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Biomedical subjects

F P Heald

Publications and source records attributed to F P Heald.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

The young pregnant teenager. Impact of comprehensive prenatal care.

Pregnant teenagers under the age of 15 years are known to be at highest risk for delivering low-birth-weight infants, particularly poor black girls. Sixty-seven inner-city pregnant adolescent girls 15 years or less at the time of delivery were followed in a special Teen Obstetric Clinic staffed by an interdisciplinary team trained in adolescent and prenatal health care. Ninety-three percent of the clinic population was black. The fetal outcomes of these girls were compared with the fetal outcomes of 67 girls who attended the regular obstetric clinic. Girls were matched for age at delivery, race, socioeconomic status, and parity. Only 9.0% of the infants of the teenagers in the Teen Obstetric Clinic group weighed less than 2500 g, compared with 20.9% of the infants of the girls in the regular Obstetric Clinic group. This finding has implications for the type of prenatal care provided to young adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Teenagers' preferences regarding the presence of family members, peers, and chaperones during examination of genitalia.

During physical examination that include the genitalia, teenagers are typically separated from their parents and females are provided with a chaperone. To assess teenagers' attitudes regarding this practice, 140 females and 60 males awaiting treatment in a general adolescent clinic were asked their opinion about a physical examination that include the genitalia. Teenagers indicated whether they would want to be accompanied during the examination, and by whom, as a function of the hypothetical clinical situation that varied the sex and familiarity of the physician. Choices reflected teenagers' age and sex, rather than physician characteristics. Young males and females strongly preferred to be accompanied, generally by a family member. With increasing age, males preferred to be alone with the physician whereas females preferred to be accompanied. Regardless of sex and age, virtually none chose the company of peers. Despite strong development differences, however, there also were pronounced individual differences among teenagers of the same age. Our results suggest that service delivery be adapted to the particular preference expressed by individual teenagers. Needs assessment for adolescent programs may best be achieved by conducting similar surveys in local clinical settings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Nutrition and the adolescent: an update.

This article reviews selected nutrition research pertinent to adolescent health care. Protein--calorie malnutrition affects 25% of hospitalized adolescents studied, which correlates, as in adults, with increased morbidity and mortality. Some subgroups of adolescents, notably Asian immigrants, have been shown to be at high risk for developing vitamin D deficient rickets. On the other hand, excessive vitamin D intake has been linked to arteriosclerosis in animal models. Calcium supplementation is not likely to be indicated in U.S. adolescents. Iron deficiency prevalence in adolescence is not well documented, owing to the confusion between anemia and iron deficiency. Serum ferritin and free erythrocyte protoporphyrin measures should help to clarify this issue. Zinc nutrition must be assessed in high-risk groups such as those with short stature or Crohn's disease. Oral contraception effects on vitamin B6 and on serum lipids need to be considered in the risk-benefit equation when prescribing this method of birth control for adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

The influence of dietary cholesterol and fat on the homeostasis of cholesterol metabolism in early life in the rat.

Evidence has accumulated suggesting that exposure to dietary cholesterol during early developmental stages activates biochemical mechanisms that regulte cholesterol homeostasis in adult life. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were fed control or 1% cholesterol [high cholesterol-high fat (HC-HF)] liquid diet during gestation, and with the same diet, offsprings were challenged at maturity. 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase activity declined by 76%, and cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity increased by 200%. Microsomal and serum cholesterol accumulation also increased significantly. Exposure to HC-HF diet during suckling and continued exposure with the same diet postweaning resulted in 52% decline in 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase and 280% increase in 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity. Serum cholesterol level is not affected although microsomal cholesterol accumulation and the ratio of hepatic to serum cholesterol increased significantly in the experimental group when compared to the nonchallenged group. Rats exposed to HC-HF diet during lactation alone or during gestation and lactation and then challenged demonstrated enzymatic changes of similar magnitude. Serum and microsomal cholesterol levels also increased significantly by 126 and 150%, respectively. The activity of the HMG-CoA reductase system appears to be more sensitive to modulation by diet during gestation than during lactation. However, 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity is susceptible to dietary manipulation with HC-HF diet only during lactation.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Amino acids in human blood plasma after single meals of meat, oil, sucrose and whiskey.

Six healthy men (21 to 38 years; 58 to 80 kg) consumed an adequate diet in a metabolism unit. At 4-day intervals they ingested test meals and venous blood was drawn before and after ingestion at intervals for 8 hours. Test meals were 100, 200, and 300 g of cooked lean meat and quantities of corn oil, sucrose, and whiskey isoenergetic with 200 g of meat. Plasma was analyzed for 20 amino acids. Mean totals of amino acids (micromoles per liter) were maximally elevated at 1 or 2 hours post cibum for all meals and remained above fasting values at 4 hours, with one exception (glucose meal). At 8 hours they were all below fasting values with one exception (whiskey meal). Individual responses varied so much that mean values are misleading. One subject responded well to ingestion of 100 or 200 g of meat but failed to respond to 300 g of meat, oil, or sucrose. Another subject responded well to oil and sucrose, but failed to respond to 100 or 200 g of meat. Mean total fasting amino acid values for all subjects were relatively constant but values for individual subjects ranged from 16% above to 18% below their own fasting means. Ingestion of whiskey invariably resulted in a significant decline in molar ratios for histidine and a significant increase for threonine.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Visual-motor problems of adolescents who attempt suicide.

Using the Canter Background Interference Procedure with the Bender-Gestalt Test, a group of 18 adolescent suicide attempters earned test scores indicating they had significantly more problems with visual-motor coordination than did a control group of 21 adolescents. There were also a greater number of school failures and behavior problems among these suicide attempters. The findings suggest that learning disabilities may be an unrecognized factor which increases the risk of suicide attempts by adolescents.

Achievement↗
PubMed1977

Adolescents who attempt suicide.

A suicide prevention program for teen-agers was established and at the completion of the first two years a review of the data was undertaken. A group of 65 adolescents who attempted suicide were identified in that time period. The median age group was 16 years, and 75% were girls. Ingestion was the predominant method used in these suicidal attempts. The major characteristics of these youngsters included long-term family disruption, social isolation, and academic difficulties. A subgroup of 25 adolescents received psychologic tests. When compared to a matched control group there was a significantly higher rate of minimal brain dysfunction for those adolescents who attempted suicide.

Achievement↗
PubMed1975

Adolescent nutrition.

We have briefly reviewed the nutritional requirements of adolescents and the significant difficulties in establishing nutrient requirements for this period of rapid growth. In general, although there are data for specific nutrients in adolescents on which to base recommendations for nutritional requirements, by and large, most requirements are extrapolated from data on infants or adults. There is still a large void to be filled in determining the physiological requirements for nutrients during the adolescent growth spurt. Until this is accomplished, many of our data, as presented in the report, are extrapolated. For specific recommendations for individual adolescents, the reader is again referred to the FAO/WHO publication and the National Research Council Publication.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Juvenile obesity.

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Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1973

Teenage obesity.

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Adipose Tissue↗