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Biomedical subjects

F Resch

Publications and source records attributed to F Resch.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Psychophysiological research in psychiatry and neuropsychopharmacology. I. Methodological aspects of the Viennese Psychophysiological Test-System (VPTS).

In order to find a psychophysiological paradigm for clinical application we have developed the Viennese Psychophysiological Test-System (VPTS), which includes a special selection and combination of experimental situations, physiological measurements, behavioral measurements and data analysis. This study presents detailed information concerning these four aspects. Experimental situations are related to the human model of information processing, where short changes of stimulus-reaction-correlated processes are selected: resting conditions (eyes open, eyes closed), habituation-orienting test, psychomotor-performance test, signal-detection test and reaction-time test. Physiological measures include central and peripheral activity of the cerebrospinal and autonomic nervous system: cortical activity (spontaneous electroencephalogram, auditory evoked potentials, late positive components, slow potentials), ocular activity (eye and eyelid movements), electrodermal activity (skin conductance), cardiac activity (heart rate measurement), respiratory activity (rate of respiration) and peripheral vascular activity (finger pulse volume). Behavioral measurements extend from micro behavior to complex diagnostic systems: psychomotor measurements, self-reported mood, arousal and visceral perception, psychological and psychiatric interviews. The application of this test system in 15 elderly subjects of both sexes aged 58-77 years gives information which exceeds the sum of the singular constructing elements of the VPTS.

Electrocardiography↗
PubMed1989

Psychophysiological research in psychiatry and neuropsychopharmacology. II. The investigation of antihypoxidotic/nootropic drugs (tenilsetam and co-dergocrine-mesylate) in elderlies with the Viennese Psychophysiological Test-System (VPTS).

In a double-blind placebo-controlled study, the effects of tenilsetam, a novel antihypoxidotic/nootropic agent, on spontaneous and event-related activity of the central and autonomous nervous system were studied in 15 elderly subjects of both sexes aged 58-77 years by means of the Viennese Psychophysiological Test-System (VPTS). The VPTS includes a special selection and combination of experimental situations, physiological measurements, behavioral measurements and data analysis. At weekly intervals, the subjects received randomized single oral doses of placebo, 150 mg, 300 mg and 900 mg tenilsetam (TEN) and 5 mg co-dergocrine-mesylate (CDM) as reference drug. Psychophysiological testings were carried out before and 2 h after drug administration. Evaluation of the spontaneous EEG-activity demonstrated no significant drug effects as compared to placebo. In contrast, TEN showed a dose-dependent augmentation of the N1-P2 and N2-P300 amplitudes of the event-related potentials (ERPs) in specific experimental conditions. In reference to placebo, the increase of N2-P300 amplitude after the highest dosage of TEN, as well as after CDM, amounted to approximately 5 microV, which confirms the hypothesis that nootropic drugs may influence the P300 amplitude in the sense of an improved availability of cognitive processing resources. There was no effect on ERP latencies, on mean amplitudes of contingent negative variation and of post-imperative negative variation, on autonomous nervous system, on psychological measurements, nor on reaction time. However, specific improvements were observed in psychomotor measures, such as synchronization accuracy and rhythmicity. These findings highlight the importance of using EEG and ERP measures in different experimental situations in conjunction with behavioral, psychological and autonomous nervous system measures to study nootropic drug effects.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Suicide in schizophrenic patients].

Based on retrospective investigation using hospital records of 44 schizophrenic patients of a rehabilitation department, who committed suicide between 1966 and 1986, the paper discusses demographic and psychological features of schizophrenic suicide in comparison with international literature. Subjects who committed suicide were found to be accumulated within age-range 25 to 30 years and between one or two years of duration of illness. 20% of subjects died in an acute psychotic state, 58% had been found within a depressive episode and 66% had confronted themselves with their social situation and/or future in the light of their illness.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[The function of lytic effector cells in schizophrenic patients].

The present study aimed at elucidating lytic effector cell function in 32 schizophrenic patients and comparing the results with data obtained in 27 normal probands. Natural killer cell (NK) activity and antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) were tested. Schizophrenics did not differ from normal controls in either test system. Within the schizophrenic group, higher NK activity was detected in patients with neuroleptic monotherapy (p less than 0.05). Patients given a combination of neuroleptics, antidepressants and/or lithium did not differ from drug-free patients in either test system. There was no influence of psychopathological variables on lytic effector cell function.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Lytic effector cell function in schizophrenia and depression.

