Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

F Rauscha

Publications and source records attributed to F Rauscha.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Enhanced mitotic activity induced by irradiation is abolished by PGI2 pretreatment.

It is well known that irradiation may induce pronounced vascular lesions. Experimental studies revealed that irradiation induces an increased mitotic activity. As PGI2 has been claimed to be an antilesional agent, we wondered whether a pretreatment with PGI2 might abolish some of the effects induced by irradiation. 2 Groups of 24 rabbits were studied. 8 Rabbits each were irradiated with either 5 or 10 Gy on an abdominal aortic segment; 8 animals were sham treated. In each of the 3 groups half of the animals (n = 4) received PGI2 and half the buffer vehicle only. It is demonstrated that PGI2 is able to depress the enhanced mitotic activity induced by irradiation. In comparison to the controls, vascular thromboxane formation is decreased, the temporary increase in PGI2-formation by the vessel wall is less pronounced, whereas the conversion of exogenous arachidonic acid is unchanged. It is hypothetized that stable PGI2-analogues given during irradiation may probably prevent at least in part radiation-induced vascular changes and finally radiation-induced vasculopathy; this claim has to be proven in human.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1991

Effects of isradipine on platelet function in hypertension at rest and during exercise.

The effects of eight weeks of treatment with isradipine (1.25 mg twice daily for four weeks, followed by 2.5 mg twice daily for four weeks) on ex vivo platelet function were investigated in ten male patients with hypertension. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures, platelet aggregation in response to adenosine diphosphate (ADP), serum thromboxane B2, and beta-thromboglobulin levels were significantly decreased (P less than .05) at rest before exercise ergometry, during exercise, and at rest after exercise. The platelet count and plasma levels of 6-oxo-prostaglandin F1 alpha (PGF1 alpha) were not affected by isradipine. It is concluded that treatment of hypertension with a compound that lowers blood pressure and inhibits platelet activation may be of clinical benefit when routinely applied in hypertensive patients.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1991

13,14-dihydro-PGE1, an in-vivo metabolite of PGE1, decreases mitotic activity induced by corticosteroid administration.

PGE1 has antimitotic activity by virtue of its effect in increasing cAMP in vascular smooth muscle cells. The present study compares the effect of 13,14-dihydro-PGE1 (13,14-DH-PGE1) with PGE1 in an experimental model of stress induced by desoxycorticosterone in the rabbit. 13,14-DH-PGE1 significantly inhibited the stress-induced increase in mitotic activity, measured by autoradiography as percentage of 3H-thymidine positive cells, in all 3 abdominal aortic wall layers. Administration prior to stress was more effective than after stress, while combined administration was most effective. 13,14-DH-PGE1 exerts approximately 90% of the antimitotic activity of PGE1. It seems possible that the antimitotic activity observed after administration of intravenous PGE1 is attributable in part to 13,14-DH-PGE1.

Alprostadil↗
PubMed1990

Prevalence of a shortened prostacyclin half-life in plasma in healthy adults: results of a screening investigation.

Out of a total of 1,981 adults (956 males, 1,025 females; aged 16-71 yr) undergoing a screening investigation for elevated cholesterol only 3 healthy participants with pathologically enhanced prostaglandin 12 (PG12) degradation in plasma in vitro were discovered. The PG12 half-life in these three screenings was shorter than 60 sec and persisted during several follow-up checks. In one patient a familial defect was discovered. Diseases known to be associated with this disturbance in PG12 metabolism have been excluded. The mean half-life of PG12 in 1,978 people amounted to 10.71 +/- 1.93 min. It still needs to be clarified whether this rare disturbance in PG12 metabolism is causally related to, or only associated with, thromboembolic events. A possible predisposition should be elucidated by regular monitoring of affected persons.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Effects of bopindolol on platelet function in hypertension at rest and during exercise.

