Biomedical subjects

F P Schulter-Ellis

Publications and source records attributed to F P Schulter-Ellis.

10 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1988

Sexing North American Eskimo and Indian innominate bones with the acetabulum/pubis index.

The acetabulum/pubis index was tested on American Eskimo and Indian samples of innominate bones to which sex had been assigned by visual inspection. The index alone sexed 91 and 89% of the Eskimo and Indian samples, respectively. Subsequent sorting of misclassified specimens with femur head diameter resulted in 96 and 99% rates of classification. The index and a measurement of ischial height were used in a discriminant function model which correctly identified the sex of 93% of the Eskimo and 92% of the Indian bones. Using femur head diameter to sort those specimens which were misclassified by their discriminant function score yielded classification rates of 96 and 98%. These results are compared to a range of 92 to 100% obtained with the index in earlier studies of American black and white pelvic bone samples.

Acetabulum↗

PubMed1985

Anomalous flexor superficialis indicis: two case reports and literature review.

Derived from postmortem dissections, early descriptions of a muscle belly in the palm that served the index finger in the manner of the flexor digitorum superficialis were published by MacAlister (1868), Graper (1917), and Mainland (1927). In the English literature, we have found reports on only 15 clinical cases that involved the palm. Based on available information regarding sex, 12 patients were female and one was male. The anomaly involved the right hand in all cases and was bilateral in four of the female patients. We report two additional cases, of which one is considered the first bilateral case in a man with symptoms on the left side.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1985

Determination of sex with a discriminant analysis of new pelvic bone measurements: Part II.

The pelves of 100 white skeletons were measured on both sides for the following: (1) length from the superiormost aspect of the pubic symphysis to the nearest rim of the acetabulum (PS-A), (2) length from the highest point of the pubic tubercle to the nearest rim of the acetabulum (PT-A), (3) acetabular diameter (AD), (4) the vertical distance from the anterior aspect of the ischial tuberosity to the farthest rim of the acetabulum (IT-A), and (5) greatest femur head diameter. From these, three indices were derived: AD/PS-A (acetabulum/pubis index), AD/PT-A (acetabular diameter/pubic tubercle-acetabular rim index), and IT-A/PS-A (ischium-acetabulum height/pubic symphysis-acetabular rim index). The left AD/PS-A ratio and left IT-A height proved statistically to be of greatest discriminating value. Using these two variables, a discriminant function was derived which correctly separated 98% of our sample. The acetabulum/pubis ratio alone correctly assigned 95%. With either the discriminant function analysis of two variables or the acetabulum/pubis index as a single predictor, 97% of our sample of known sex was correctly identified if all specimens that fell within a doubtful or overlapping range of values were sorted by femur head diameter.

Anthropology, Physical↗

PubMed1984

Internal morphology of human phalanges.

The internal morphology of human phalanges has been defined by measurements taken directly from specimens of these bones. For this study, all 14 phalanges were prepared from 25 fresh cadaver hands. Measurements were taken of both external and internal variables. Intramedullary structures are described. In the proximal metaphysis of the phalanges, the canal presents the shape of a tunnel with a flat floor on its palmar aspect and an arching roof dorsally. Distally, toward middiaphysis, the canal becomes more elliptic and its size is smaller relative to the metaphyseal area. This suggests that not only dimensions but also the shape of the canal should be given full consideration in the design of intramedullary devices.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

Determination of sex with a discriminant analysis of new pelvic bone measurements: Part I.

The pelves of 100 black skeletons were measured on both sides for the following: (1) length from the superiormost aspect of the pubic symphysis to the nearest rim of the acetabulum (PS-A), (2) length from the highest point of the pubic tubercle to the nearest rim of the acetabulum (PT-A), (3) acetabular diameter (AD), (4) the vertical distance from the anterior aspect of the ischial tuberosity to the farthest rim of the acetabulum (IT-A), and (5) greatest femur head diameter. From these, three indices were derived: AD/PS-A (acetabulum/pubis index), AD/PT-A (acetabular diameter/pubic tubercle-acetabular rim index), and IT-A/PS-A (ischium-acetabulum height/pubic symphysis-acetabular rim index). The left AD/PS-A ratio and left IT-A height proved statistically to be of greatest discriminating value. Using these two variables, a discriminant function was derived which, followed by sorting with femur head diameter, accurately classified 97% of our sample. The acetabulum/pubis index alone with subsequent sorting by femur head diameter correctly assigned 96% of our sample. While this does not represent an improvement of predicatability over similar methods using the ischium/pubis index, measurements required for the acetabulum/pubis index are more easily defined and should, therefore, reduce the chance of observer error.