Natural killer (NK) cell activity and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) were tested in patients with schizophrenia or depression. It was found that NK activity as well as ADCC were significantly lower in both groups, as compared to healthy control individuals (P less than 0.001). Psychopharmacologic treatment with neuroleptics and antidepressives resulted in a significant increase in NK activity and ADCC (P less than 0.005) in patients with schizophrenia but not in treated patients with depression. In patients with schizophrenia, no correlation could be established between the dose of neuroleptic given and the increase in NK activity. Lithium also did not produce an increase in NK activity and ADCC. The addition of serum, derived from untreated patients with schizophrenia, to cell cultures in concentrations of 10 and 20% had an inhibitory effect upon the ADCC and, to a lesser degree, upon NK activity (20% serum concentration only); sera from treatment schizophrenics produced no inhibition of NK activity, but did affect ADCC. No serum-derived inhibitory effect upon either NK activity or ADCC was found to be present in sera from patients with depression. We conclude that lytic effector mechanisms are impaired in patients with schizophrenia or depression and that this defect is reversed in schizophrenic patients on treatment, but not in depressives on therapy. Patients with schizophrenia also tend to have a reversible serum-mediated inhibition of NK activity which is absent in patients with depression.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Plasma concentrations of haloperidol and prolactin and clinical outcome in acutely psychotic patients.

This study was aimed at disclosing possible relationships between short term therapeutic outcome and certain ranges in plasma concentrations of haloperidol and of prolactin. Acutely psychotic patients (n = 28) were diagnosed (by RDC) as schizophrenics acute subtype (n = 17), schizoaffectives manic type, acute subtype (n = 8) and manics (n = 3). Parenteral haloperidol was the pharmacological treatment mostly given; the dose was kept constant intraindividually but varied between patients from 5 to 40 mg/d (median 15 mg/d). Data for statistical analyses of possible psychobiological relationships were analyzed at 12 days (median) of haloperidol regimen, that is at a relatively early cut-off in treatment. Keeping the methodological difficulties in mind, certain ranges in plasma concentrations of haloperidol (16-26.9 mg/ml; (Fig. 1) and of prolactin (64-159.9 mg/ml; (Fig. 2) were found to be associated-statistically independently-with a favourable therapeutic outcome. The rate of recovery was best if a patient came to lie with both plasma levels within these therapeutic ranges (Fig. 3). It is concluded that the combination of pharmacological and neuroendocrinological techniques in psychiatric research may be of substantial use for clinical purposes.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

Functional alpha-adrenoceptors in human atrial preparations in the presence of beta-receptor blockade.

Inotropic effects via cardiac alpha-adrenoceptors were studied in electrically driven auricular strips (1 Hz, 37 degrees C) from patients treated with beta-blockers for months prior to open heart surgery. Marked alpha-mediated positive inotropic effects were demonstrated with adrenaline (A), noradrenaline (NA) and phenylephrine (PHE) in the presence of beta-blocker and with blockers of the muscarinic receptor and of the neuronal and extraneuronal uptake mechanisms for the catecholamines. In the presence of approximately 10(-6) M propranolol the maximal effects as well as the potencies (pD2-values) for A and NA were not significantly different while higher than for PHE. The alpha 1-blocker, prazosin (10(-6) M), markedly reduced the pD2-values but not the intrinsic activities (alpha-values) for A, NA and PHE in the beta-blocked preparations. Methoxamine, however, induced negative inotropic responses at normal and low frequencies (1, 0.5 and 0.1 Hz) of stimulation, suggestive of non-specific, cardiodepressant effects. Other agonists with alpha-effects in other types of tissue (oxymethazoline, xylomethazoline and clonidine) were without effects on the force and velocity of contraction in the auricular strips under the present experimental conditions. The results show alpha 1-type of adrenoceptor-induced inotropic effects for A, NA and PHE during beta-blockade in human auricular strips, indicating that cardiac alpha 1-receptors may have clinical importance by increasing the inotropy of the human myocardium treated with beta-blocking agents.

Adrenergic alpha-Agonists↗
PubMed1986

[Comparative studies of the effect of a cardioselective and a noncardioselective beta-blocker on peripheral circulation in patients with arterial occlusive disease].

The effect of celiprolol at a daily dosage of 300 mg (19 patients) was compared with that of propranolol at a daily dosage of 120 mg (14 patients) on peripheral blood flow of the calf and foot in a randomized double-blind trial. Altogether 33 patients (47 extremities) suffering from arterial occlusive disease (stage II according to Fontaine) and hypertension, were treated for 25 days. Blood flow was measured by strain-gauge plethysmography. Celiprolol led to a small, insignificant increase in resting blood flow of the muscle. Propranolol produced a small decrease in resting blood flow of the muscle, and a significant fall in resting blood flow of the skin of the foot. At the completion of treatment with celiprolol there was a small increase in the initial value of reactive hyperaemia of the calf. Propranolol led to a decrease in the initial, and in the maximum values of reactive hyperaemia of the calf and foot. Celiprolol and propranolol led to a comparable decrease in resting blood pressure.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Response of thyrotropin to thyrotropin-releasing hormone as predictor of treatment outcome. Prediction of recovery and relapse in treatment with antidepressants and neuroleptics.

