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Biomedical subjects

F Mimouni

Publications and source records attributed to F Mimouni.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Glucose ingestion and whole blood ionized calcium and magnesium in the third trimester of pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that glucose ingestion leads to a decrease in plasma ionized calcium (iCa) and ionized magnesium (iMg) during the third trimester of pregnancy. METHODS: We studied 54 women who underwent a 50 g glucose challenge test (GCT) and 27 women who underwent a 3-hour 100 g glucose tolerance test (GTT) because of an abnormal GCT. Plasma glucose was measured with an automated chemistry analyzer, while whole blood iCa and iMg were measured using an ion-selective electrode. RESULTS: The 1-hour plasma glucose post-GCT correlated inversely with whole blood iCa (r = -0.322, p = 0.027). The 3-hour plasma glucose GTT revealed a similar, but not statistically significant, decrease in blood iCa (r = -0.378, p = 0.356). The combined 1-hour peak plasma glucose during GTT and GCT correlated inversely with iCa (r = -0.376, p = 0.001), but not with iMg (r = 0.050, p = 0.737). Using multiple regression with iCa as the dependent variable and plasma glucose and glucose dose (50 or 100 g) as independent variables, both plasma glucose and glucose dose were inversely correlated with iCa (R2 = 0.45, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: We conclude that in pregnancy, induced hyperglycemia correlates with a drop in blood iCa concentrations; however a 100 g glucose load leads to a lesser iCa decrease than a 50 g load.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Dynamics of ionized magnesium and ionized calcium during recovery from diabetic ketoacidosis managed with conventional treatment.

Serial measurements of ionized magnesium (iMg), ionized calcium (iCa) and pH performed during the management of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in a 10 9/12-year-old female showed a progressive decrease in iMg and iCa to subnormal values which inversely correlated with the increase of pH, suggesting a state of depletion of these cations during conventional DKA management.

Calcium↗
PubMed1995

Nucleated erythrocyte count in newborn infants with left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia: relationship with the need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and survival.

Inadequate cardiac output in fetuses with left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia may cause chronic hypoxia and increased erythropoiesis. Postnatal nucleated erythrocyte counts were measured in 28 newborn infants with left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia who were eligible for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Nucleated erythrocyte counts were lowest in infants who survived without ECMO, intermediate in survivors requiring ECMO, and highest in infants who died despite ECMO.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1995

Decreased platelet counts in infants of diabetic mothers.

Infants of diabetic mothers (IDMs) have hematologic indices consistent with increased fetal erythropoiesis, presumably in response to chronic intrauterine hypoxemia. We hypothesized that increased erythropoiesis, as is evident from increased nucleated erythrocyte counts, would be accompanied by interrelated changes in thrombopoiesis and would correlate with maternal glycemic control during pregnancy. We compared absolute nucleated erythrocyte counts and platelet counts obtained in the first 24 hours of life in 32 term, nonasphyxiated IDMs with 47 controls. The IDM group had higher absolute nucleated erythrocyte counts (1.0 +/- 1.3 x 10(9)/L versus 0.4 +/- 0.7 x 10(9)/L; p < 0.05), and lower platelet counts (235 +/- 77 x 10(9)/L versus 348 +/- 79 x 10(9)/L; p < 0.001) than controls. Absolute nucleated erythrocyte counts correlated inversely with platelet counts (r = -0.28; p < 0.02). These neonatal hematologic measurements did not correlate with various parameters of maternal glycemic control. We conclude that in IDMs, increased erythropoiesis is accompanied by decreased platelet counts. These data are consistent with the theory of an erythropoietin-induced shift of fetal multipotent stem cell differentiation toward erythropoiesis at the expense of thrombopoiesis.

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1↗
PubMed1995

Effect of maternal oxygen therapy on placental calcium transport in intrauterine growth retarded rats.

OBJECTIVE: We tested the hypothesis that continuous maternal oxygen (O2) therapy leads to an increase in fetal survival, improvement in fetal growth, and correction of decreased placental calcium (Ca) transport, in pregnant rats who underwent uterine artery ligation. STUDY DESIGN: We measured on Day 21 of pregnancy, the unidirectional maternofetal clearance of 45Ca (Kmf45Ca) and 51Cr-EDTA (Kmf51Cr-EDTA) across in-situ perfused placentas of rats randomized on Day 17 to a modified Wigglesworth (bilateral uterine artery ligation) procedure (group WW, n = 8), to modified Wigglesworth and supplemental maternal O2 treatment (FiO2 0.40) (group WWO2, n = 8), or to a sham operation (group Sh, n = 8). Kmf51Cr-EDTA provides a measure of placental "porosity" or passive permeability. RESULTS: Maternal O2 therapy did not improve fetal survival, fetal growth, or placental Ca transport. CONCLUSION AND SPECULATION: Bilateral uterine ligation in the pregnant rat leads to IUGR and decreased placental Ca transport which cannot be corrected by maternal O2 therapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Prevalence and lack of clinical significance of blood group incompatibility in mothers with blood type A or B.

