[Impotence: introductory notes].
If we define erectile impotence as the inability to achieve and maintain a firm erection we can distinguish several pathogens of impotence: psychologic disorders, neurogenic sinusoidal disorders, arterial disorders, venous & sinusoidal disorders and systemic diseases and other disorders can cause erectile impotence. An etiologic screening of impotence must be carried out by Urologists in order to adopt the best surgical approach. Especially when surgery has to be planned, a complete, often invasive screening associated with a super-specialist diagnostic study is necessary at the beginning of any procedure. Different approaches to impotence can be adopted on the basis of patient's age, etiology and failure of other devices. The main methods of surgical correction of impotence may be divided as follows: a) percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (P.T.A.); b) revascularization; c) surgical treatment of "venous leakage", d) trans-luminal veno-occlusion (T.L.V.O.); e) correction of penile curvature; f) prostheses placement. The diagnosis of arteriogenic impotence depends upon the arteriographic demonstration of bilateral hemodynamically significant obstruction. In our experience the injection of papaverine during the test has provided a better visualization of cavernous arteries and helicine branches. Reduction of luminal diameter by more than 50% suggest a hemodynamically significant stenosis. Intracavernous injection of vasoactive agents has provided an attractive alternative to surgery. We have employed papaverine alone or with phentolamine or phenoxybenzamine. After short term treatment, some patients have achieved good erections without further injections. For P.T.A. of the distal internal pudendal arteries our approach has been via the ipsilateral or contralateral femoral arteries. Under local anesthesia a penile arteriographic catheter is placed in the internal pudendal artery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)