We determined whether the response of thyrotropin (TSH) to thyrotropin-releasing hormone could predict the outcome of treatment with antidepressant and neuroleptic drugs. We studied 114 female patients diagnosed as having major and minor depressive, manic, schizoaffective, and schizophrenic disorders. A blunted TSH response (less than 5 microU/mL [less than 5 mU/L]) at admission was associated with recovery after nine weeks of inpatient treatment using clomipramine hydrochloride for depression and haloperidol for psychosis. A blunted TSH response at discharge was associated with early relapse in depressives receiving clomipramine maintenance therapy. Our findings support the notion that the thyrotropin-releasing hormone test is a "state" marker that may be of use in predicting the outcome of treatment with antidepressant and neuroleptic drugs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Comparison of the bioavailability of two diazepam preparations. Clinical comparison between a new commercial preparation and a standard preparation after oral and intramuscular administration].

The following pharmacokinetic study was aimed at a comparison of the bioavailability of two different preparations of diazepam (Gewacalm and a further wellknown formulation). 40 healthy volunteers were subjected to a cross-over design in which plasma levels of diazepam were assayed after oral and intramuscular application of 10 mg of a preparation. In the comparison (N = 30) of oral bioavailability (rate and completeness of enteral absorption) no statistical difference between both preparations was observed. In the study of intramuscular bioavailability (N = 10), a trend of quicker and more complete resorption of Gewacalm was of statistical significance (p less than 0.05), however, because of the small number of subjects tested in the intramuscular study a replication study is advisable.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1985

Functional beta 1- and beta 2-adrenoceptors in the human myocardium.

Functional beta-adrenoceptor populations in the human heart were studied in vitro in electrically-paced strips of the right auricular and ventricular myocardium. The relative potency of selected agonists in producing inotropic responses (Tmax, T'max) in the presence of blockers for neuronal and extraneuronal uptakes was found to be as follows: isoprenaline greater than noradrenaline = adrenaline = salbutamol greater than dobutamine. Prenalterol had a negative inotropic effect in these preparations. The selective beta 1-(practolol) and beta 2-(H 35/25) blockers reduced inotropic responses to adrenaline (Tmax, T'max) and noradrenaline (T'max) in the auricular strips. These results indicate the participation of beta 2-adrenoceptors in inotropic responses in the human auricular and ventricular myocardium. For comparison, inotropic responses of electrically-paced rat myocardium to beta-adrenergic agonists in the presence of blockers for neuronal and extraneuronal uptakes were likewise studied. The relative potencies for Tmax were: noradrenaline = adrenaline greater than prenalterol greater than dobutamine = salbutamol. Given the high relative potency of salbutamol in the human myocardial strips (analogous to that previous shown in the beta 2-dominated atria of the frog and trout) and the low relative potency of salbutamol in the rat tissue, these findings indicate a greater population of functionally active beta 2-adrenoceptors in the human than in the rat myocardium.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
PubMed1984

TSH-response patterns to TRH stimulation may indicate therapeutic mechanisms of antidepressant and neuroleptic drugs.

The study was designed to investigate, by weekly thyrotropin-releasing hormone tests, possible patterns of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) responses which may indicate therapeutic mechanisms of antidepressant and neuroleptic drugs in patients with depressive and paranoid-hallucinatory syndrome during their process of recovery (3-9 weeks). 65 depressed women and 33 paranoid-hallucinatory women have been studied while on antidepressant (clomipramine) or neuroleptic (haloperidol) treatment, respectively. Four patterns of TSH response were observed. Patients with a pattern of a 'disblunting TSH response' (normalization of an abnormal low response) during drug treatment had a significantly higher chance to recover compared to patients with other TSH response patterns. This finding was independent of psychopathological features and drugs used for treatment. A hypothesis of 'malactivation' as a pathogenetic indicator of various psychotic states is being presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Primary Hodgkin's disease of the lung. Case report and review of the literature.

A patient with primary Hodgkin's disease of the lung is described. Special features of this case were alcohol-induced chest pain as the main presenting clinical symptom and the documentation of the evolution of the pulmonary mass by serial X-rays. Complete remission was achieved by lobectomy and subsequent MOPP-therapy. Since then the patient has been in unmaintained remission for 36 months.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The TSH-response to TRH: A possible predictor of outcome to antidepressant and neuroleptic treatment.

