine invaded the muscularis mucosae, 16 invaded the inner half of the submucosa, and the remaining 28 invaded the outer half of the submucosa. Epithelial buds were divided according to their configuration into types I, II, and III. Grade I was characterized by regular epithelial buds of the same size, grade II had regular buds that varied in size, and grade III had irregular buds (i.e., buds of varying length and width with irregular contours). Our study of 66 specimens with microinvasive squamous carcinoma showed that one of the two specimens that had low grade dysplasia also had type III buds, while 56 of the remaining 64 (87.7%) with high grade dysplasia also had type III buds. Microinvasion originated at the tip of the type III epithelial buds in 12 specimens. Similar results have been demonstrated in experimental animals. We conclude that in the esophageal mucosa, there is a close relationship among the degree of squamous cellular atypia, the formation of epithelial buds, and the progression toward invasive carcinoma.

Carcinoma in Situ↗
PubMed1988

[Ultrastructural analysis in differential diagnosis of tumors].

Ultrastructures of 25 tumors were analyzed by electron microscopy (EM). Of the 25 cases, there were 9 amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation tumors (APUD) (2 carotid body tumor, 2 medullary carcinoma of thyroid and 5 carcinoid) in which the dense core granules of different sizes were seen in the cytoplasm. 4 cases of malignant melanoma were identified by EM basing on the premelanosome and melanosome in the cells. In 4 carcinomas from different locations, 2 had mucous secretory granules in the cytoplasm and junction complex between the tumor cells. The diagnosis was finally confirmed as adenocarcinoma. The other 2 cases were identified as epidermoid carcinoma or anaplastic carcinoma as desmosome and tonofilaments were found. 4 cases of malignant lymphoma without any cell junction complex were identified. Moreover, there were several cases of mesenchymal cell tumors, such as leiomyoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, chordoma and Schwannoma confirmed by their special organelles. This study shows that the ultrastructural analysis is valuable in the differential diagnosis and classification of tumors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

DNA profiles in dysplasia and carcinoma of the human esophagus.

The nuclear DNA content was microspectrophotometrically measured in 16 resected esophagi having dysplasia, carcinoma in situ and/or early invasive squamous carcinoma. First, the epithelial thickness in (1) normal squamous esophageal epithelium and (2) dysplasia-carcinoma in situ areas was divided into three equal compartments (i.e., basal-parabasal, intermediate and superficial) in five cases. In the normal epithelium, while some of the nuclei in basal-parabasal normal squamous cells had elevated DNA values (corresponding to the natural DNA replication in these cells), intermediate and superficial (nonreplicating) normal squamous cells showed a more definite clustering about the 2c value. In the nonnormal epithelium, the percentage of cells with DNA levels exceeding the normal tetraploid value was highest for the intermediate zone. Therefore, in all 16 cases, normal intermediate cells were measured as internal controls, against which the DNA levels of cells in the intermediate compartment in the areas of dysplasia and/or carcinoma in situ were compared. In areas of dysplasia, two different DNA patterns were observed: one clustering around the normal diploid region and the other with aneuploid values. While the former corresponded to some of the lesions considered by conventional histologic examination to be slight and moderate dysplasias, the aneuploid pattern corresponded to the remaining slight and moderate dysplasias as well as to the severe dysplasias. The possibility that "diploid dysplasias" are reactive (i.e., nonneoplastic) lesions due to chronic inflammation or are "dormant" nonprogressive dysplasias, while aneuploid dysplasias are more aggressive lesions, seems to be substantiated by the fact that all areas with carcinoma in situ or with microinvasive squamous carcinoma had aneuploid nuclei.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1988

[DNA analysis of early esophageal cancer and epithelium adjacent to the cancer].

DNA distribution of 4 early esophageal cancers and their epithelial adjacent to cancer was analysed using photocytometry technique. In the tissues around the cancer, DNA content of the normal squamous epithelium always showed diploid (2 c) or proliferating diploid (less than 5 c). DNA content of 3 cases of the dysplastic cells in three specimens was predominantly proliferating diploid, comprising 68%, 38.2% and 59.4% but the aneuploid (greater than 5 c), 8%, 2.9% and 21.8%, respectively. In 4 cases of carcinoma in situ, the aneuploid increased to 86.7%, 68.7%, 17.2% and 28.6%, markedly higher than the dysplastic cells. In 3 cases of early esophageal cancer, the aneuploid accounted for 58.8%, 51.1% and 13.6%, similar to carcinoma in situ. The results indicate that in the dysplastic cells, there is a relative high ratio of the aneuploid cells except the increased proliferating diploid. This phenomenon could explain the unstability for dysplasia and might be the earliest manifestation of malignant change of the epithelial cells.

Aneuploidy↗
PubMed1987

[Extent of lymph node dissection in rectal carcinoma].

Basing on 170 specimens of advanced rectal cancers radically resected, metastatic rule and extent of lymph node dissection were studied in order to guide future surgical treatment. In 170 cases, 77 had lymph node metastases. The lymph node metastatic rate was 45.3% and metastatic degree was 8.9% (527/5 912). Metastasis of the rectal cancer, according to the lymphatic anatomy, can be divided into upward, lateral and downward drain. Because the rectal cancer at any site can lead to the upward metastasis, the upward lymph node dissection, up to the base of inferior mesenteric artery (the third line of lymph nodes), must be done in all rectal cases, otherwise, 10% of patients would have residual cancer. In view of the lateral metastasis occurring only in rectal cancers under the peritoneal reflection, for which lateral lymph node dissection is necessary or one eighth of patients would have residual lesion. Generally, no lateral lymph node dissection is needed in cancers above the peritoneal reflection. Pathologic factor influencing the lymphatic metastasis is the form of tumor growth, such as poorly differentiated and mucoid adenocarcinomas aggressively growing deeply and extensively resulting in a higher lymph node metastatic rate, for which lymph node dissection must be performed.

Adenocarcinoma↗