The effects of bopindolol, a new nonselective beta-blocking agent, on platelet function have been studied in 10 male hypertensive patients given the drug (1 mg/day) in turn for eight weeks. Bopindolol significantly (p less than 0.01) decreased the bicycle exercise- (1.5 W/kg body weight for 6 minutes) induced increase in platelet aggregation. During bopindolol-treatment both the slope and the height of the platelet aggregation response curve were moderately decreased at rest before exercise and significantly (p less than 0.05) decreased at rest after exercise. During exercise the slope amounted to 75.4 +/- 44 degrees before and to 70.8 +/- 5.3 degrees after therapy (p less than 0.01), the height to 64.0 +/- 11.9% before and to 58.1 +/- 14.7% (p less than 0.05) after therapy. Furthermore, bopindolol significantly increased the exercise-induced decrease in platelet sensitivity to PGI2 (p less than 0.05; IC-50-value: 2.10 +/- 0.47 vs 1.88 +/- 0.31 ng/ml) and PGD2 (p less than 0.05; IC-50-value: (19.88 +/- 2.10 vs 18.57 +/- 1.63 ng/ml). Bopindolol also significantly (p less than 0.05) decreased the exercise-induced elevation in serum-TXB2 (244.9 +/- 35.2 vs 237.3 +/- 27.2 ng/ml) and plasma-TXB2 (15.7 +/- 6.3 vs 13.1 +/- 3.7 pg/ml). The platelet count, the plasma levels of 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha, beta-thromboglobulin (beta-TG) and platelet factor 4 (PF4) were not affected by bopindolol. It is concluded that bopindolol favourably affects platelet function, in that it lowers exercise-induced platelet aggregation and TXB2-formation in therapeutical doses and increases platelet sensitivity to antiaggregatory prostaglandins.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1989

Glucocorticoid-treatment does not influence the synthesis of thromboxane B2 and bicyclo-PGE2 in humans.

It has been reported that the anti-inflammatory action of glucocorticoids is due to the inhibition of phospholipases. Consequently, after high-dose steroid treatment in humans a decrease in cyclooxygenase products should be expected. In 15 patients (10 males, 5 females, 29-62 y) undergoing 6-methyl-prednisolone-treatment (40-80 mg daily) for various clinical reasons and in 5 healthy volunteers (4 male, 1 female, 28-37 y) receiving 500 mg 6-methyl-prednisolone daily for 3 days plasma- and serum-thromboxane B2 (TXB2), as well as bicyclo-prostaglandin E2 (bicyclo-PGE2) were monitored over 3 weeks. In the entire follow-up period, however, no significant change in either serum- or plasma-TXB2 or bicyclo-PGE2 could be measured in either, patients and volunteers, under glucocorticoid-treatment. These findings indicate that even high-dose glucocorticoid-treatment does not affect the serum- and plasma-metabolites of the eicosanoids examined. It is concluded that in humans a significant inhibition of phospholipases by glucocorticoids and subsequently reduced formation of cyclooxygenase products seems to be rather unlikely.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Defects in the prostaglandin system. VI. Acquired plasma factor defect].

A 44 year-old male was admitted to hospital in October 1984 presenting with enzymatic and electrocardiographic signs of posterior wall myocardial infarction. At this time 2 separate examinations revealed normal plasma factor activity. At the 1 year follow-up (November 1985) plasma factor activity was still present. However, in February 1987 for the first time, the patient's plasma failed to enhance PGI2 synthesis from vascular tissue in vitro. 3 further follow-up examinations within the next 6 weeks again revealed an acquired absence of plasma factor activity of unknown cause. No deterioration in clinical condition occurred. All relatives tested showed normal plasma factor activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Return to work following myocardial infarct].

The aim of this retrospective study involving 471 patients was to investigate the percentage of patients who returned to work after acute myocardial infarction. In the group of 350 patients who did not undergo subsequent aortocoronary bypass operation 70% returned to work, whereby half of these patients started work again within 6 months after infarction. A significantly higher number of patients who were enrolled in a cardiac rehabilitation programme returned to work as compared with patients not participating in such a programme (72% vs. 59%, respectively; p less than 0.04). There was, however, no difference between these 2 groups with respect to either the time point of resumption of work after myocardial infarction or the duration of employment between infarction and eventual retirement. Of the 121 patients who underwent an aortocoronary bypass operation, only 38% returned to work (p less than 0.001 vs. patients without bypass surgery).

Coronary Artery Bypass↗
PubMed1988

[Prevalence of plasma factor deficiency in the Vienna population. Results of a screening study of 1,300 adults].

A screening investigation for the presence of risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis demonstrates a plasma factor deficiency in 0.8% in the Viennese population. These findings are in agreement with the data of a newborn screening performed earlier. All the persons were clinically healthy. In 4 of them at least 1 family member suffered from the same defect. The pathogenetic relevance of the plasma factor defect for thrombophilia at young age is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Comparable effect of prostaglandin E1 in decreasing in vivo platelet deposition on human lesion sites after intravenous and intraarterial application.