PURPOSE: To examine the prevalence and clinical significance of blood group incompatibility in infants whose mothers have blood type A or B. METHODS: We prospectively analyzed cord blood samples from 4996 consecutive love-born infants for blood type, hematocrit, and results of direct antiglobulin (Coombs) test (DAT) and indirect Coombs test (ICT). OUTCOME MEASURES: Erythrocyte sensitization was determined by positive DAT or ICT results. Significant hyperbilirubinemia (> or = 224 mumol/L (12.8 mg/dl) and mean cord hematocrits were compared between mother-infant pairs with ABO incompatibility and positive DAT or ICT results and those with negative Coombs test results. RESULTS: Of all births, 6.9% (343/4996) were of infants who had ABO incompatibility and had been born to mothers with blood type B or A; 44 (13%) of 343 infants had a positive antiglobulin test result, of whom 43 had a positive ICT result only. Type A or B mothers were 5.5 times less likely to have sensitization than type O mothers; A-B, B-A, A-AB, and B-AB mother-infant pairs with a positive antiglobulin test result had mean cord hematocrits and rates of significant hyperbilirubinemia similar to those of corresponding pairs whose antiglobulin tests both showed negative results. Infants with a positive DAT result had lower mean cord hematocrits than infants with negative results on both antiglobulin tests or on a positive ICT result only. Significant hyperbilirubinemia was more frequent in infants with a positive DAT result than in infants with negative results on both antiglobulin tests or a positive ICT result only. CONCLUSION: Sensitization is much rare when the mother has blood type A or B than when she has blood type O, as demonstrated by the antiglobulin test. The incidence of significant hyperbilirubinemia and lower cord hematocrit is not increased by sensitization when the mother has type A or B.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1994

Neonatal hypocalcemia: to treat or not to treat? (A review).

The various definitions of neonatal hypocalcemia (NHC) are critically examined. The authors review the known and less known complications of NHC and of its treatment. They emphasize the need for a definition of NHC in terms of serum ionized rather than total calcium concentrations, the rationale for treating symptomatic NHC, as well as the need for further research in infants with asymptomatic NHC.

Calcium↗
PubMed1994

Impact of metabolic control of diabetes during pregnancy on neonatal hypocalcemia: a randomized study.

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that strict control of diabetes during pregnancy can reduce the risk for neonatal hypocalcemia in infants of diabetic mothers. METHODS: One hundred thirty-seven pregnant women with insulin-dependent diabetes enrolled before 9 weeks' gestation were randomized to one of two treatment groups. In 68 subjects, the goals were fasting blood glucose level less than 4.44 mmol/L (80 mg/dL) and 1.5-hour postprandial blood glucose level less than 6.66 mmol/L (120 mg/dL) (strict control), whereas in 69 the goals were fasting blood glucose level less than 5.55 mmol/L (100 mg/dL) and 1.5-hour post-prandial glucose level less than 7.77 mmol/L (140 mg/dL) (customary control). RESULTS: Infants in the strict control group had a significantly lower rate of hypocalcemia (mean calcium less than 8.0 mg/dL in term infants and less than 7.0 mg/dL in preterm infants) than infants in the customary control group (17.6 versus 31.9%; P < .05). Using logistic regression analysis and after adjusting for the effects of gestational age, asphyxia, and White class on hypocalcemia, the difference between groups remained significant. The lowest infant serum calcium concentration correlated significantly with maternal glycohemoglobin A1 concentration at delivery (P = .03), gestational age (P = .0001), and the lowest serum magnesium concentration (P = .0001). CONCLUSION: Strict management of diabetes in pregnancy is associated with a reduction in the rate of neonatal hypocalcemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Effects of infant nutrition on cholesterol synthesis rates.

