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Biomedical subjects

F Petty

Publications and source records attributed to F Petty.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Alcoholism secondary to essential tremor.

Alcohol transiently improves the shakiness of patients with essential (familial) tremor. The possibility that essential tremor may lead to alcohol abuse and addiction is raised in relationship to three case reports. It is suggested that secondary alcoholism in patients with essential tremor may be treated or prevented by control of the essential tremor with beta-adrenergic blocking agents. Theoretical implications for the etiology of alcoholism are discussed.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1981

GABAergic modulation of learned helplessness.

Previous studies have demonstrated the GABAergic system in the hippocampus to be a major controlling factor in the reversal of learned helplessness by antidepressants. In the present work, animals in which learned helplessness (LeH) was induced by exposure to uncontrollable electric shock demonstrated a decreased depolarization-induced release of GABA relative to controls, and an increased release of hippocampal glutamate. Injection of bicuculline but not glutamate into the hippocampus produced a behavioral state identical to that induced by uncontrollable shock, but had no influence on pain sensitivity. When flux through the "small" hippocampal pool of GABA was determined, chronic treatment with imipramine or iprindole, but lorazepam or chlorpromazine elevated this measure. These three findings along with those of prior experiments, suggest a controlling role for GABA in the learned helplessness model of depression.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1981

Plasma GABA in affective illness. A preliminary investigation.

Plasma levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were determined in 34 clinically symptomatic patients with diagnosis of affective disorder and in 20 normal controls. Lowest levels were found in patients with familial pure depressive disease and in depression spectrum disease, while levels of patients with sporadic depressive disease, though significantly lower than control, were not as low. Plasma GABA levels in secondary depression and in bipolar depression were similar to control. Bipolar manic patients had plasma GABA levels that were significantly higher than control values.

Bipolar Disorder↗
PubMed1981

A pharmacologically pertinent animal model of mania.

Intraventricular injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (HDA) produces rats which are irritable and hyperresponsive to environmental stimuli. Chronic administration of lithium was found to prevent the development of hyperreactivity to mild footshock, while chronic electroconvulsive shock effected a return toward normal behavior. HDA-induced hyperreactivity is proposed as a pharmacological model of mania.

Affective Disorders, Psychotic↗
PubMed1981

Relationship of depression to medical illness. A critical review.

The relationship between medical illness and depression is critically reviewed. Evidence for an association exists but is based on relatively few studies of adequate research design. Data suggest the period prevalence of depressive syndrome in medically ill patients is around 18% for the severely medically ill. An etiologic relationship has not established. The incidence of diseases in the medical subspecialities of endocrinology, neurology, cardiology, gastroenterology, and rheumatology appears to be increased in patients with depression. A causal relationship has been suggested in the first four.

Depression↗
PubMed1981

Depression secondary to cancer.

Depression is the most frequent psychiatric complication experienced by cancer patients. Recent surveys indicate that 17--25% of patients hospitalized with neoplastic disease suffer from depression severe enough to warrant psychiatric intervention. The disorder tends to be reactive in nature and occurs mot frequently among the severely ill. Despite an increased risk of suicide, self-destruction remains a rare occurrence in cancer victims. The most important etiologic factors are associated with the disease itself but additional factors have to do with its treatment. Those related to the illness include the psychological reaction to cancer, reaction to physical distress, central nervous system metastases, paraneoplastic syndromes, and metabolic disturbances. Factors related to the treatment include reaction to surgical procedures, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and hormone therapy. Treatment for depression secondary to cancer should begin with careful assessment leading to identification of specific mechanisms and may include antidepressant drugs, psychotherapy, and a variety of adjunctive techniques. Little research has been done in this area, and most of it suffers from the use of inadequate diagnostic criteria. Controlled trials of available pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatments are urgently needed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1977

Chemical ionization mass spectra of phenothiazine derivatives and their oxygenated analogs.

Twenty-nine derivatives of phenothiazine formed relatively stable ions by proton capture under conditions of chemical ionization, using methane or isobutane as reagent gas. Fragments of generally low abundance formed by simple bond cleavage in the trimethylene portion of the side chain and by loss of water or hydrogen halide. Mass spectra obtained from pyrolyzates of amine salts and from the corresponding free bases were essentially identical.

Antipsychotic Agents↗
PubMed1976

Quantitation of glycine in plasma and urine by chemical ionization mass fragmentography.

A new technique has been developed for rapid and precise quantitation of glycine in micro samples of biological fluids. Glycine is measured as the n-butyl N-trifluoroacetyl (TAB) derivative by chemical ionization mass fragmentography, using both methane and isobutane as carrier/reagent gases, with the analogous derivative of 2,2-dideuterioglycine added as the internal standard. This technique is also readily applicable, with sensitivity to the femtomole level, to determinations of other amino acids, as, for example, in studies of congenital errors of metabolism.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1975

Quantitative, multicomponent analysis of fatty acids from cholesteryl esters by chemical ionization reconstructed mass chromatography.

Reconstructed mass chromatography using methane as a carrier and reagent gas for chemical ionization gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of the derived methyl esters allows rapid, quantitative microdeterminations of complete cholesteryl ester fatty acid profiles. The sensitivity of this method is consistent with completely specific, multicomponent assay at the picomole level. Introduction of two homologues as internal standards, one into the intact biological specimen and the other after derivatization, provides a measure of the net efficiency of the processes of extraction and derivatization. This procedure may be extended readily to the determination of fatty acid profiles in most biological fluids.

Body Fluids↗