It had been claimed that prostaglandin E1 is degraded during first lung passage to a major extent. Clinical results, however, as well as various platelet function tests and coagulation parameters revealed no apparent difference after i.v. and i.a. infusion. Thus, we examined the question what the quantitative difference between i.v. and i.a. PGE1-application would be upon in-vivo platelet function assessed by platelet uptake over active lesion sites as well as platelet half-life monitoring after autologous 111-In-oxine platelet labelling. In patients suffering from peripheral vascular disease stage II according to Fontaine PGE1 was able to decrease platelet uptake after i.v. and i.a. therapy to a comparable extent; similarily, a significant prolongation in platelet half-life was noted, again revealing no difference. As the decrease in platelet uptake is assumed to be predominantly a vascular effect, it is hypothetized that more stable derivatives of PGE1 are active, counterbalancing a lower biological activity with a longer half-life.

Alprostadil↗
PubMed1988

Ventilation with the esophageal tracheal combitube in cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Promptness and effectiveness.

The success of cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac arrest depends not only on the duration of the arrest, but also on the prompt establishment of a patent airway. In this study, we tested the safety and promptness of intubation with esophageal tracheal combitube (ETC) when compared to conventional endotracheal airway. Effectiveness of ventilation via the ETC as shown by blood gas analyses appeared to be comparable to endotracheal airway. Data suggest that the ETC might serve as a useful device during cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Blood Gas Analysis↗
PubMed1987

Platelet function and prostaglandins in patients with peripheral vascular disease treated with calcium dobesilate.

In a double-blind placebo controlled study, 25 male patients (age range: 48-67 years) suffering from peripheral vascular disease were treated daily for 4 weeks with either 2 g of calcium dobesilate (n = 13) or placebo (n = 12). Different platelet and prostaglandin parameters were examined before and at the end of therapy. The number of circulating endothelial cells decreased significantly (4.9 +/- 2.9 to 2.0 +/- 1.9; p less than 0.0004). In addition, a decrease in serum TXB2 was noted (p less than 0.0001), but no significant change in plasma TXB2. The fibrinogen half-life was shortened (p less than 0.0001) and the platelet half-life was prolonged (p less than 0.04). The level of beta TG was decreased (p less than 0.006), but PF4 was unchanged. No alteration in the conversion of exogenous 14C-arachidonic acid by platelets to eicosanoids was observed. These observations indicate that calcium dobesilate is able to exert a favourable effect on some parameters of platelet function and prostaglandin synthesis which are important in the regulation of the hemostatic process. It is suggested that these pharmacological actions might explain, at least in part, the beneficial clinical effect of the drug.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Evaluation of esophageal tracheal combitube in cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Prompt establishment of an airway is a primary goal in CPR of nonbreathing and unconscious patients. The esophageal tracheal combitube (ETC) is a new airway, designed for emergency intubation providing sufficient ventilation whether the airway is placed into the trachea or into the esophagus. We evaluated the effectiveness of the ETC in 31 patients during CPR. Blood gas analyses obtained during esophageal placement of the ETC showed results comparable to those of ventilation with a conventional endotracheal airway (ETA). The ETC appeared to oxygenate and ventilate patients adequately without complications. The efficacy, safety, and ease of insertion ensure rapid airway control. It is concluded that the ETC provides a sufficient alternative to the ETA whenever ideal conditions or trained staff for endotracheal intubation are not immediately available.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Diagnostic value of exercise testing versus long-term ECG in evaluation of arrhythmias in old age.

The usefulness of exercise testing (ET) in old age is so far undefined particularly for detection of arrhythmias. We compared the diagnostic value of ET with 24-h long-term ECG recording (LT-ECG) in patients older than 70 years that were evaluated because of symptoms possibly related to arrhythmias. In 37 patients (age 72.8 +/- 2.7 years) the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias (LOWN greater than or equal to 1) was greater during ET (67%) than during 24-h LT-ECG recording (48%, P less than 0.01). Complex ventricular arrhythmias were detected in 6/37 patients (16%) by ET, in 9/37 patients (24%) by LT-ECG, in one patient (3%) by both tests and in 14/37 patients (37%) by one of the two tests, while 23/37 patients (63%) had no significant complex arrhythmias recorded by either test. During ET 12 patients (32%) showed signs of myocardial ischaemia with ST-depression greater than or equal to 0.2 mV and/or increasing angina pectoris. In 42% of these patients complex ventricular arrhythmias LOWN greater than or equal to 3 occurred during ET. Thus both ET and LT-ECG are useful methods to uncover arrhythmias in symptomatic patients older than 70 years and have to be considered as complementary tools.

Aged↗