Acetabulum↗

PubMed1980

Intramedullary structure of human metacarpals.

External and internal measurements were taken of the metacarpal bones of 25 fresh adult, Caucasian cadaver hands. The shape of the intramedullary canal of each of the five metacarpals was different. There was also great variation between metacarpals in both cortical thickness and the diameter of the canals. The volar cortical wall of all metacarpals was approximately 20% thicker than the dorsal cortex. With the exception of the thumb, there was no difference between the radial and ulnar cortical thickness. The data obtained from these studies suggested strongly that the shape and dimensions of the intramedullary canal should be taken into consideration when designing intramedullary fixation devices or prostheses.

Adult↗

PubMed1980

Evidence of handedness on documented skeletons.

The collection of skeletal material at the University of Maryland School of Medicine now includes a small sample of scapulae and long bones of the upper extremities taken from cadavers of known handedness. This sample has been used to begin studies for determining the accuracy currently used for diagnosing handedness. Measurements have been taken of the deflection angle that results from dorsal inclination of the glenoid fossa, humeral length and head diameter bicondylar width, and radial and ulnar lengths. A radiohumeral index and the total combined length of the long bones for each extremity as well as side difference in total length were calculated. These data plus the presence or absence of an extensor facet onthe dorsal margin of the glenoid fossa have been compared with the known hand preference. Thus far, the data indicate that the extensor facet, greater dorsal inclination of the glenoid fossa, greater total length of long bones, and greater bicondylar with correlate with the dominant side. Since the sample size is small, further work is needed before a valid statistical analysis can be made.

Anthropometry↗

PubMed1979

Differences in intracortical bone remodeling in three aboriginal American populations: possible dietary factors.

Cross sections of intracortical bone revealed differences among three early American populations--Eskimo, Arikara, and Pueblo--in the frequency of a form of remodeling called, here, type II. This remodeling appears to occur exclusively within the walls of haversian canals of well-mineralized osteons. The populations are known to have differed in their nutrition. The Eskimo, with a high-protein diet, exhibited the most frequent type II remodeling, whereas the Pueblo, with a low-protein diet, showed the least. Type II remodeling probably reflects the physiological state of the group. Variation in frequency of classic intracortical bone remodeling was not apparent.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

Determination of sex by discriminant function analysis of postcranial skeletal measurements.

Thieme and Schull [16] took measurements of seven postcranial traits from black skeletons of known sex to devise a method for accurately sexing human remains. With a linear discriminant function analysis of the data they obtained a 98.5% accuracy. The research reported here was designed to assess the accuracy of their method in the hands of other investigators using a sample of the same black population and its applicability to other populations of the same and different races. None of the samples used in this study were sexed with the same rate of accuracy either achieved or predicted by Thieme and Schull. However, two samples did reach 91% or better. Such results suggest that the methods employed have considerable value if used with appropriate precautions. Our multiple discriminant function analysis strongly indicates that neither side nor observer techniques affected the results. Sex accounts for a predominant fraction of the total variation among samples and race accounts for most of that remaining.

Anthropometry↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Population differences in cellularity of the mastoid process.

Adult crania from four human skeletal population samples were radiographed in order to study variation of the air cell system in the mastoid process. Six types of processes were recognized, i.e., sclerotic, diploic, diplo-pneumatic, pneumatic, and highly pneumatic. Frequency of non-pneumatized (acellular) processes in Eskimos was significantly lower than that found in the other three populations. Female crania in each sample showed fewer acellular processes than male, but the differences were statistically significant only in the Whites, Eskimos, and total sex samples. While present in each population, frequency of asymmetry of type was significant in only Whites and Eskimos. These results provide some additional evidence that a genetic factor is operant in determining the degree of cellularity of mastoid processes.

Asian People↗