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Biomedical subjects

F N Martin

Publications and source records attributed to F N Martin.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Speech reception thresholds using conventional vs high-frequency spondees in normals and in subjects with marked high-frequency sensorineural loss.

Spondee threshold (ST) estimates were obtained on 20 normal-hearing adults and 15 adults with high-frequency sensorineural hearing losses sloping off above 500 c/s at about 15-20 db/oct. Stimuli consisted of tapes of a woman's voice speaking permuted lists of 9 conventional (broadband) spondees and of 10 high-frequency-emphasis spondees developed especially for this research using a discrete-frequency analysis. For normals, the correspondence was good between the 3-frequency (.5, 1, 2 kc/s) PTA vs either list. However, for the sensorineural Ss, the mean ST for the conventional spondees was better matched to the 2-frequency PTA (av. of 2 best of .5, 1, 2 kc/s), while the high-frequency-emphasis list STs were better matched to the 3-frequency PTA. It was suggested that high-frequency-emphasis STs be used with such sloping losses and that ST-PTA reliability checks for such Ss be comparisons using a +/- 5-db criterion comparing high-frequency-emphasis STs with 3-frequency PTA. If conventional STs are collected, they should with such Ss be compared to the individual's 2-frequency PTA.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Syllabic stress (trochaic vs. spondaic) and speech thresholds in normal and hearing-impaired children.

Speech thresholds for 6 common two-syllable words on tape with either trochaic (natural) or spondaic stress were collected from children aged 3.5-6.5 yrs, audiometrically grouped as normal-hearing (N:8), conductive (N:8) or sensorineural (N:6). Ss were further grouped as younger and older. No significant differences in mean threshold, nor in time to reach threshold, were observed for either pattern of stress or age, suggesting that audiologists may interchange spondaic with trochaic stress when measuring speech thresholds in young children, with no effect on the mean value or the efficiency of the threshold (mn of .5, 1, and 2 kc/s) or on its correlation with the pure-tone HTL.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1981

The influence of syllabic stress on children's speech reception thresholds.

One tape exemplar of each words cowboy, baseball, airplane, cupcake, popcorn, and hotdog spoken with natural (trochaic) and again with unnatural (spondaic) stress were selected from a pool to collect monaural SRTs by earphone in children. There were no significant differences due to type of stress, nor between boys and girls. Older children (N: 16, aged 5.0--6.0 yrs; SRT = --0.2 db HL) exhibited lower SRTs than younger (N: 16, aged 3.0--4.0 yrs; SRT = 3.2 db HL). It was informally observed that response, especially in younger Ss, tended (even when correct) to be at a slower rate, a condition to which the clinician should be alert.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1981

On the relationship of stapedial contraction to central masking.

The auditory masked threshold of a 1-kc/s pure tone was determined in quiet and with levels of white noise at 50-80 db SL in the non-test ear. Two groups of normal-hearing adults were tested, one (N:14, mn age = 27.4 yrs) with no history of middle-ear pathology, and another (N:12, mn age = 44.7 yrs) with the stapedial tendon severed. Significant differences in the amount of masked-threshold shift were observed, greater shifts being seen for the normal Ss, additional shifts ranging from 0.8-4.3 db as masking increased from 50-80 db SL. These differences were judged to be at least partly the result of stapedial contraction rather than having their origin entirely in central masking as often assumed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Comparison of tangibly reinforced speech-reception and pure-tone thresholds of mentally retarded children.

Sixteen mentally retarded children who had normal hearing were examined with two tests of auditory sensitivity. One procedure employed a tangibly reinforced operant-conditioning paradigm for pure tones, and the other test was based on a modification of operant conditioning for obtaining speech-reception thresholds. The speech procedure, utilizing an attractive mechanical device in the form of a clown, proved to be effective and efficient for use with retarded children.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1978

Measurement of speech thresholds of Spanish-speaking children by non-Spanish speaking clinicians.

This study investigated the feasibility of a prerecorded speech threshold procedure that was used in a picture-pointing format, and was administered to Spanish-speaking children by non-Spanish-speaking clinicians. The derived Spanish word list was compared for equivalency to English spondees on a group of bilingual adults. The test, administered to 16 children ages three to six years, resulted in good agreement between SRT and pure-tone average. The test was found to be feasible, rapid, and reliable.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Effects of sophistication on four tests for nonorganic hearing loss.

Three groups of 15 normal-hearing subjects were asked to simulate a hearing loss in one ear. Each subject was then tested on four measurements often used in determining the presence of pseudohypacusis (a comparison of the SRT to the pure-tone average, ascending vs descending pure-tone tests, the Stenger test, and pure-tone delayed auditory feedback). Results showed that as practice and sophistication on each of the procedures increased, there tended to be more improvement in the subjects' ability to "beat" some of the tests than others.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

On the cross hearing of spondaic words.

Twelve adults with unilateral hearing losses were tested to determine interaural attenuation for spondaic words. Low-pass and band-pass filters were used to simulate hearing loss at the normal ear. Results suggest that in deciding on the possibility of cross hearing, the spondee threshold at the test ear should be compared to the most sensitive bone-conduction threshold at the nontest ear, excluding .25 kc/s.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

A tangibly reinforced speech reception threshold procedure for use with small children.

Forty normal-hearing children between 17 and 56 months were tested using a new method for determining speech reception thresholds. The words employed were names for parts of a device that was in the form of a colorful clown. The device automatically rewarded the child with a small piece of candy each time he pressed the part of the clown that had been announced through the sound field system of a speech audiometer. Results showed that operant conditioning speech audiometry using tangible reinforcers is feasible for small children. Both boys and girls can be tested accurately by this method down to age two and one-half years.

Audiometry↗
PubMed1975

A modification of the Tillman-Olsen method for obtaining the speech reception threshold.

Twenty normal-hearing subjects were tested to determine their speech reception thresholds (SRTs) using the Tillman-Olsen method and a modification of their method requiring no knowledge of the pure-tone audiogram from which to estimate the SRT. Varying amounts of attenuation were added to the line leading to the test earphone to minimize experimenter bias. The data revealed no significant differences between the two methods in either the SRTs themselves or the amount of time required to obtain them. A procedure is therefore advanced for clinicians wishing to measure SRTs without prior knowledge of pure-tone thresholds.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

The effects of sophistication on Type V Bekesy patterns in simulated hearing loss.

Forty-five normal hearing subjects were divided into three groups according to sophistication regarding Bekesy audiometry in simulated hearing loss. Both standard pulsed (200 msec on/200 msec off) and lengthened off-time (200 msec on/800 msec off) were compared with a continuous tone tracing at 1000 Hz. Data revealed a general decrease in the number of Type V patterns observed as sophistication increased.

Adult↗