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Biomedical subjects

F Ottaviani

Publications and source records attributed to F Ottaviani.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the maxillary sinus in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is one of the most common malignancies in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV): it occurs 25-60 times more frequently in HIV-infected patients than in the general population. This neoplasm in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients is a highly aggressive tumour with a poor prognosis and tends to develop in extranodal sites, such as the central nervous system, digestive tract and bone marrow. NHL involving the paranasal sinuses is rare in HIV-infected patients, and is likely to be confused clinically and radiographically with sinusitis; moreover, its optimal treatment is currently uncertain. We present a case of NHL involving the left maxillary sinus in a patient with AIDS. The patient was treated with systemic chemotherapy (low dose-CHOP), but the malignancy did not respond. Subsequently, he was treated with local maxillary sinus irradiation which resulted in partial regression of the neoplasm and in decrease of local symptoms.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1998

[Otogenic cerebral abscess: description of 3 cases, clinical and therapeutic considerations].

The authors use the 3 cases of otogenous cerebral abscess which came under observation as starting point for a discussion of the main etiopathogenetic, microbiological, clinical-diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of this disorder. After a brief presentation of the data regarding incidence, preferential localization and age of onset, they discuss the means for intracranial spread of infection and the related symptoms. As regards diagnosis, the authors assert that clinical examination and imaging techniques--CT and especially MRI--enable one to determine the dimension and site of the abscess cavity, differentiating it from other intracranial lesions and to monitor clinical evolution and response to therapy. After mentioning the principle bacteria involved in infection, they deal with the various means of treatment. The authors favor surgical removal of the auricular phlogistic focus and medical treatment of the intracranial abscess. They resort to neurosurgery only in those cases which do not respond to drug treatment or when the size and particular location of the abscess threaten the patient's life. In conclusion, the authors underline the problems seen today in diagnosis and therapy, comparing the quoad vitam and quoad valetudinem prognosis for the affected patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[Presbycusis].

Presbycousis represents a poorly defined clinical entity despite a number of investigations that have been carried out. After a careful review of present knowledge, the authors state that this clinical entity may be regarded as a multifactorial syndrome, due to extrinsic as well as inherited noxious factors.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1998

[Functional results after cordectomy in laryngeal fissure and in microlaryngoscopy with CO2 laser].

Videolaryngostroboscopy, psychoacoustic and spectrographic analyses were performed to evaluate vocal function in two groups of male patients who had undergone CO2Laser (n = 23) and laryngofissure cordectomy (n = 21) for the treatment of T1a glottic carcinoma. None of the patients used their voices professionally. This study revealed a good correlation between the anatomical features and voice quality. Psychoacoustic and spectrographic analysis showed that the functional results were significantly worse in the patients treated by laryngofissure (p < 0.003). In this group videolaryngostroboscopy showed a higher rate of compensation in both ventricular folds than shown in the laser-treated group (p < 0.02). The authors conclude that the functional results obtained after cordectomy depend on the various combinations of scarring patterns and compensatory hyperkinesia of the ventricular or vocal folds. The better anatomical and functional results achieved following laser cordectomy may be explained by the fact that such procedures result in better, more rapid healing processes.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Bilateral parotid sialolithiasis in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and immunoglobulin G multiple myeloma.

Bilateral multiple parotid calculi, which are uncommonly diagnosed in the normal population, have never been reported in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Herein we report a case of bilateral parotid sialolithiasis in a patient who had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and was affected by multiple myeloma. The possible etiopathogenesis in view of the alterations of immunity, oral pH, and salivary composition that are observed in multiple myeloma and in human immunodeficiency virus infection are discussed.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1997

The contribution of immunoscintigraphy to the diagnosis of head and neck tumours.

Immunoscintigraphy with 111In-F(ab')2-anti-carcinoembryonic-antigen monoclonal antibody was performed in patients with primary head and neck tumours (n = 14), recurrences (n = 3) and suspected posttherapy lymph node metastases (n = 3). No false-positive but two false-negative results were obtained. Single photon emission tomography was performed 24 h after the intravenous administration of the radiopharmaceutical with a positive predictive value of 100% and a sensitivity of 90%. Only two very small (< 1 mm diameter) and necrotic primary tumours escaped detection, while the recurrences and lymph node metastases were always correctly diagnosed, in contrast to computerized tomography and ultrasound. Even though highly selective patients only were considered in the present research, the results do suggest that immunoscintigraphy may be usefully applied in all routine protocols for the study of head and neck cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Salivary gland stones: US evaluation in shock wave lithotripsy.

