Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to F Mimouni.
A prospective study on supernumerary nipples (SNNs) was performed on 1,691 consecutively born neonates. We used a new technique for easier routine detection of SNNs. The incidence of this anomaly was one per 40 or 25 per 1,000 live births. Association of other congenital abnormalities with SNNs was not found.
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The response of genital and gonadal growth during the first year of treatment with human growth hormone (hGH) was studied in 20 boys with isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD) (11 of hereditary origin and 9 sporadic cases). Prior to hGH treatment, 13 of the 15 prepubertal boys had a penis length below the normal mean, 3 of which were more than 2 SDS below the mean. The boys with hereditary IGHD had a greater deficit in penile size than did the sporadic cases. hGH treatment improved the penile length in all but two boys aged 14 and 15 yr, and led to growth up to normal size in the three boys with very small penises. Three of the hereditary IGHD patients had subnormal testes and all of the other prepubertal boys had a testicular volume in the normal range. hGH treatment increased testicular size, particularly in the prepubertal boys. Of three additional untreated adults with IGHD, one had a subnormal-size penis and two had penises of low-normal size. Our findings constitute further evidence that hGH deficiency is associated with decreased penile growth and, to some extent, decreased testicular size, and that hHG treatment improves the growth of the genitalia and gonads. Since these effects were also observed in prepuberty, it seems that not all the hGH or, rather, somatomedin effect on sex organs is androgen mediated.
Eight hundred preterm (PT) and low-birth-weight (LBW) infants, born during a period of 33 months, were examined for erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity. Each of 17 infants with G6PD deficiency was compared with the next PT or LBW infant born with normal enzyme activity. The groups were similar with respect to gestational age, birth weight, maximal weight loss, breast or formula feeding and the use of oxytocin during labor. Peak bilirubin levels were significantly higher in G6PD-deficient PT and LBW infants (11.7 +/- 1.4 vs. 9.5 +/- 2.1 mg/dl, P less than 0.001). There were no signs of frank hemolysis, and none of the patients underwent exchange transfusion. Early jaundice and the use of phototherapy were somewhat more frequent among the G6PD-deficient group, but not significantly so. It is suggested that PT and LBW infants born to parents of Asian or North African origin be routinely screened for erythrocyte G6PD activity and monitored for possible jaundice.
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The use of minus power anterior chamber intraocular lenses to correct myopia in phakic eyes has been demonstrated previously to produce a more accurate and predictable correction than corneal refractive surgery techniques. We have examined 15 such eyes by specular microscopy and 10 such eyes by Scheimpflug slit-lamp micrography. One year after surgery, in 5 (36.3%) eyes, there was a decrease of more than 20% in the central endothelial density. Paracentral endothelial damage was present in 13 eyes (86.6%). On the specular micrograph, this damage appeared as an overall decrease in the number of the cells, abnormal cell shape with marked pleomorphism, dark zones, and acellular zones that corresponded to endothelial defects. The slit-lamp anterior segment measurements showed a distance between the edges of the IOL optic and the endothelium which ranged from 0.71 to 1.50 mm. We discuss the criteria for intraocular lens removal.
Seventy high myopic eyes (-8.00 to -28.00 diopters) with epikeratoplasty (n = 29), myopic non-freeze keratomileusis (n = 26) or minus power anterior chamber intraocular lenses in phakic eyes (n = 15) were operated by two surgeons and were evaluated retrospectively. Results are reported at the 6-month postoperative interval. Eyes treated with epikeratoplasty had an average preoperative spherical equivalent of the cycloplegic refraction of -17.80 D (range -12.00 to -28.00 D). At 6 months, 66.6% of eyes were within 3 D of emmetropia and 7.4% of eyes had an uncorrected visual acuity of 20/40 or more. Average preoperative spectacle visual acuity was 20/50 (0.39); it was 20/50 (0.37) at both 6 and 24 months. Between 6 and 24 months, 32.2% of eyes had a change in refraction of 1.00 D or more. Two lenticules were removed. Eyes treated with non-freeze keratomileusis had an average preoperative refraction of -10.0 D (range -8 to -15 D). At 6 months, 61.5% of eyes were within 3.00 D of emmetropia and 30.7% of eyes had an uncorrected visual acuity of 20/40 or better. Average preoperative spectacle visual acuity was 20/30 (0.67), and 6 and 12 months afterward it was 20/30-20/40 (0.57) and 20/30 (0.66) respectively. Between 6 and 12 months, 8.3% of eyes, had a change in refraction of 1.00 D or more. Eyes treated with minus power anterior chamber lenses had an average preoperative refraction of -17.30 D (range -12.50 to -20.00 D).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Injuries of the proximal humerus in infants are often missed or misinterpreted because the humeral epiphysis is frequently nonossified. Ultrasonography enables direct visualization of the proximal humeral epiphysis, metaphysis, joint space, and relationship of the epiphysis with the glenoid cavity. We describe an infant with unexplained agitation and ventilatory difficulty related to a fracture of the proximal right humerus that was not appreciable on plain film radiographs. Sonographic imaging of the shoulder, with use of the opposite side for comparison, clearly demonstrated a Salter I proximal humeral fracture with marked metaphyseal displacement and preservation of the normal epiphyseal-glenoid relationship.
OBJECTIVE: Hypocalcemia is common in infants of diabetic mothers (IDMs) and may be caused by secondary hypoparathyroidism related to hypomagnesemia. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that prophylactic magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) administration at birth in IDMs with low cord magnesium concentrations will prevent neonatal hypocalcemia. STUDY DESIGN: In this randomized trial conducted in IDMs with a cord magnesium concentration of <0.74 mM (1.8 mg/dl), 26 subjects received 6 mg/kg elemental magnesium and 23 subjects received no treatment. Serum concentrations of total and ionized calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium were recorded at birth, by measuring the concentrations within the umbilical cord, and at 24 and 72 hours of age. RESULTS: The incidence of hypocalcemia at 72 hours was 0% (0 of 23) in the magnesium-treated group and 12.5% (2 of 16) in the group with no treatment (p = 0.16). There was no difference in mean serum calcium concentration at 72 hours between infants in the treated group and the group with no treatment (2.28 +/- 0.04 vs 2.22 +/- 0.05 mM; p = 0.39). The drop in serum calcium concentration from birth to 72 hours of age was less for the treated group (0.30 +/- 0.05 mM [1.23 +/- 0.18 mg/dl]) than the group with no treatment (0.45 +/- 0.05 mM [1.81 +/- 0.21 mg/dl]; p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: Administration of intramuscular MgSO4 to IDMs with cord magnesium <0.74 mM (1.8 mg/dl) does not reduce the incidence of hypocalcemia in infants of well-controlled diabetic mothers.