This study was designed to investigate the possible common patterns of neuroendocrine mechanisms, which may be involved in the therapeutic effects of antidepressant drugs in depressive and of neuroleptic drugs in schizophrenic patients. Sixty-three depressed women (major depressive disorder) and 21 paranoid-hallucinatory women have been studied while on antidepressant (clomipramine) or neuroleptic (haloperidol) treatment, respectively. The neuroendocrine test (TRH-test) was performed at weekly intervals. The change of TSH-response to TRH during treatment, i.e. the treatment associated normalization of a former blunted TSH-response, can tentatively be regarded as a predictor of outcome for depressive and paranoid-hallucinatory patients to their respective drug treatments. Antidepressant and neuroleptic drugs appear to involve the normalization of the TSH-response in their therapeutic effects in that proportion of patients (40%) which showed a blunted TSH-response at admission.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

The influence of open-heart surgery during extreme hemodilution on the hemostatic mechanism in the dog.

12 Labrador retriever dogs had mitral disc valves implanted during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with extreme hemodilution, obtained with preoperative blood withdrawal, the use of blood-free priming fluid during perfusion, and retransfusion of autologous blood. Before operation, platelet adhesiveness as well as the reactivity of the intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation systems were markedly higher than in man. During CPB, the number of functioning platelets was very low, but increased after retransfusion, and were after 4 h twice as high as in 7 human patients who received aortic disc valves during CPB with extreme dilution. The extrinsic coagulation system also reacted much faster during and after CPB in the dogs, and heparin activity was rapidly neutralized and intrinsic coagulation normalized in them. Intravascular coagulation did not occur, and more hemolysis was induced in the dogs than in the patients. 3 of the dogs died from valve thrombosis within 24 h. The high reactivity of platelets and coagulation systems in the dog makes the canine model a very difficult one for experimental open-heart surgery because of a strong tendency to thrombosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Mitral disc valve implantation in the dog: early and late valve thrombosis and its prevention.

Valve thrombosis and its prevention was studied in 33 Labrador retriever dogs who received Hall-Haster mitral disc valves during extracorporeal circulation with extreme hemodilution. Three antithrombotic regimes were used. (1) 12 dogs received 1 g heparin preoperatively, and Warfarin tablets from the first postoperative day. Anticoagulation was controlled with thrombotest (TT), aiming at 20-25% of normal coagulation activity. (2) 9 dogs received 10 mg of heparin intravenously hourly for 10 h, and intravenous injections of Warfarin daily, aiming at TT values of 15-20%. (3) The last 12 dogs had continuous heparin infusion for 24 h, and Warfarin injections before as well as after the operation in doses sufficient to reduce the TT to 10-15% of normal. Stable anticoagulation was very difficult to maintain. Only 15 dogs survived the first postoperative day, 7 were alive after 4 weeks. 7 early and 5 late deaths were due to valve thrombosis. All three antithrombotic regimes were equally ineffective in preventing thrombosis, and more intensive antithrombotic prophylaxis is needed to make the canine model suitable for experimental open-heart surgery.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Bipolar atrial application of a new temporary pacing lead after cardiac operations.

A new temporary pacing lead. Medtronic Model 6400, with a defined electrode surface area of 7.5 mm2, has been clinically and electrophysiologically evaluated during bipolar atrial application in 20 patients after cardiac operations. A silicon disc was used for fixation of the electrodes to the right atrium in 10 patients, and an atrial plication technique was used in the other 10. Myocardial stimulation threshold and resistance were measured throughout the postoperative period. Atrial electrograms were recorded on magnetic tape for computer analysis of amplitudes, slew rates, and signal source impedance. No significant differences (p greater than 0.1) were found in myocardial stimulation threshold between the two fixation modes. During constant-current pacing, median threshold rose from 0.65 mA to 2.3 mA. Stimulation resistance, measured during constant-voltage pacing, fell from 567 to 365 omega, with a subsequent rise to 425 omega before electrode removal. Again no difference was found between silicon disc and plication fixation of the electrodes. P-wave amplitudes were significantly higher with plication than with silicon disc fixation (2.26 versus 0.86 mV, p less than 0.01), as were slew rates (0.34 versus 0.18 V/s, p less than 0.05). Signal source impedance had a magnitude of 6 k omega. The electrodes were used successfully in 12 (60%) of the patients for diagnosis and/or treatment of arrhythmias. We find the new lead well suited for atrial application.

Aged↗