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Biomedical subjects

F Moroni

Publications and source records attributed to F Moroni.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Cortical lesions modulate turnover rates of acetylcholine and gamma-aminobutyric acid.

Interruption of the cortico-striatal glutamatergic pathway by decoratication results in significant decreases in the turnover rates of acetylcholine TRACh and gamma-aminobutyric acid TRGABA of striatum. These data support the hypothesis that the cortical input to the striatum is excitatory and acts to modulate cholinergic and GABAergic function in this nucleus. Studies of kainate-induced lesions of the striatum also indicate that most striatal cholinergic interneurons receive a glutamatergic input and that multiple injections of kainate are required to destroy this large population of interneurons.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1978

Modulation of ACh turnover in the septal-hippocampal pathway by electrical stimulation and lesioning.

The septal-hippocampal cholinergic pathway of the rat was either electrically stimulated or lesioned in order to study whether or not acetylcholine turnover rate (TRACh) changes with the activity of the cholinergic neurons. Appropriate electrical stimulation of the septum selectively increased the TRACh in the hippocampus in nonanesthetized and in barbiturate-treated animals. The ACh content of the hippocampus increased by approximately 30% 1 h after fimbria lesions, but decreased by about 80% 9 days after fimbria lesions. Acute fimbria lesions decreased the TRACh in the lesioned side by approximately 85%, but the TRACh in the intact side and in the cortex was unchanged. The same was true in rats with chronic fimbria lesions. In conclusion, the hippocampal TRACh increases or decreases proportionally to the activity of the cholinergic neurons; therefore the measurement of this parameter is of particular value in understanding how postynaptic cholinergic neurons are modulated by putative neurotransmitter released from afferent nerve terminals.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1978

Effect of cannabinoids on the turnover rate of acetylcholine in rat hippocampus, striatum and cortex.

The effects of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta9-THC), the major psychoactive compound of marijuana, and cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive component, on the acetylcholine (ACh) concentration and the turnover rate of ACh (TRACh) have been studied in various regions of the rat brain. Neither delta9-THC doses from 0.2 to 10 mg/kg nor CBD (10 OR 20 MG/KG) alter the ACh concentration in the brain areas examined 30 min, after the intravenous injection. However, delta9-THC (doses from 0.2 to 10 mg/kg) causes a marked dose-related decrease in the TRACh in hippocampus whereas CBD is without effect in this brain region even when 20 mg/kg is given. Furthermore, high doses of delta9-THC (5 mg/kg) and CBD (20 mg/kg) that produce a significant decrease in the TRACh of striatum fail to change the TRACh in parietal cortex. The low doses of delta9-THC required to reduce hippocampal TRACh suggest that an action on these cholinergic mechanisms may play a role in the psychotomimetic activity of delta9-THC.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1978

Modulation of the spontaneous histamine release by adrenergic and cholinergic drugs.

Experiments have been reported on the possible modulation of the spontaneous histamine release by adrenergic and cholinergic drugs. Adrenergic drugs increase the spontaneous histamine release in vivo, and in neoplastic mast cells, in vitro. The mechanism of histamine release appears to be dependent upon the activation of alpha-adrenoceptors. Cholinergic drugs activate the release of histamine in many secretory processes in vivo; in vitro, acetylcholine is one of the most powerful histamine releasers in isolated purified rat mast cells. The release of histamine evoked by acetylcholine in rat mast cells is a calcium-requiring, temperature-dependent exocytosis. The physiological relationship of the sympathetic, parasympathetic and histamine-containing cells are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Opiate receptor agonists as modulators of gamma-aminobutyric acid turnover in the nucleus caudatus, globus pallidus and substantia nigra of the rat.

The injection of various doses of morphine, subcutaneously, or of beta-endorphin, intraventricularly, changes the turnover rate of gamma-aminobutyric acid (TRGABA) in the substantia nigra, globus pallidus and nucleus caudatus. The TRGABA decreases in N. caudatus but increases in globus pallidus and substantia nigra. These changes are dose related and can be inhibited by naltrexone. The increased TRGABA in globus pallidus elicited by these opioid receptor agonists may be associated with catalepsy since muscimol, a specific GABA receptor agonist, injected into the globus pallidus causes a dose-related catalepsy. Since this GABA receptor agonist injected into the substantia nigra fails to cause catalepsy, one can exclude that the increase in the TRGABA of substantia nigra elicited by opiate receptor agonists is operative in mediating the catalepsy elicited by opioids.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

The influence of catecholamines and serotonin on histamine uptake and metabolism by guinea pig atrium.

The influence of serotonin and catecholamines on the uptake and metabolism of 14C-histamine by isolated guinea pig atrium has been investigated. Epinephrine, norepinephrine and serotonin were found to reduce the histamine uptake and the formation of methylhistamine, in a dose-dependent fashion. The order of potency was epinephrine greater than norepinephrine greater than serotonin. Aliphatic diamines, such as spermine, do not affect the accumulation and metabolism of histamine. It is suggested that serotonin and catecholamines, may enhance histamine responses by decreasing the uptake and metabolism of this amine.

Animals↗