PURPOSE: To assess the usefulness of ultrasonography (US) in the selection and monitoring of patients with sialolithiasis to be treated with extracorporeal electromagnetic shock wave lithotripsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: US was performed in 80 symptomatic outpatients who were to undergo shock wave lithotripsy because they were not candidates for endoral extraction of calculi. The location and diameter of stones and the condition of the affected gland and duct were determined. RESULTS: Swollen and sclerotic glands and dilated ducts were the most frequently observed characteristics. After lithotripsy, stone clearance or a residual fragment of less than 2 mm in diameter was seen at US in 37 of 56 patients with submandibular gland calculi and in all 24 patients with parotid gland calculi. Favorable outcome after lithotripsy was associated with smaller (less than 7 mm) stone diameter (P < .001) and, in the case of submandibular gland stones, with intraductal location (P < .05). A return to a normal parenchymal echotexture was seen in all patients in whom the stone was completely eliminated; a limited reduction in swelling was observed in patients with residual fragments. CONCLUSION: US is useful in the selection of candidates for extracorporeal electromagnetic shock wave lithotripsy and in monitoring the progress of treatment.

Female↗
PubMed1997

Sinusitis in HIV-infected patients.

The purpose of this study is to retrospectively review the clinical, radiographic and laboratory characteristics, the therapy and evolution of sinusitis in HIV-infected patients hospitalized between January 1, 1985 and July 31, 1994. We have observed 65 cases of sinusitis in 58 HIV-infected patients (77.6% classified as group C). Forty-five of 65 cases (69.2%) showed radiographic evidence of acute sinusitis; the remaining 20 cases (30.8%) showed chronic sinusitis. In 61 cases (93.8%) there were symptoms related to sinusitis. In 61 sinusitis cases antibiotics were administered. Although the majority of patients responded at least partially to antibiotic therapy, a complete resolution of clinical and radiographic signs was observed in only 47.4% of acute sinusitis cases. No resolution was observed in chronic sinusitis after treatment stop. Sinusitis appears to occur quite frequently in HIV-infected patients, is often related to non-specific symptoms, may be recurrent and is commonly refractory to treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Parotid gland sialolithiasis: a new therapeutic option].

In chronic lithiasis of the salivary glands surgery is the only approach available whenever the stone cannot be removed by dilating or dissecting the salivary duct. The introduction of lithotripsy in the treatment of kidney and gall stones has made it possible to apply this method to salivary gland stones as well. The present study was aimed at evaluating the safety, reliability and effectiveness of lithotripsy in 36 patients with symptomatic parotid gland stones which could not be removed by conservative surgery. Ultrasound revealed the stones which were on the average 4.8 mm. In 147 cases they were located in the intraparenchymal area while the remaining 19 cases were located within the duct. No patient required anesthesia, sedative or analgesic. The average number of sessions per patient was 3.8 and each treatment lasted an average of 30 minutes. After lithotripsy, in all 10 of the patients who had completed the treatment, the stone was either totally eliminated or reduced enough to allow for spontaneous elimination. The side effects found in 9 of the patients were minor pain (2 patients), a transitory duct hemorrhage (6 patients) and skin petechia (4 patients). No damage to the salivary glands or adjacent anatomical structures was revealed upon treatment or later during the 10 month average follow up (range 1-22 months). Extracorporeal lithotripsy is a safe, effective, non-invasive alternative therapeutic option for the treatment of parotid sialolithiasis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Cathepsin D concentration in primary laryngeal cancer: correlation with clinico-pathological parameters, EGFR status and prognosis.

Sixty-three patients with primary laryngeal squamous-cell carcinoma were followed up for a median of 33 months after surgery. Cathepsin D (Cath D) concentration was assayed using a solid phase 2-site immunoradiometric assay in which the first monoclonal antibody (MAb) was coated on the ELISA solid phase and the second one, MIG8 radiolabeled with 1125-EGF, was used as the tracer. The median value of Cath D (13.8 pM/mg protein) was chosen as cut-off. Cath D > or = median value was closely related to neck lymph node involvement at presentation and to a short metastasis-free survival (MFS) and actual overall survival (OS). The 5-year MFS was 71% for patients with Cath D < median value tumors as compared with 0% for patients with Cath D > or = median value tumors. Lymph node status at presentation was not related to a short MFS and OS. Cox's univariate regression analysis using Cath D as a continuous variable showed that Cath D levels are correlated with neck lymph node metastasis. On multivariate analysis, Cath D status proved to be an independent factor for predicting a short MFS. Cath D assay may prove to be particularly useful in identifying laryngeal cancer patients who, with or without neck lymph node involvement at presentation, are at high risk of metastatic disease and poor outcome.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1996

Verrucous squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx: diagnostic and therapeutic considerations.

