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Biomedical subjects

F Rodhain

Publications and source records attributed to F Rodhain.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Tick-borne relapsing fever in Madagascar: an eradicated disease?].

Since about thirty years, no relapsing fever due to Borrelia duttoni is recorded from Madagascar. A survey was conducted in the formerly endemic area, between Soalala and Majunga, in order to collect data on possible cases and to look if the vector, Ornithodoros moubata is still present. No mention of the disease was recorded; all Ornithodoros seem to have completely disappeared in the area, without any clear reason. However, a few O. moubata specimens were recorded from piggeries in Mahasolo, 150 km west of Tananarive, outside the endemic area.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Biology and distribution of Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti in Madagascar.

The biology and distribution of the 2 Malagasy Stegomyia species, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, is updated and reported. Aedes aegypti is present in the western and southern regions and Ae. albopictus in the east and on the high plateau. Some unusual locations are noted. The ranges of Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti on Madagascar overlap only slightly. Aedes aegypti is present in the west and in the south, while the Ae. albopictus distribution area is in the east and on the central high plateau. Climatic factors (number of dry months, annual rainfall and temperature), rather than competitive interactions, appear to be the major determinants of the distribution of these species. Aedes aegypti is just slightly anthropophilic, contrary to Ae. albopictus. Babanki virus and MMP 158 virus were isolated from Ae. aegypti; no virus has been isolated from Ae. albopictus.

Aedes↗
PubMed1988

[Arboviroses in the region of Nosy-Bé, Madagascar. Serologic and entomologic data].

Since 1977, the Pasteur Institute of Madagascar has been studying, during six surveys, the arboviruses of Nosy-Be area, in the north-west of Madagascar. 47.2% out of 271 human sera and 11.3% out of 151 sera of Lemurs, tested for antibodies to 16 arboviruses by the haemagglutination inhibition test, are positive. The results show an important prevalence of Flaviviruses. West Nile and Dengue 1 viruses were probably circulating some years before the surveys. Antibodies against Sindbis and Rift Valley Fever viruses, were found only in few subjects. Bunyamwera and California groups of virus are absent. The rate of positive Lemurs is weak, particularly in Lemur macaco macaco. Flaviviruses are the most frequent. 12,262 haematophagous diptera (11,965 Culicidae belonging to 40 species) were caught. Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are both present. Arbovirus isolation attempts from 394 mosquito pools failed; only Mengo virus was isolated from four pools of Eretmapodites quinquevittatus and one pool of Aedes (Skusea) sp.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Arbovirus infections on the island of Nosy-Be; serologic and entomologic findings].

Since 1977, the Pasteur Institute of madagascar has been studying, during six surveys, the arboviruses of Nosy-Be area, in the north-west of Madagascar. 47.2 p. 100 out of 271 human sera and 11.3 p. 100 out of 150 animal sera (mostly from Lemurs), tested for antibodies to 16 arboviruses by the haemagglutination inhibition test, are positive. The results show an important prevalence of Flaviviruses. West-Nile and Dengue 1 viruses were probably circulating some years before the surveys. Antibodies against Sindbis and Rift Valley Fever viruses, were found only in few subjects. Bunyamwera and Tahyna viruses are absent. The rate of positive Lemurs is weak, particularly in Lemur macaco species. Flaviviruses are the most frequent. 12262 haematophagous diptera (11965 Culicidae belonging to 40 species) were caught . Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are both present. Arbovirus isolation attempts from 394 mosquito pools failed; only Mengo virus was isolated from four pools of Erethmapodites quinquevittatus and one pool of Aedes (Skusea) sp.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Human arbovirus infections in Burundi: results of a seroepidemiologic survey, 1980-1982].

A serological survey on 623 human sera was conducted in Burundi in 1980-1982, in order to evaluate the frequency of arboviral antibodies in the inhabitants of the three main areas: lowlands, central plateau and mountainous ridge. The results show a rather high activity of arboviruses, mainly in the lowlands (34.2% of inhabitants with antibodies). Chikungunya virus seems to be the most active arbovirus; the activity of Flavivirus is moderate; no trace of activity of yellow fever or West Nile viruses was found; Bunyavirus antibodies (particularly against Ilesha virus) were also detected.

