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Biomedical subjects

F Remacle

Publications and source records attributed to F Remacle.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Electrical addressing of confined quantum systems for quasiclassical computation and finite state logic machines.

Conduction spectroscopy measures the current I through a nanosystem as a function of the voltage V between two electrodes. The differential conductance, dI/dV, has peaks that can be assigned to resonance conditions with different electronic levels of the system. Between these increments, the current has roughly constant plateaus. We discuss how measurements of the current vs. voltage can be used to perform Boolean operations and hence construct finite state logic machines and combinational circuits. The inputs to the device are the source-drain voltage, including its sign, and a gate voltage applied in a manner analogous to optical Stark spectroscopy. As simple examples, we describe a two-state set-reset machine (a machine whose output depends on the input and also on its present state) and a full adder circuit (a circuit that requires three inputs and provides two outputs).

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Structure and energetics of two- and three-dimensional neutral, cationic, and anionic gold clusters Au(5< or = n < or =9)Z (Z=0,+/-1).

Low-energy structures are found on the potential energy surfaces of the neutral, cationic, and anionic gold clusters Au(5< or = n < or =9)Z (Z=0,+/-1) and on the neutral potential energy surface of Au(9). These structures provide insights on the two to three dimensional (2D-->3D) transition in small neutral and charged gold clusters. It is demonstrated that the size threshold for the 2D-3D coexistence is lower for cationic than neutral gold clusters: the 2D-3D coexistence develops for Au(5) (+) and Au(7) (+) on the cationic potential energy surfaces while only for Au(9) on the neutral. Two metastable long-lived dianions of gold clusters are also reported.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Complexes of DNA bases and gold clusters Au3 and Au4 involving nonconventional N-H...Au hydrogen bonding.

DNA base-gold interactions are studied theoretically at the DFT level using Au(3) and Au(4) clusters as simple catalytic models for Au particles. The bonding between DNA bases and gold clusters occurs via the anchoring of a Au atom to the N or O atoms of the bases. In the most stable planar base-Au(3) complexes, the Au-N or Au-O anchor bonds are reinforced by N-H...Au bonds. The mechanism of formation of these nonconventional H-bonds is discussed.

Base Composition↗
PubMed2004

Quasiclassical computation.

The chemical kinetic description of time evolution where the phase is random but the states are discrete is discussed as a basis for a computational approach. This proposed scheme uses numbers in the entire range of 0 to 1 to represent Boolean propositions. In the implementation by chemical kinetics these numbers are the mole fractions of different species. Vibrational relaxation in a mixture of HCl and DCI is the physical system that is used to illustrate the approach. Energy exchange in such a mixture corresponds to two strongly coupled two-level systems. A search problem, previously discussed in the quantum computing literature, is solved as an example. The solution requires the same number of function evaluations as in the quantal case. The action of the oracle is described in detail.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Thermometer ions for matrix-enhanced laser desorption/ionization internal energy calibration.

This work describes a method to use relative fragmentation yields to characterize the internal energy distribution of ions produced by matrix-enhanced laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MELDI-MS, see: Wright LG, Cooks RG, Wood KL. Biomed. Mass Spectrom. 1985; 12: 153-162). Assuming that the fragmentation proceeds statistically and that the collisions in the source lead to a Boltzmann-like distribution of the internal energy, a characteristic parameter, the effective temperature, is introduced to describe the internal energy distribution of the ions observed. The hypotheses, advantages and drawbacks of the implementation of the method that uses substituted benzylpyridinium salts as thermometer ions are discussed. Use is made of two matrices that produce no matrix cations in MELDI and are suitable for small cationic salts. The actual value of this effective temperature significantly depends on an accurate determination of the threshold dissociation energies and on the time spent in the source, in addition to the statistical hypothesis itself. The method could be applied to normalize spectra in order to compare results issued from different instruments.

Ions↗
PubMed2002

Quantum dot artificial solids: understanding the static and dynamic role of size and packing disorder.

This perspective examines quantum dot (QD) superlattices as model systems for achieving a general understanding of the electronic structure of solids and devices built from nanoscale components. QD arrays are artificial two-dimensional solids, with novel optical and electric properties, which can be experimentally tuned. The control of the properties is primarily by means of the selection of the composition and size of the individual QDs and secondly, through their packing. The freedom of the architectural design is constrained by nature insisting on diversity. Even the best synthesis and separation methods do not yield dots of exactly the same size nor is the packing in the self-assembled array perfectly regular. A series of experiments, using both spectroscopic and electrical probes, has characterized the effects of disorder for arrays of metallic dots. We review these results and the corresponding theory. In particular, we discuss temperature-dependent transport experiments as the next step in the characterization of these arrays.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Logic gates using high Rydberg states.

Connected logic gates can be operated on the levels of one molecule by making use of the special properties of high Rydberg states. Explicit experimental results for the NO molecule are provided as an example. A number of other options, including that of several gates concatenated so as to operate as a full adder, are discussed. Specific properties of high Rydberg states that are used are: their autoionization is delayed so that they can be distinguished from direct multiphoton ionization, during their long life such states also can decay by energy transfer to the molecular core in a way that can be controlled by the judicious application of very weak external electrical fields, and the Rydberg states can be detected by the application of an ionizing electrical field. The combination of two (or three) color photons with and without external weak fields allows the construction of quite elaborate logic circuit diagrams and shows that taking advantage of the different intramolecular dynamics of levels that differ by their excitation enables the compounding of logic operations on one molecular frame.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Architecture with designer atoms: simple theoretical considerations.

The distinct electronic states of assemblies of metallic quantum dots are discussed in a simple approximation where each dot is mimicked as an "atom" that carries one valence electron. Because of their large size, the charging energy of the dots, I = energy required to add another electron, is much smaller than for ordinary atoms. The Coulomb blocking of charge migration is therefore easier to overcome. For the theory, however, this is a challenge, because ionic states, which are typically higher in energy, come down, so the density of electronic states is high, and special methods need to be adapted. Quantum dots are prepared by wet chemical methods and accordingly are not quite identical. They will have a size distribution that can be narrow (when the dots can be assembled into an ordered array) or broad. Other sources of disorder are packing imperfections, which are characteristic of a wider size distribution, ligand deformations, and chemical unevenness. Two experimental control parameters are the size of the dots and the spacing between them. We discuss the combined effects of the low charging energy and disorder and examine the distinct electronic phases that can be realized.

Chemical Phenomena↗