Nutrient effects on cholesterol fractional synthesis rates (FSR) in infancy by stable isotope determination have not been studied. We hypothesized that FSR is significantly reduced with high dietary cholesterol and phytoestrogen intake and increased with low dietary cholesterol and phytoestrogen intake. We prospectively studied 33 term male infants exclusively fed human milk (high cholesterol, low phytoestrogen, n = 12), cow milk-based formula (low cholesterol, low phytoestrogen, n = 8), soy milk-based formula (zero cholesterol, high phytoestrogen, n = 7), or soy milk-based formula modified to contain cholesterol (low cholesterol, high phytoestrogen, n = 6) during the first 4 mo of life. Cholesterol FSR was determined from rate of incorporation of deuterium into erythrocyte membrane cholesterol, and urinary isoflavone excretion (an index of dietary phytoestrogen exposure) was measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Significant differences in cholesterol FSR were found. FSR (%/d) was lowest in human milk (2.62 +/- 0.38), highest in soy milk-based formula (9.40 +/- 0.51), and intermediate in cow milk-based and modified soy milk-based formula (6.90 +/- 0.48 and 8.03 +/- 0.28, respectively), p < 0.0001. Cholesterol FSR was significantly lower in modified soy milk-based compared with soy milk-based formula, p < 0.05. We also show for the first time that dietary phytoestrogens are absorbed and excreted by the infant fed soy protein-based formula. Urinary isoflavone excretion was inversely related to cholesterol FSR, but it was not significantly related to serum cholesterol concentration. We conclude that the type of infant nutrition and dietary cholesterol are major factors influencing cholesterol fractional synthesis rates in infancy.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1994

Similar gastric emptying rates for casein- and whey-predominant formulas in preterm infants.

Casein-predominant infant milk formulas have been speculated to predispose to lactobezoar formation in preterm infants due to delayed gastric emptying. There have been, however, no prospective studies to prove this possibility. In a randomized, double-blinded, prospective study, we tested the hypothesis that preterm infants fed casein-predominant milk formula have slower gastric emptying than infants fed whey-predominant formulas. Twenty preterm infants within the first 4 d of life were randomized to receive either the whey-predominant formula Similac Special Care (whey:casein ratio 60:40) or an experimental casein-predominant formula (whey:casein ratio 18:82). Only the protein composition differed between the two formulas. The infants were fed the assigned study formula until they reached approximately 2200 g body weight when a gastric emptying scan was performed, using the designated study formula mixed with 25 microCi of technetium-99 sulfur colloid. Gastric emptying was followed continuously for 2 h. Gastric emptying at 30, 60, 90, and 120 min was similar between the two study groups. The time for 50% gastric emptying was 64.9 +/- 12.3 min for the infants fed the whey-predominant formula and 56.5 +/- 14.8 min for those fed the casein-predominant formula (p = 0.75). We conclude that the rate of gastric emptying in preterm infants fed casein-predominant formulas is similar to that in those fed whey-predominant formulas.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Treatment by refractive photokeratectomy of undercorrections after radial keratotomy].

UNLABELLED: Residual myopia after radial keratotomy is one of the major problems of this technique, it may be corrected with laser keratectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We present the results of nine eyes treated with photorefractive keratectomy, due to undercorrection after radial keratotomy. The photoablation was performed with the laser VISX 20/20, wavelength 193 mm, and concerned a residual spherical equivalent myopia (after RK) with an average of -2.00 diopters and a range of 0.87 to -3.75 D. RESULTS: Six months postoperatively, the average spherical equivalent refraction was no greater than -0.75 D and a range of -0.25 D to -2.12 D; 66.7% were within +/- 0.5 D of emmetropia, with a uncorrected visual acuity > 10/20. The best corrected visual acuity remained nearly the same. Postoperatively functional symptomatology and healing processus are comparable to the first intention of photoablation. CONCLUSION: The safety and effectiveness of laser Excimer photoablation seem to be demonstrated and this procedure could be used to complement RK.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Placental calcium transport during acute maternal hypermagnesemia in the rat.

OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to test the hypothesis that maternofetal placental calcium transfer rate decreases in experimentally induced acute maternal hypermagnesemia in the rat. STUDY DESIGN: We measured the unidirectional maternofetal clearance of calcium 45 and chromium 51-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid across in situ perfused placentas of rats randomized to intravenous treatment with saline solution and magnesium sulfate (n = 5) or to saline solution only (n = 5) before placental perfusion. The maternofetal clearance of chromium 51-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid provides a measure of placental "porosity" or passive permeability. RESULTS: The mean serum magnesium concentration increased to 5.3 +/- 0.6 mg/dl (2.18 +/- 0.25 mmol/L) in magnesium-infused rats, staying at 1.8 +/- 0.1 mg/dl (0.74 +/- 0.04 mmol/L) in control rats (p < 0.001). Neither the maternofetal clearance of calcium 45 nor that of chromium 51-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid was affected by acute maternal hypermagnesemia. CONCLUSION: Within the range of hypermagnesemia studied, placental calcium transport remains unaffected.

Animals↗