The clinical findings, histopathology, management and outcome of 31 patients with verrucous squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx (VSCC) are discussed. Laryngeal VSCC is a rare, highly differentiated variant of SCC and has specific morphological features and clinical behavior. A close liaison between the laryngologist and pathologist is needed to formulate a correct diagnosis, because this tumor appears to be malignant clinically and histologically benign. A low-power magnification of multiple large specimens, including the deep margins of the lesion, is required in order to differentiate VSCC from keratosis, verruca vulgaris or SCC with verrucous appearance, and to detect underlying microscopic foci of invasive SCC within or adjacent to a verrucous carcinoma. Long-lasting hoarseness was the most common symptom as the glottic region was the most common site of VSCC. Presumed clinically positive N1 lymph nodes were observed in the necks of 7 patients, but none had metastatic disease on histopathological study. Surgery alone was the most effective form of treatment, as it allowed a good outcome of all treated patients. Surgery plus radiotherapy was associated with an early recurrence and a poor outcome in 2 of 7 patients treated. The generally "benign" behavior of VSCC allows for conservative surgery, with complete endoscopic resection using the carbon dioxide laser representing a more conservative surgical approach. Neck dissection is not indicated due to the non-metastatic behavior of this tumor.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Facial nerve paralysis in acute otomastoiditis as presenting symptom of FAB M2, T8;21 leukemic relapse. Case report and review of the literature.

Granulocytic sarcoma (chloroma) is a rare solid, extramedullary tumour composed of immature granulocytes, occurring during granulocytic leukemia. Leukemic involvement of the temporal bone is not uncommon and may present in a variety of ways. Symptomatic facial nerve paralysis is one of these. The authors report a case of facial nerve paralysis as the presenting symptom of leukemic relapse in a 16-year-old white male, affected by acute myelogenous leukemia FAB M2, karyotype 46xy, T8;21.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1996

Detection of human papillomavirus DNA in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma by polymerase chain reaction.

Although human papillomaviruses (HPVs) have been found in many, but not all, tumours of the oral cavity, nose, pharynx and larynx, the true role of HPV in malignant tumours of the head and neck is still unclear. The presence of HPV DNA was investigated in 45 fresh squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) specimens and in 29 normal mucosa specimens collected from 45 primary laryngeal SCC patients. HPV DNA was detected using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with consensus primers that detect HPV types 6, 11, 16 and 18.9 of the 45 patients (20%) were HPV positive; the presence of HPV was also detected in the corresponding normal laryngeal mucosa of four of the 29 specimens (14%). No statistically significant differences were found between the presence of HPV DNA in normal specimens and in neoplastic mucosa specimens. No correlation was found between HPV DNA positive tumours and size, T classification, lymph node involvement and histological grading. This study adds further evidence suggesting a possible role of HPV DNA infection in laryngeal carcinogenesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Extracorporeal electromagnetic shock-wave lithotripsy for salivary gland stones.

Sialoadenectomy for sialolithiasis is necessary when the stone cannot be removed through the salivary duct. In addition, extracorporeal. shock-wave lithotripsy has recently become available for this purpose. The safety and efficacy of this method was assessed in 52 outpatients bearing stones with an average diameter of 6.76 mm in the submandibular or parotid gland. Anesthetics, sedatives, and analgesics were not required. Twenty-four of the 36 patients with submandibular gland calculi and all 16 with parotid sialolithiasis had complete stone disintegration or fragmentation of the calculi, with possible spontaneous clearance. Untoward effects were observed in 15 patients, namely localized skin petecchiae, transitory swelling of the gland, and self-limiting bleeding from the duct. No persistent damage of the salivary glands or adjacent structures was noted during a mean follow-up period of 10 months.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Generation of human auditory steady-state responses (SSRs). I: Stimulus rate effects.

Auditory evoked responses were recorded in 16 normally hearing subjects in order to investigate the mechanisms underlying the generation of the 40 Hz steady-state response (SSR). In the first part of our study, auditory potentials were evoked by 0.1 ms clicks presented at 105 dB p.e. SPL with repetition rates of 7.9 (to obtain middle latency response, MLR), 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 Hz. In each subject predictions of the responses recorded at stimulus repetition rates of 30, 40, 50, 60 Hz were synthesized by superimposing MLRs at suitable time intervals. The calculated mean amplitude/rate and phase/rate functions behaved similarly for the recorded and predicted curves, showing the highest amplitude at 40 Hz and a linear increase of phase values when increasing the stimulus rate. Nevertheless the synthetic curves closely predicted amplitude and phase values of the recorded responses only at 40 Hz. At frequencies below 40 Hz, the mean amplitude of the predicted curve was lower than that of the recorded one while at frequencies above 40 Hz the mean amplitude was higher. Predicted phase values were found lagging at 30 Hz, and leading at 50 Hz and 60 Hz in comparison to phase values calculated on the recorded responses. Our findings suggest that a model based on the linear addition of transient MLRs is not able to adequately predict steady-state responses at stimulus rates other than at 40 Hz. Other mechanisms related to the recovery cycle of the activated system come into play in the steady-state response generation causing a decrease in amplitude and an increase in phase lag when increasing the stimulus repetition rate.

Acoustic Stimulation↗