Alphavirus↗
PubMed1986

[Evaluation of thermostable yellow fever vaccine from the Pasteur Institute on international travellers].

The authors studied the tolerance and efficacy of the new stabilized 17D yellow fever vaccine produced by Pasteur Vaccins, on 50 international travellers at the University Hospital of Grenoble (France), comparing it with the standard 17D yellow fever vaccine. The short-term and long-term tolerance in all the travellers was excellent. The serological efficacy was estimated by seroneutralization assay with the vaccine virus Rockefeller 17D, which is the most sensitive and the most specific method. The seroconversion rate was 93.8%, the same as the rate obtained with the standard yellow fever vaccine in 50 other travellers. The authors studied also the serological response to the standard yellow fever vaccine associated with other vaccines (diphtheria, tetanus, oral or injectable poliomyelitis, and oral cholera): the seroconversion rates were similar to those obtained with the yellow fever vaccine alone, thus demonstrating that these associated vaccines do not interfere with immunization against yellow fever.

Drug Tolerance↗
PubMed1986

[Serological data on hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Southeast Asia].

Using an indirect immunofluorescent test with Hantaan 76-118 and Puumala strains as antigens, antibodies against haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome viruses were found for the first time in human in Laos and Viet-Nam and confirmed the previously published results in Thailand. These results suggest the existence of an Hantaan-related virus in these countries.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1986

[The presence and vector role of Culex bitaeniorhynchus in New Caledonia].

Culex bitaeniorhynchus, reported from New Caledonia after a single collection of larvae in Noumea in 1952, has been found in two other localities, on the south-west and on the north-east coasts. The morphological features show some differences between the local population and the forms from the Oriental Region. Adults have been caught during the hot and rainy season, by light traps mainly. The females have been very rarely collected on human bait. Though found naturally infected by dengue 4 virus, that species is not likely to have an epidemiological importance in New Caledonia. It seems doubtful that it has been imported recently.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Arboviruses and lemurs in Madagascar: experimental infection of Lemur fulvus with yellow fever and West Nile viruses.

In previous serological surveys of lemurs in Madagascar, antibodies against flaviviruses were frequently detected. To examine the epidemiological role of Lemur fulvus, experimental infections with yellow fever (YF) virus and West Nile (WN) virus were performed. YF and WN infections were clinically unapparent. A 3 to 4-day-long viremia, with moderate levels was observed with YF virus. WN virus, especially the strain isolated in Madagascar, provoked a 4 to 6-day-long viremia sufficient to infect Aedes aegypti. In all experiments, the antibody response was studied during the following weeks by 3 methods. The results led to the conclusion that Malagasy lemurs could act as amplifying hosts for WN virus present in Madagascar, and as hosts for YF virus if it were introduced on the island. The epidemiological role of these primates is discussed according to their ecology and their contact with potential mosquito vectors in forest areas of Madagascar.

Aedes↗
PubMed1985

[Arbovirus-vector relations].

The arbovirus-vector relationships result from several successive phenomena: infection of the vector, replication and dissemination of the virus inside the arthropod, transmission to the vertebrate. We propose to call "competency" the entirety of these relationships particular to specific viral and arthropod populations, the adaptation of which it characterizes. By "vectorial capacity", we must designate the competency and the effect exerted on it by environmental factors.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Malaria, arbovirus and hepatitis infections in Macaca fascicularis from Malaysia.

Naturally occurring malaria, arbovirus infection and hepatitis in monkeys can be a hazard for the investigator and might interfere with the outcome of experiments. 63 young adult Macaca fascicularis from Malaysia were screened for these infections. About 1 year after their arrival in France, parasitaemia due to Plasmodium spp., was present in 6.4% of the animals and specific antibodies in 55.5%. 19 of 35 initially positive monkeys were tested again 2 years later. Parasitaemia was found in 1 of 4 monkeys and antibodies in 11 of 19 monkeys which were initially positive. 9 of the monkeys initially tested had low titres of antibodies to the Flavivirus genus. All animals were negative for the hepatitis B surface antigen and anti-HBc. The prevalence of IgG antibodies against hepatitis A was 46.0%. The implications in terms of control are discussed.

Animals↗